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Writing about Francis Bacon, Gilles Deleuze comments on the body as the 'zone of indiscernibility' between man and animal, especially 'as it is flesh or meat.' Bacon's fleshy zone, I argue, finds an early illustration in Madame Bovary, where Flaubert will also incorporate notions of 'animal life' as described by the nineteenth-century pathologist, Xavier Bichat. This essay will examine these fleshy zones as they relate to changing ideas of skin, tactility, and those, fluid permeable zones between human and animal and between individual bodies and the penetrating forces of others and the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online social networks(OSNs) face the challenging problem of hate speech, which should be moderated for the growth of OSNs. The machine learning approaches dominate the existing set of approaches for hate speech detection. In this study, we introduce BiCHAT: a novel BiLSTM with deep CNN and Hierarchical ATtention-based deep learning model for tweet representation learning toward hate speech detection. The proposed model takes the tweets as input and passes through a BERT layer followed by an attention-aware deep convolutional layer. The convolutional encoded representation further passes through an attention-aware Bidirectional LSTM network. Finally, the model labels the tweet as hateful or normal through a softmax layer. The proposed model is trained and evaluated over the three benchmark datasets extracted from Twitter and outperforms the state-of-the-art (SOTA) (Khan et al., 2022; Roy et al., 2020; Ding et al., 2019) and baseline methods with an improvement of 8%,7% and 8% in terms of precision, recall, and f-score, respectively. BiCHAT also demonstrates good performance considering training and validation accuracy with an improvement of 5% and 9%, respectively. We also examined the impact of different constituting neural network components on the model. On analysis, we observed that the exclusion of the deep convolutional layer has the highest impact on the performance of the proposed model. We also investigated the efficacy of different embedding techniques, activation function, batch size, and optimization algorithms on the performance of the BiCHAT model.

Online social networks(OSNs) face the challenging problem of hate speech, which should be moderated for the growth of OSNs. The machine learning approaches dominate the existing set of approaches for hate speech detection. In this study, we introduce BiCHAT : a novel Bi LSTM with deep C NN and H ierarchical AT tention-based deep learning model for tweet representation learning toward hate speech detection. The proposed model takes the tweets as input and passes through a BERT layer followed by an attention-aware deep convolutional layer. The convolutional encoded representation further passes through an attention-aware Bidirectional LSTM network. Finally, the model labels the tweet as hateful or normal through a softmax layer. The proposed model is trained and evaluated over the three benchmark datasets extracted from Twitter and outperforms the state-of-the-art (SOTA) (Khan et al., 2022; Roy et al., 2020; Ding et al., 2019) and baseline methods with an improvement of 8 % , 7 % and 8 % in terms of precision, recall, and f-score, respectively. BiCHAT also demonstrates good performance considering training and validation accuracy with an improvement of 5 % and 9 % , respectively. We also examined the impact of different constituting neural network components on the model. On analysis, we observed that the exclusion of the deep convolutional layer has the highest impact on the performance of the proposed model. We also investigated the efficacy of different embedding techniques, activation function, batch size, and optimization algorithms on the performance of the BiCHAT model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is, Berlioz writes in his essay "De la musique en général" (1837), "a strange agitation in my blood circulation: my arteries beat violently . . . a trembling overtakes my limbs and a numbness my hands and feet, while the nerves of sight and hearing are partially paralyzed." The composer here is not, as one might think, describing the symptoms of an opium overdose, but rather the powerful effect of "good music" on his own body. Challenging our tendency to dismiss Berlioz's musical writings as merely overheated Romantic effusions, I argue that the remarkable medical detail presented in his arguments reveals a hitherto neglected dimension of nineteenth-century engagement with the embodied effects of music. Contextualizing Berlioz's claims within the neurophysiology of his age, and in particular the physiological psychology of Cabanis, the anatomy of Bichat, and the acoustic theories of Lamarck, I recover the medical and scientific epistemes that motivated the composer's assertions about the power of music to effect embodied and emotional transformation--a constellation of ideas that I term his "neurophysiological imagination." An analysis in these terms of some of Berlioz's major compositional innovations reveals how both his writings and his music explore an explicitly neurophysiological dimension of early Romantic listening. Specifically, I propose that Berlioz repeatedly attempted both to represent and to induce an experience that was of great interest to the artists and audiences of his day: an overpowering mental and physical response to music experienced as an embodied, neurophysiological form of the sublime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two prominent personalities in Medicine, Lorenz Heister (1683-1758) and Xavier Bichat (1771-1802), compete for the attribution of the discovery of the buccal fat pad (BFP). A careful reading of the original texts reported here, seems to identify Bichat as the first to describe the BFP. However, Heister most probably was the first to describe an accessory parotid gland., (Copyright 2023 © American Academy of the History of Dentistry.)

This essay tests the assumption that Diderot was unmentionable during the 1790s because of his association with atheist materialism, and explores how philosophes close to him protected themselves and their work. It focuses predominantly on the Idéologues, Cabanis, and Destutt de Tracy, and also on the physician Bichat and the philosopher-zoologist Lamarck. It identifies certain textual strategies commonly deployed by these writers, including firstly, the curious practice of naming certain officially acceptable luminaries and using them to cover obscure references to other unnamed 'génies', secondly, the creation of neologisms for their work ('biologie', 'idéologie'), and thirdly, exaggerated claims of originality. It suggests that the break generally perceived by modern scholarship between the eighteenth-century experimental texts exploring consciousness and matter, particularly those of Diderot, and the post-revolutionary thinkers has been overstated, perhaps because of the very success of the trace-covering strategies examined here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The buccal fat pad (BFP) has been the subject of numerous publications regarding its anatomy and clinical implications, however our interest in the pathology was aroused by two cases of lipoma originating from the BFP that were particularly interesting as one lipoma was congenital and the other recurred. A search of the international literature revealed a further 27 cases of BFP lipoma dating from 1848 to 2002. This suggests it is a rare entity but the authors suspect it to be under reported because of unfamiliarity with the possibility and the various atypical characteristics that were observed. Firstly, BFP lipomas appear to be congenital relatively often. Also, many are histological variants such as the spindle-cell lipoma, which could be associated with a more diffuse growth in the various extensions. As the deep extensions are not routinely removed due to the difficulty of the procedure, this could result in incomplete resection and recurrence. A possible explanation is the hypothesis that the BFP has a different embryological origin than subcutaneous fat. More importantly, well-differentiated liposarcoma of the BFP has also been described, which may be clinically and histologically indistinguishable from spindle-cell lipoma. Therefore, the authors recommend a careful workup of every mass of the buccal space with consideration of the BFP as a possible origin. Detailed knowledge of the anatomy and extensive MR-imaging are paramount in guiding the surgical approach by visualising the extent of growth in the various extensions, and determining if the radiological picture is suggestive of liposarcoma. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article focuses on the study of biomedical intercessions of the ageing body made by Tiago Moreira and Paolo Palladino. According to the article, the study is focused on consociated social and cultural reconfigurations of ageing and death, the epistemic practices of bio-gerontology. Extending these rarer studies, Moreira and Palladino argue that changes in the scientific junction of ageing processes and death over a longer historical period than has been considered hither to offer significant insights into the ontology of the emergent politics of life itself.