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Background Single coronary artery (SCA) is a rare congenital coronary anomaly with incidence of 8–66 per 100 000 cases. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with SCA is technically challenging. This is a case of bifurcation angioplasty involving left anterior descending/right coronary artery (LAD/RCA) in a patient with SCA and 1-year follow-up with computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA). Case summary A 52-year-old female with history of PCI to LAD 4 months back, presented with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Coronary angiogram showed 90% stenosis in mid-LAD, distal to the previous stent and proximal to an anomalously originating RCA from mid-LAD. She was planned for LAD/RCA provisional bifurcation angioplasty and a drug-eluting stent was deployed in LAD across RCA, following which patient developed angina with ischaemic electrocardiogram (ECG) changes due to significant pinching of RCA. Using Reverse crush technique, RCA was stented successfully with resolution of angina and ECG changes. At 1-year follow-up, patient is in New York Heart Association class I with normal left ventricular function and patent LAD/RCA bifurcation stent on CTCA. Discussion SCA poses a great challenge to interventional cardiologists during PCI, especially in the event of a complication. Detailed anatomical knowledge, appropriate hardware and operator expertise are the key factors for successful PCI of SCA. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first case report of bifurcation angioplasty of LAD/RCA in a rare case of SCA. This case also describes the use of reverse crush technique as a bailout strategy during provisional bifurcation angioplasty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bifurcation percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains a challenging frontier in interventional cardiology, especially in the setting of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). We examined the procedural and clinical outcomes of this patient subset.Methods: We conducted a retrospective case-control study. Between February 2006 and March 2011, 129 patients with STEMI underwent bifurcation PCI at our institution. One hundred and twenty-nine (129) control STEMI patients with non-bifurcation PCI were selected from the institutional database, matched for age, gender, culprit vessel, and lesion location. Patients with cardiac arrest, cardiogenic shock, or who required mechanical ventilation were excluded. Twelve (12)-month follow-up data were collected by telephone calls and examination of the medical records.Results: The average age of patients presenting with STEMI was 61.6 ± 13.1 in the bifurcation group and 61.5 + 31.1 in the non-bifurcation group. There was no difference in lesion type, use of thrombus aspiration catheters, or glycoprotein inhibitors (GPI) among them. Also, the use of drug eluting stent (DES), total cumulative length of stent used, and diameter of the post-dilation balloon were similar. Final kissing balloon post-dilation was performed in 40.3% of bifurcation PCI cases. The incidence of procedural failure (TIMI 0 flow) was 1.5% vs. 0%; p = 0.478. At 12-months follow-up, the bifurcation PCI group had higher incidence of target lesion revascularisation (TLR) (10.9% vs. 3.9%, p = 0.050), mortality (10.1% vs. 2.3%, p = 0.020), and stent thrombosis (9.3% vs. 1.6%; p = 0.013); comprising one acute, nine subacute, and two late vs. two subacute stent thromboses.Conclusions: During acute STEMI, bifurcation PCI has excellent acute procedural outcomes, but significantly increased incidence of TLR, stent thrombosis and mortality at 12 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to confirm the relation between stent struts and the jailed side branch (SB), the actual wire re-crossing position and the optimal wire re-crossing position during a bifurcation stenting, we developed the instant stent-accentuated three-dimensional optical coherence tomography (iSA 3D-OCT) system based on a novel algorithm. Stent struts in two-dimensional optical coherence tomography (2D-OCT) are represented as high-intensity line segments or spots in low-intensity background. Stent struts disappear and a vessel image is created by the mean filter followed by the minimum filter. A strut image is created by subtracting a vessel image from an original image, and accentuated. By adding a vessel image to a strut image, iSA 2D-OCT is created. It took only 3 s to accentuate stent struts of 100 frames by ImageJ with its macro program. By the iSA 3D-OCT system which consists of the console of OCT, the USB selector, USB cables, the USB flash drive, the computer, and three freeware programs, it took about 65 s from an export of the image data to an observation of iSA 3D-OCT semi-automatically. During a bifurcation stenting procedure, we could confirm the relation between stent struts and the jailed SB, the actual wire re-crossing position and the optimal wire re-crossing position. Using the iSA 3D-OCT system, a detailed process during a bifurcation PCI can be observed in very short waiting time, about 65 s. It is expected to improve the outcome of a complicated bifurcation PCI by the iSA 3D-OCT system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although the double kissing (DK) crush stenting technique can provide excellent outcomes in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of bifurcation lesions, it can be challenging to perform., Methods: We examined the clinical and angiographic characteristics, challenges encountered, and procedural outcomes of bifurcation PCI with DK crush in Prospective Global Registry of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Bifurcation Lesions (PROGRESS-BIFURCATION, NCT05100992)., Results: DK crush was used in 48 of 435 bifurcation lesions (11%). Technical success was 100%, procedural success was 96%, and the incidence of in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular events was 4%. Challenges while performing DK crush were encountered in 26 lesions (54%): (1) difficulty in side branch (SB) first rewiring (38%) that was overcome with the use of a new guidewire (30%) or a microcatheter (15%); (2) inability to deliver balloon to an SB for the first kiss (54%) that was overcome with the use of a smaller balloon (86%), rewiring (29%), microcatheter (14%), and increased support 7%; (3) difficulty in SB second rewiring (19%) that was overcome with the use of a new guidewire (80%) and/or microcatheter (60%). DK crush was more often performed in left main and proximal left anterior descending artery lesions (70% vs. 50%, p = 0.014). DK crush cases required more contrast (198 ± 84 ml vs. 163 ± 70 ml, p = 0.003), fluoroscopy time (35 ± 20 min vs. 25 ± 21 min, p = 0.004), and lasted longer (137 ± 69 min vs. 99 ± 66 min, p = 0.001) compared with non-DK crush techniques., Conclusions: While challenges are common when performing DK crush bifurcation stenting, success rates are high and complication rates are low., (© 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Objective: Present bench study aimed to evaluate whether technical characteristics of Fantom Encore® bioresorbable scaffold (BRS) allow to perform proximal optimization/side branch dilation/proximal optimization (POT-SB-POT) technique, as an adequate solution for bifurcation percutaneous coronary intervention., Methods: Two Fantom Encore® BRS platforms (small with 3.0 mm nominal diameter, n = 7; and large with 3.5 mm nominal diameter, n = 7) were evaluated in bench models, which were designed according to Finet-law and fitted to nominal scaffold diameter in the distal main branch (MB) and fitted to indicated maximal expansion capacity in the proximal main branch (MB). Results were evaluated by (a) fluoroscopy, (b) optical coherence tomography (OCT) and (c) micro-computed tomography (μCT)., Results: All procedures were performed according to the protocol. Careful review of the fluoroscopic loops by an independent operator did not reveal any strut fracture or major deformation. By OCT the overall rate of perfectly apposed struts in the bifurcation area was 15 ± 6% after SB opening, that increased significantly but remained low with 22 ± 9% after final POT (p = .001). Compared to SB ballooning alone, significant benefit of final POT was found in rate of perfect apposition in the proximal MB (15 ± 12% vs. 26 ± 15%, respectively; p = .017) and at the abostial side of polygon of confluence (7 ± 9% vs. 16 ± 13%, respectively; p = .005). μCT analysis revealed a single strut fracture in one case with the small platform, while four cases showed single or multiple strut fractures with the large platform., Conclusion: The mechanical characteristics of the device are not suitable for use of Conventional techniques for bifurcation PCI such as POT-SB-POT. The use of Fantom Encore® BRS for bifurcation PCI with relevant SB should not be encouraged., (© 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)