13 results on '"Biscornet, Leon"'
Search Results
2. Spatiotemporal Circulation of Influenza Viruses in 5 African Countries During 2008–2009: A Collaborative Study of the Institut Pasteur International Network
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Heraud, Jean-Michel, Njouom, Richard, Rousset, Dominique, Kadjo, Herve, Caro, Valerie, Ndiaye, Mbayame Niang, Victoir, Kathleen, Collard, Jean-Marc, Orelle, Arnaud, Yekwa, Elsie Laban, Ekaza, Euloge, Razanajatovo, Norosoa Harline, Adamou, Lagare, Biscornet, Leon, Enouf, Vincent, van der Werf, Sylvie, and Diop, Ousmane Madiagne
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- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. An Observational Study of Human Leptospirosis in Seychelles
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Biscornet, Leon, de Comarmond, Jeanine, Bibi, Jastin, Mavingui, Patrick, Dellagi, Koussay, Tortosa, Pablo, Pagès, Frédéric, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IRD-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de La Réunion (UR), Ministry of Health, Public Health Department, Victoria, Seychelles, Centre de Recherche et de Veille sur les Maladies Émergentes dans l'Océan Indien (CRVOI), Université de La Réunion (UR), Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IRD-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Tortosa, Pablo
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Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,Seychelles ,[SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems ,Risk Factors ,Agglutination Tests ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,[SDV.BID.EVO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE] ,[SDV.EE.ECO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems ,[SDV.EE.SANT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health ,Animals ,Humans ,Leptospirosis ,Prospective Studies ,Aged ,[SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health ,Leptospira ,Farmers ,[SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE] ,Incidence ,Articles ,Middle Aged ,[SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology ,Antibodies, Bacterial ,Survival Analysis ,Immunoglobulin M ,Cats ,Cattle ,Female ,[SDV.MP.BAC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology - Abstract
International audience; A 1-year population-based prospective study was launched in Seychelles, a country with one of the highest human incidence of leptospirosis worldwide, to describe the characteristic features of the epidemiology of the disease and highlight the most prominent risk factors. Diagnosis was based on the IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, microscopic agglutination test, and real-time PCR. A standardized questionnaire was administered to 219 patients aged ³ 13 years consulting for acute febrile illness. The high incidence of leptospirosis in Seychelles was confirmed. The disease was particularly severe, as the case fatality rate was 11.8%. Leptospirosis was positively associated in univariate analysis with socio-professional and clinical variables including gardening/farming, oliguria, jaundice, conjunctivitis, history of hepatitis C virus infection, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and/or biological renal failure. Epidemiological analyses of the questionnaires highlighted a link of the disease with living in houses (versus apartment), the presence of animals around and in houses, gardening, and misuse of personal protective equipment. Multivariate analyses indicated that being a farmer/landscaper and having cattle and cats around the home are the most significant drivers of leptospirosis. Biological features most associated with leptospirosis were thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis, high values for renal function tests, and elevated total bilirubin. We report changes in behavior and exposure compared with data collected on leptospirosis 25 years ago, with indication that healthcare development has lowered case fatality. Continuous health education campaigns are recommended as well as further studies to clarify the epidemiology of human leptospirosis, especially the role of domestic animals.
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- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. La leptospirose aux Seychelles : investigation d'une maladie zoonotique en environnement insulaire tropical par des approches géographique, moléculaire et épidémiologique
- Author
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Biscornet, Leon, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IRD-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de La Réunion (UR), Université de la Réunion, Pablo Tortosa, STAR, ABES, and Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IRD-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
Leptospira ,Épidemiologie moléculaire ,[SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology ,Rattus ,Molecular epidemiology ,Zoonoses ,Leptospirosis ,Animal reservoirs ,Leptospirose ,Seychelles ,Réservoirs animaux ,[SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology ,One health - Abstract
Leptospirosis is an emerging neglected disease representing a heavy burden in the tropics, especially in tropical islands such as Seychelles, which record among the highest human incidence worldwide. This thesis aims at exploring the eco-epidemiology of leptospirosis in Seychelles by (i) using rats as markers of environmental exposure to Leptospira infection, (ii) describing the molecular epidemiology of the disease in humans and animals in a One Health framework, and (iii) identifying occupational and behavioural risk factors while comparing the current situation to that described 25 years ago. The combination of fine spatial distribution, molecular and clinical epidemiology complement each other in providing a comprehensive picture of the continuum involving reservoirs and human hosts within a shared environment.Habitat fragmentation and proximity to nutritional sources are found good predictors of Leptospira-laden Rattus spp. Geospatial analyses determined a selection of other important variable factors that are strongly correlated with Leptospira infection in Rattus spp., including altitude or distance to surface water (negative correlation), urbanization and heavy rainfall (positive correlation). Results of these analyses can guide policy makers and especially urban planners to best implement landscape structures for conservation or pest control goals leading to reduced exposure of humans to rat-borne diseases.Rattus norvegicus is found significantly more infected than Rattus rattus. Therefore, increased infection in urbanized/fragmented habitats may result at least in part from Rattus spp distribution, as R. norvegicus is mostly found in urban areas. Most importantly, genotyping of Leptospira in human acute cases and rats suggests that these rodents are involved in only a third of human acute infections, while most human cases originate from yet to be identified reservoir(s).An annual incidence of 54.6 (95% CI 40.7-71.8) per 100,000 confirms the major medical and public health importance of the disease in the country. The disease affects mainly men (96%) and displays a case fatality rate of 11.2%, mostly associated with severe forms (acute renal failure, hepatic failure and pulmonary haemorrhage). Farming and gardening related activities, proximity to cattle and cats, thrombocytopaenia, leukocytosis, elevated bilirubin and high values for renal function tests are predictors of leptospirosis. The geographical distribution of human cases poorly overlaps districts of high prevalence in rats in keeping with a restricted role of rats in human disease.The comparison of figures reported herein and in previous studies published 25 years ago reveals changes in behaviour and exposure, and shows that the development of health care has lowered the case fatality despite still high disease incidence in the country. A low level of knowledge on leptospirosis is reported, urging the need for implementing health education campaigns. Altogether, the data presented in this thesis strongly supports the implementation of a research program aiming at discovering alternative reservoir(s) to provide a full understanding of the epidemiological situation, which will allow fine tuning preventive measures for an efficient control of a disease that is still recognised as the infectious disease causing the highest mortality in the country., La leptospirose est une maladie négligée émergente touchant plus particulièrement les régions tropicales, et plus encore les îles tropicales telles que les Seychelles, qui enregistrent des incidences humaines parmi les plus élevées au monde. Cette thèse a pour objectifs d’explorer l’éco épidémiologie de la leptospirose aux Seychelles (i) en utilisant les rats comme marqueurs d’exposition environnementale, (ii) en décrivant l’épidémiologie moléculaire de la maladie chez l’homme et l’animal à travers une approche “One Health”, et enfin (iii) en identifiant les comportements et professions à risque tout en en comparant la situation actuelle à celle décrite il y a 25 ans. La combinaison d’approches géographique, moléculaire et clinique vise à dresser un tableau complet de la situation épidémiologique de cette maladie aux Seychelles en intégrant les réservoirs animaux, l’homme et l’environnement qu’ils occupent.La fragmentation de l’habitat et la proximité de ressources alimentaires apparaissent comme de bons prédicteurs d’infection chez les rats. Les analyses géo-spatiales permettent de mettre en évidence d’autres variables corrélées négativement (altitude ou distance à un point d’eau douce) ou positivement (niveau d’urbanisation, pluviométrie) au statut d’infection chez les rats. Ces résultats pourraient être pris en compte dans les politiques d’aménagement du territoire mises en place dans des buts de conservation des habitats ou de contrôle des rongeurs, afin de réduire l’exposition de l’homme à des pathogènes maintenus dans l’environnement par les rats. Si le niveau d’urbanisation est positivement corrélé avec le statut d’infection, ce patron pourrait au moins en partie résulter de la distribution des deux espèces Rattus norvegicus et Rattus rattus. En effet la première espèce, retrouvée essentiellement en milieu urbain, est nettement plus infectée que la deuxième que l’on retrouve partout sur l’île. Néanmoins, la comparaison des leptospires retrouvés chez les rats et chez les cas humains graves indique que les rats ne sont impliqués que dans un tiers des transmissions à l’homme, la majorité des cas humains étant causée par des leptospires dont le(s) réservoir(s) reste(nt) à identifier. Une incidence annuelle de 54,6 (95% IC 40,7-71,8) pour 100 000 habitants confirme l’importance médicale majeure de cette maladie dans le pays. La maladie touche très majoritairement les hommes (96%) et présente un taux de mortalité élevé (11,2%), essentiellement associé à des formes sévères (dysfonctions rénales et hépatiques, hémorragie pulmonaire). Les activités agricoles et le jardinage, la proximité d’élevages et de chats, une thrombocytopénie, une leucocytose, un taux de bilirubine élevé et des valeurs élevées aux tests de fonction rénale sont de bons prédicteurs de leptospirose. La distribution géographique des cas humains ne correspond pas à celle des districts hébergeant des populations de rats aux prévalences d’infection élevées, en cohérence avec un rôle restreint des rats dans la leptospirose humaine.La comparaison des données présentées ici avec celles publiées il y a 25 ans révèle un changement dans les comportements et les expositions, et montre qu’une meilleure prise en charge hospitalière a vraisemblablement contribué à faire diminuer la mortalité liée à la leptospirose, même si celle-ci reste élevée. Un faible niveau de connaissance de la maladie en population générale souligne l’importance de mettre en place des campagnes de sensibilisation. Les données produites dans le cadre de cette thèse stimulent la mise en place d’études complémentaires visant à mettre en évidence le(s) réservoir(s) complémentaire(s) et adapter les mesures de prévention pour limiter le fardeau que représente cette maladie aux Seychelles, aujourd’hui encore reconnue comme la maladie infectieuse causant le plus de décès dans le pays.
- Published
- 2020
5. Leptospirosis in the Seychelles : geographic, molecular and epidemiological investigations of a zoonotic disease in a tropical insular environment
- Author
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Biscornet, Leon, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IRD-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de la Réunion, Pablo Tortosa, and STAR, ABES
- Subjects
Leptospira ,Épidemiologie moléculaire ,[SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology ,Rattus ,Molecular epidemiology ,Zoonoses ,Leptospirosis ,Animal reservoirs ,Leptospirose ,Seychelles ,Réservoirs animaux ,[SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology ,One health - Abstract
Leptospirosis is an emerging neglected disease representing a heavy burden in the tropics, especially in tropical islands such as Seychelles, which record among the highest human incidence worldwide. This thesis aims at exploring the eco-epidemiology of leptospirosis in Seychelles by (i) using rats as markers of environmental exposure to Leptospira infection, (ii) describing the molecular epidemiology of the disease in humans and animals in a One Health framework, and (iii) identifying occupational and behavioural risk factors while comparing the current situation to that described 25 years ago. The combination of fine spatial distribution, molecular and clinical epidemiology complement each other in providing a comprehensive picture of the continuum involving reservoirs and human hosts within a shared environment.Habitat fragmentation and proximity to nutritional sources are found good predictors of Leptospira-laden Rattus spp. Geospatial analyses determined a selection of other important variable factors that are strongly correlated with Leptospira infection in Rattus spp., including altitude or distance to surface water (negative correlation), urbanization and heavy rainfall (positive correlation). Results of these analyses can guide policy makers and especially urban planners to best implement landscape structures for conservation or pest control goals leading to reduced exposure of humans to rat-borne diseases.Rattus norvegicus is found significantly more infected than Rattus rattus. Therefore, increased infection in urbanized/fragmented habitats may result at least in part from Rattus spp distribution, as R. norvegicus is mostly found in urban areas. Most importantly, genotyping of Leptospira in human acute cases and rats suggests that these rodents are involved in only a third of human acute infections, while most human cases originate from yet to be identified reservoir(s).An annual incidence of 54.6 (95% CI 40.7-71.8) per 100,000 confirms the major medical and public health importance of the disease in the country. The disease affects mainly men (96%) and displays a case fatality rate of 11.2%, mostly associated with severe forms (acute renal failure, hepatic failure and pulmonary haemorrhage). Farming and gardening related activities, proximity to cattle and cats, thrombocytopaenia, leukocytosis, elevated bilirubin and high values for renal function tests are predictors of leptospirosis. The geographical distribution of human cases poorly overlaps districts of high prevalence in rats in keeping with a restricted role of rats in human disease.The comparison of figures reported herein and in previous studies published 25 years ago reveals changes in behaviour and exposure, and shows that the development of health care has lowered the case fatality despite still high disease incidence in the country. A low level of knowledge on leptospirosis is reported, urging the need for implementing health education campaigns. Altogether, the data presented in this thesis strongly supports the implementation of a research program aiming at discovering alternative reservoir(s) to provide a full understanding of the epidemiological situation, which will allow fine tuning preventive measures for an efficient control of a disease that is still recognised as the infectious disease causing the highest mortality in the country., La leptospirose est une maladie négligée émergente touchant plus particulièrement les régions tropicales, et plus encore les îles tropicales telles que les Seychelles, qui enregistrent des incidences humaines parmi les plus élevées au monde. Cette thèse a pour objectifs d’explorer l’éco épidémiologie de la leptospirose aux Seychelles (i) en utilisant les rats comme marqueurs d’exposition environnementale, (ii) en décrivant l’épidémiologie moléculaire de la maladie chez l’homme et l’animal à travers une approche “One Health”, et enfin (iii) en identifiant les comportements et professions à risque tout en en comparant la situation actuelle à celle décrite il y a 25 ans. La combinaison d’approches géographique, moléculaire et clinique vise à dresser un tableau complet de la situation épidémiologique de cette maladie aux Seychelles en intégrant les réservoirs animaux, l’homme et l’environnement qu’ils occupent.La fragmentation de l’habitat et la proximité de ressources alimentaires apparaissent comme de bons prédicteurs d’infection chez les rats. Les analyses géo-spatiales permettent de mettre en évidence d’autres variables corrélées négativement (altitude ou distance à un point d’eau douce) ou positivement (niveau d’urbanisation, pluviométrie) au statut d’infection chez les rats. Ces résultats pourraient être pris en compte dans les politiques d’aménagement du territoire mises en place dans des buts de conservation des habitats ou de contrôle des rongeurs, afin de réduire l’exposition de l’homme à des pathogènes maintenus dans l’environnement par les rats. Si le niveau d’urbanisation est positivement corrélé avec le statut d’infection, ce patron pourrait au moins en partie résulter de la distribution des deux espèces Rattus norvegicus et Rattus rattus. En effet la première espèce, retrouvée essentiellement en milieu urbain, est nettement plus infectée que la deuxième que l’on retrouve partout sur l’île. Néanmoins, la comparaison des leptospires retrouvés chez les rats et chez les cas humains graves indique que les rats ne sont impliqués que dans un tiers des transmissions à l’homme, la majorité des cas humains étant causée par des leptospires dont le(s) réservoir(s) reste(nt) à identifier. Une incidence annuelle de 54,6 (95% IC 40,7-71,8) pour 100 000 habitants confirme l’importance médicale majeure de cette maladie dans le pays. La maladie touche très majoritairement les hommes (96%) et présente un taux de mortalité élevé (11,2%), essentiellement associé à des formes sévères (dysfonctions rénales et hépatiques, hémorragie pulmonaire). Les activités agricoles et le jardinage, la proximité d’élevages et de chats, une thrombocytopénie, une leucocytose, un taux de bilirubine élevé et des valeurs élevées aux tests de fonction rénale sont de bons prédicteurs de leptospirose. La distribution géographique des cas humains ne correspond pas à celle des districts hébergeant des populations de rats aux prévalences d’infection élevées, en cohérence avec un rôle restreint des rats dans la leptospirose humaine.La comparaison des données présentées ici avec celles publiées il y a 25 ans révèle un changement dans les comportements et les expositions, et montre qu’une meilleure prise en charge hospitalière a vraisemblablement contribué à faire diminuer la mortalité liée à la leptospirose, même si celle-ci reste élevée. Un faible niveau de connaissance de la maladie en population générale souligne l’importance de mettre en place des campagnes de sensibilisation. Les données produites dans le cadre de cette thèse stimulent la mise en place d’études complémentaires visant à mettre en évidence le(s) réservoir(s) complémentaire(s) et adapter les mesures de prévention pour limiter le fardeau que représente cette maladie aux Seychelles, aujourd’hui encore reconnue comme la maladie infectieuse causant le plus de décès dans le pays.
- Published
- 2020
6. Genome microevolution of chikungunya viruses causing the Indian Ocean outbreak
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Schuffenecker, Isabelle, Iteman, Isabelle, Michault, Alain, Murri, Severine, Frangeul, Lionel, Vaney, Marie-Christine, Lavenir, Rachel, Pardigon, Nathalie, Reynes, Jean-Marc, Pettinelli, Francois, Biscornet, Leon, Diancourt, Laure, Michel, Stephanie, Duquerroy, Stephane, Guigon, Ghislaine, Frenkiel, Marie-Pascale, Brehin, Anne-Claire, Cubito, Nadege, Despres, Philippe, Kunst, Frank, Rey, Felix A., Zeller, Herve, and Brisse, Sylvain
- Subjects
RNA viruses -- Research ,RNA virus infections -- Development and progression - Abstract
ABSTRACT Background A chikungunya virus outbreak of unprecedented magnitude is currently ongoing in Indian Ocean territories. In Reunion Island, this alphavirus has already infected about one-third of the human population. [...]
- Published
- 2006
7. Human papillomavirus genotype detection and viral load in paired genital and urine samples from both females and males
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Bissett, Sara L., Howell-Jones, Rebecca, Swift, Craig, De Silva, Natasha, Biscornet, Leon, Parry, John V., Saunders, Nicholas A., Nathan, Mayura, Soldan, Kate, Szarewski, Anne, Cuzick, Jack, and Beddows, Simon
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- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Human leptospirosis in Seychelles: A prospective study confirms the heavy burden of the disease but suggests that rats are not the main reservoir.
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Biscornet, Leon, Dellagi, Koussay, Pagès, Frédéric, Bibi, Jastin, de Comarmond, Jeanine, Mélade, Julien, Govinden, Graham, Tirant, Maria, Gomard, Yann, Guernier, Vanina, Lagadec, Erwan, Mélanie, Jimmy, Rocamora, Gérard, Le Minter, Gildas, Jaubert, Julien, Mavingui, Patrick, and Tortosa, Pablo
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LEPTOSPIROSIS , *ZOONOSES , *PATHOGENIC microorganisms , *INFECTIOUS disease transmission , *PUBLIC health administration - Abstract
Background: Leptospirosis is a bacterial zoonosis caused by pathogenic Leptospira for which rats are considered as the main reservoir. Disease incidence is higher in tropical countries, especially in insular ecosystems. Our objectives were to determine the current burden of leptospirosis in Seychelles, a country ranking first worldwide according to historical data, to establish epidemiological links between animal reservoirs and human disease, and to identify drivers of transmission. Methods: A total of 223 patients with acute febrile symptoms of unknown origin were enrolled in a 12-months prospective study and tested for leptospirosis through real-time PCR, IgM ELISA and MAT. In addition, 739 rats trapped throughout the main island were investigated for Leptospira renal carriage. All molecularly confirmed positive samples were further genotyped. Results: A total of 51 patients fulfilled the biological criteria of acute leptospirosis, corresponding to an annual incidence of 54.6 (95% CI 40.7–71.8) per 100,000 inhabitants. Leptospira carriage in Rattus spp. was overall low (7.7%) but dramatically higher in Rattus norvegicus (52.9%) than in Rattus rattus (4.4%). Leptospira interrogans was the only detected species in both humans and rats, and was represented by three distinct Sequence Types (STs). Two were novel STs identified in two thirds of acute human cases while noteworthily absent from rats. Conclusions: This study shows that human leptospirosis still represents a heavy disease burden in Seychelles. Genotype data suggests that rats are actually not the main reservoir for human disease. We highlight a rather limited efficacy of preventive measures so far implemented in Seychelles. This could result from ineffective control measures of excreting animal populations, possibly due to a misidentification of the main contaminating reservoir(s). Altogether, presented data stimulate the exploration of alternative reservoir animal hosts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Predicting the Presence of Leptospires in Rodents from Environmental Indicators Opens Up Opportunities for Environmental Monitoring of Human Leptospirosis.
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Biscornet, Leon, Révillion, Christophe, Jégo, Sylvaine, Lagadec, Erwan, Gomard, Yann, Le Minter, Gildas, Rocamora, Gérard, Guernier-Cambert, Vanina, Mélade, Julien, Dellagi, Koussay, Tortosa, Pablo, and Herbreteau, Vincent
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ENVIRONMENTAL indicators , *LEPTOSPIROSIS , *ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring , *RATTUS rattus , *RODENTS , *RATS , *POSTURE , *CONTACT tracing - Abstract
Leptospirosis, an environmental infectious disease of bacterial origin, is the infectious disease with the highest associated mortality in Seychelles. In small island territories, the occurrence of the disease is spatially heterogeneous and a better understanding of the environmental factors that contribute to the presence of the bacteria would help implement targeted control. The present study aimed at identifying the main environmental parameters correlated with animal reservoirs distribution and Leptospira infection in order to delineate habitats with highest prevalence. We used a previously published dataset produced from a large collection of rodents trapped during the dry and wet seasons in most habitats of Mahé, the main island of Seychelles. A land use/land cover analysis was realized in order to describe the various environments using SPOT-5 images by remote sensing (object-based image analysis). At each sampling site, landscape indices were calculated and combined with other geographical parameters together with rainfall records to be used in a multivariate statistical analysis. Several environmental factors were found to be associated with the carriage of leptospires in Rattus rattus and Rattus norvegicus, namely low elevations, fragmented landscapes, the proximity of urbanized areas, an increased distance from forests and, above all, increased precipitation in the three months preceding trapping. The analysis indicated that Leptospira renal carriage could be predicted using the species identification and a description of landscape fragmentation and rainfall, with infection prevalence being positively correlated with these two environmental variables. This model may help decision makers in implementing policies affecting urban landscapes and/or in balancing conservation efforts when designing pest control strategies that should also aim at reducing human contact with Leptospira-laden rats while limiting their impact on the autochthonous fauna. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Erratum: Human papillomavirus genotype detection and viral load in paired genital and urine samples from both females and males.
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Bissett, Sara L., Howell-Jones, Rebecca, Swift, Craig, De Silva, Natasha, Biscornet, Leon, Parry, John V., Saunders, Nicholas A., Nathan, Mayura, Soldan, Kate, Szarewski, Anne, Cuzick, Jack, and Beddows, Simon
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. The evolving SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Africa: Insights from rapidly expanding genomic surveillance.
- Author
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Tegally H, San JE, Cotten M, Moir M, Tegomoh B, Mboowa G, Martin DP, Baxter C, Lambisia AW, Diallo A, Amoako DG, Diagne MM, Sisay A, Zekri AN, Gueye AS, Sangare AK, Ouedraogo AS, Sow A, Musa AO, Sesay AK, Abias AG, Elzagheid AI, Lagare A, Kemi AS, Abar AE, Johnson AA, Fowotade A, Oluwapelumi AO, Amuri AA, Juru A, Kandeil A, Mostafa A, Rebai A, Sayed A, Kazeem A, Balde A, Christoffels A, Trotter AJ, Campbell A, Keita AK, Kone A, Bouzid A, Souissi A, Agweyu A, Naguib A, Gutierrez AV, Nkeshimana A, Page AJ, Yadouleton A, Vinze A, Happi AN, Chouikha A, Iranzadeh A, Maharaj A, Batchi-Bouyou AL, Ismail A, Sylverken AA, Goba A, Femi A, Sijuwola AE, Marycelin B, Salako BL, Oderinde BS, Bolajoko B, Diarra B, Herring BL, Tsofa B, Lekana-Douki B, Mvula B, Njanpop-Lafourcade BM, Marondera BT, Khaireh BA, Kouriba B, Adu B, Pool B, McInnis B, Brook C, Williamson C, Nduwimana C, Anscombe C, Pratt CB, Scheepers C, Akoua-Koffi CG, Agoti CN, Mapanguy CM, Loucoubar C, Onwuamah CK, Ihekweazu C, Malaka CN, Peyrefitte C, Grace C, Omoruyi CE, Rafaï CD, Morang'a CM, Erameh C, Lule DB, Bridges DJ, Mukadi-Bamuleka D, Park D, Rasmussen DA, Baker D, Nokes DJ, Ssemwanga D, Tshiabuila D, Amuzu DSY, Goedhals D, Grant DS, Omuoyo DO, Maruapula D, Wanjohi DW, Foster-Nyarko E, Lusamaki EK, Simulundu E, Ong'era EM, Ngabana EN, Abworo EO, Otieno E, Shumba E, Barasa E, Ahmed EB, Ahmed EA, Lokilo E, Mukantwari E, Philomena E, Belarbi E, Simon-Loriere E, Anoh EA, Manuel E, Leendertz F, Taweh FM, Wasfi F, Abdelmoula F, Takawira FT, Derrar F, Ajogbasile FV, Treurnicht F, Onikepe F, Ntoumi F, Muyembe FM, Ragomzingba FEZ, Dratibi FA, Iyanu FA, Mbunsu GK, Thilliez G, Kay GL, Akpede GO, van Zyl GU, Awandare GA, Kpeli GS, Schubert G, Maphalala GP, Ranaivoson HC, Omunakwe HE, Onywera H, Abe H, Karray H, Nansumba H, Triki H, Kadjo HAA, Elgahzaly H, Gumbo H, Mathieu H, Kavunga-Membo H, Smeti I, Olawoye IB, Adetifa IMO, Odia I, Ben Boubaker IB, Muhammad IA, Ssewanyana I, Wurie I, Konstantinus IS, Halatoko JWA, Ayei J, Sonoo J, Makangara JC, Tamfum JM, Heraud JM, Shaffer JG, Giandhari J, Musyoki J, Nkurunziza J, Uwanibe JN, Bhiman JN, Yasuda J, Morais J, Kiconco J, Sandi JD, Huddleston J, Odoom JK, Morobe JM, Gyapong JO, Kayiwa JT, Okolie JC, Xavier JS, Gyamfi J, Wamala JF, Bonney JHK, Nyandwi J, Everatt J, Nakaseegu J, Ngoi JM, Namulondo J, Oguzie JU, Andeko JC, Lutwama JJ, Mogga JJH, O'Grady J, Siddle KJ, Victoir K, Adeyemi KT, Tumedi KA, Carvalho KS, Mohammed KS, Dellagi K, Musonda KG, Duedu KO, Fki-Berrajah L, Singh L, Kepler LM, Biscornet L, de Oliveira Martins L, Chabuka L, Olubayo L, Ojok LD, Deng LL, Ochola-Oyier LI, Tyers L, Mine M, Ramuth M, Mastouri M, ElHefnawi M, Mbanne M, Matsheka MI, Kebabonye M, Diop M, Momoh M, Lima Mendonça MDL, Venter M, Paye MF, Faye M, Nyaga MM, Mareka M, Damaris MM, Mburu MW, Mpina MG, Owusu M, Wiley MR, Tatfeng MY, Ayekaba MO, Abouelhoda M, Beloufa MA, Seadawy MG, Khalifa MK, Matobo MM, Kane M, Salou M, Mbulawa MB, Mwenda M, Allam M, Phan MVT, Abid N, Rujeni N, Abuzaid N, Ismael N, Elguindy N, Top NM, Dia N, Mabunda N, Hsiao NY, Silochi NB, Francisco NM, Saasa N, Bbosa N, Murunga N, Gumede N, Wolter N, Sitharam N, Ndodo N, Ajayi NA, Tordo N, Mbhele N, Razanajatovo NH, Iguosadolo N, Mba N, Kingsley OC, Sylvanus O, Femi O, Adewumi OM, Testimony O, Ogunsanya OA, Fakayode O, Ogah OE, Oludayo OE, Faye O, Smith-Lawrence P, Ondoa P, Combe P, Nabisubi P, Semanda P, Oluniyi PE, Arnaldo P, Quashie PK, Okokhere PO, Bejon P, Dussart P, Bester PA, Mbala PK, Kaleebu P, Abechi P, El-Shesheny R, Joseph R, Aziz RK, Essomba RG, Ayivor-Djanie R, Njouom R, Phillips RO, Gorman R, Kingsley RA, Neto Rodrigues RMDESA, Audu RA, Carr RAA, Gargouri S, Masmoudi S, Bootsma S, Sankhe S, Mohamed SI, Femi S, Mhalla S, Hosch S, Kassim SK, Metha S, Trabelsi S, Agwa SH, Mwangi SW, Doumbia S, Makiala-Mandanda S, Aryeetey S, Ahmed SS, Ahmed SM, Elhamoumi S, Moyo S, Lutucuta S, Gaseitsiwe S, Jalloh S, Andriamandimby SF, Oguntope S, Grayo S, Lekana-Douki S, Prosolek S, Ouangraoua S, van Wyk S, Schaffner SF, Kanyerezi S, Ahuka-Mundeke S, Rudder S, Pillay S, Nabadda S, Behillil S, Budiaki SL, van der Werf S, Mashe T, Mohale T, Le-Viet T, Velavan TP, Schindler T, Maponga TG, Bedford T, Anyaneji UJ, Chinedu U, Ramphal U, George UE, Enouf V, Nene V, Gorova V, Roshdy WH, Karim WA, Ampofo WK, Preiser W, Choga WT, Ahmed YA, Ramphal Y, Bediako Y, Naidoo Y, Butera Y, de Laurent ZR, Ouma AEO, von Gottberg A, Githinji G, Moeti M, Tomori O, Sabeti PC, Sall AA, Oyola SO, Tebeje YK, Tessema SK, de Oliveira T, Happi C, Lessells R, Nkengasong J, and Wilkinson E
- Subjects
- Africa epidemiology, Genomics, Humans, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 virology, Epidemiological Monitoring, Pandemics, SARS-CoV-2 genetics
- Abstract
Investment in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequencing in Africa over the past year has led to a major increase in the number of sequences that have been generated and used to track the pandemic on the continent, a number that now exceeds 100,000 genomes. Our results show an increase in the number of African countries that are able to sequence domestically and highlight that local sequencing enables faster turnaround times and more-regular routine surveillance. Despite limitations of low testing proportions, findings from this genomic surveillance study underscore the heterogeneous nature of the pandemic and illuminate the distinct dispersal dynamics of variants of concern-particularly Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron-on the continent. Sustained investment for diagnostics and genomic surveillance in Africa is needed as the virus continues to evolve while the continent faces many emerging and reemerging infectious disease threats. These investments are crucial for pandemic preparedness and response and will serve the health of the continent well into the 21st century.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Genomic Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Seychelles, 2020-2021.
- Author
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Morobe JM, Pool B, Marie L, Didon D, Lambisia AW, Makori T, Mohammed KS, de Laurent ZR, Ndwiga L, Mburu MW, Moraa E, Murunga N, Musyoki J, Mwacharo J, Nyamako L, Riako D, Ephnatus P, Gambo F, Naimani J, Namulondo J, Tembo SZ, Ogendi E, Balde T, Dratibi FA, Yahaya AA, Gumede N, Achilla RA, Borus PK, Wanjohi DW, Tessema SK, Mwangangi J, Bejon P, Nokes DJ, Ochola-Oyier LI, Githinji G, Biscornet L, and Agoti CN
- Subjects
- Genomics, Humans, Seychelles epidemiology, COVID-19 epidemiology, SARS-CoV-2 genetics
- Abstract
Seychelles, an archipelago of 155 islands in the Indian Ocean, had confirmed 24,788 cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by the 31st of December 2021. The first SARS-CoV-2 cases in Seychelles were reported on the 14th of March 2020, but cases remained low until January 2021, when a surge was observed. Here, we investigated the potential drivers of the surge by genomic analysis of 1056 SARS-CoV-2 positive samples collected in Seychelles between 14 March 2020 and 31 December 2021. The Seychelles genomes were classified into 32 Pango lineages, 1042 of which fell within four variants of concern, i.e., Alpha, Beta, Delta and Omicron. Sporadic cases of SARS-CoV-2 detected in Seychelles in 2020 were mainly of lineage B.1 (lineage predominantly observed in Europe) but this lineage was rapidly replaced by Beta variant starting January 2021, and which was also subsequently replaced by the Delta variant in May 2021 that dominated till November 2021 when Omicron cases were identified. Using the ancestral state reconstruction approach, we estimated that at least 78 independent SARS-CoV-2 introduction events occurred in Seychelles during the study period. The majority of viral introductions into Seychelles occurred in 2021, despite substantial COVID-19 restrictions in place during this period. We conclude that the surge of SARS-CoV-2 cases in Seychelles in January 2021 was primarily due to the introduction of more transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variants into the islands.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Complete Genome Sequences of Dengue Virus Type 2 Epidemic Strains from Reunion Island and the Seychelles.
- Author
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Pascalis H, Biscornet L, Toty C, Hafsia S, Roche M, Desprès P, Atyame Nten C, Bibi J, Louange M, Gedeon J, and Mavingui P
- Abstract
Dengue virus has recently reemerged in the southern Indian Ocean islands, causing outbreaks in Reunion Island and the Seychelles. In the present study, we determined the complete genome sequences of closely related clinical isolates of dengue virus type 2 circulating in the Seychelles in 2016 and Reunion Island in 2018., (Copyright © 2020 Pascalis et al.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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