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Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive restructuring training on the rumination of adolescent girls suffering from self-harm. Methods: The semi-experimental research method was pre-test-post-test and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of this research was all female students suffering from self-injury, age range 15-18 years old in Baharestan schools in 2023. The number of 54 people who had self-harm in the last 6 months and had visited the counseling clinics were selected, and they were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups by accessible sampling method. The research tools included the rumination scale (Nolen-Hoeksma and Maro, 1991) and ISAS self-injury test. The subjects of the experimental group underwent eight 90-minute sessions of cognitive restructuring training, and the control group did not receive any intervention, and a follow-up was done after one month. Multivariate covariance analysis was used to analyze the data. Results: After examining the assumptions of multivariate covariance analysis, the test results showed that there is a significant difference between rumination of two groups (p

Abstract Background Cognitive flexibility is an important construct that contributes to one’s own thoughts, behaviors, and feelings to achieve his or her goals. Thus, it could play an essential role in students’ educational achievements. This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of cognitive flexibility in the relationship between self-regulation and resilience among students. Method This was a cross-sectional study conducted on a sample of students during the 2022 and 2023 academic years. Students were selected from Tehran and Karaj universities (two metropolitans in central Iran). Data collection instruments included the Bouffard’s Self-Regulation Scale, the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI), and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RSC). Subsequently, the data were analyzed using structural equation modeling via SPSS and AMOS software to examine the relationships among variables. Results In all 302 students participated in the study. The mean age of students was 25.8 (SD = 4.05) years. The findings indicated that self-regulation had a marked positive direct effect on cognitive flexibility (β = 0.23, p

Abstract Background Hip dysplasia is a condition where the acetabulum is too shallow to support the femoral head and is commonly considered a risk factor for hip osteoarthritis. The objective of this study was to develop a deep learning model to diagnose hip dysplasia from plain radiographs and classify dysplastic hips based on their severity. Methods We collected pelvic radiographs of 571 patients from two single-center cohorts and one multicenter cohort. The radiographs were split in half to create hip radiographs (n = 1022). One orthopaedic surgeon and one resident assessed the radiographs for hip dysplasia on either side. We used the center edge (CE) angle as the primary diagnostic criteria. Hips with a CE angle 25° were labeled as dysplastic, borderline, and normal, respectively. The dysplastic hips were also classified with both Crowe and Hartofilakidis classification of dysplasia. The dataset was divided into train, validation, and test subsets using 80:10:10 split-ratio that were used to train two deep learning models to classify images into normal, borderline and (1) Crowe grade 1–4 or (2) Hartofilakidis grade 1–3. A pre-trained on Imagenet VGG16 convolutional neural network (CNN) was utilized by performing layer-wise fine-turning. Results Both models struggled with distinguishing between normal and borderline hips. However, achieved high accuracy (Model 1: 92.2% and Model 2: 83.3%) in distinguishing between normal/borderline vs. dysplastic hips. The overall accuracy of Model 1 was 68% and for Model 2 73.5%. Most misclassifications for the Crowe and Hartofilakidis classifications were +/- 1 class from the correct class. Conclusions This pilot study shows promising results that a deep learning model distinguish between normal and dysplastic hips with high accuracy. Future research and external validation are warranted regarding the ability of deep learning models to perform complex tasks such as identifying and classifying disorders using plain radiographs. Level of Evidence Diagnostic level IV

This paper expresses economic flexible–securable operation (EFSO) in smart distribution networks (SDNs), including distributed generation and storage systems to produce green energy. This is structured as an optimization formulation to obtain a minimum expected operation cost, constrained by optimal power flow, environmental, security, and flexibility limits. Also, mathematical expressions of power sources and storage are presented. The scheme considers uncertainties related to load, price of energy, and generation power of renewable sources. The work adopts the point estimation method (PEM)-based stochastic optimization to model the uncertainties. It also uses to evaluate the flexibility index accurately while requiring short computation time (among the objectives of power system operation). Then, the results demonstrate its capabilities in enhancing various aspects of the network, including economic, environmental, operational, security, and flexibility indicators. The design helps derive flexibility conditions of almost 100%. It improves the operating cost, energy loss, voltage deviation, amount of pollution emission, and voltage security index by approximately 23%, 29%, 47%, 51%, and 13% compared with power flow studies.

In this paper, we proposed the distributed quantization and sparsity aware zero attracting least mean square (DQA-ZA-LMS) and its reweighted version (DQA-RZA-LMS) algorithms that can perform sparse spectrum sensing with the lowest power possible. The usage of the quantization aware diffusion adaptive networks has recently been proposed and they can be used in many possible mobile communicative applications. The sparsity aware feature of the proposed algorithm can help the network to track and estimate sparse random vectors that are shown to be the case with the spectrum of the new generation wireless communication systems such as 4G, 5G, 6G, and beyond. The spectrum sensing is considered in this paper to be performed by small cell eNode Bs (SC-eNBs) for the 4th generation long term evolution (LTE) and the next generation eNB (ng-eNB) networks for the 5th and 6th generation mobile communication systems that are scattered in an area collecting distributed quantized data from the environment and working collaboratively to estimate the sparse spectrum vectors. Our findings show that in comparison with the nonquantized version of the distributed ZA-LMS (DZA-LMS) and distributed regularized ZA-LMS (DRZA-LMS) algorithms, our proposed schemes perform considerably well using the quantized data and also reduce power consumption.

Abstract Background BASHTI is an implant-less anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction technique, which resolves the problems caused by implants such as interference screws. This study aims to investigate the effect of the drill bit and tendon’s diameter on the Core Bone Engaged Length (CBEL) and the fixation strength. CBEL is the length of core bone which has a full engagement with both tunnel and graft at the same time. Methods 60 in-vitro tests were conducted for 6, 7, 8, and 9 mm tendon sizes with a 10 mm bone tunnel. In this study bovine tendons and dummy bone blocks were used to model the fixation. Drill bits were used to extract the core bone for securing the auto-graft. A three-stage tensile test including a force-controlled cyclical preloading of 10–50 N with a frequency of 0.1 Hz for 10 cycles, followed by the main force-controlled cyclical loading of 50–200 N with a frequency of 0.5 Hz for 150 cycles, and immediately a displacement-controlled single cycle pull-out load with a rate of 20 mm/min were carried out to discover the fixation strength of each sample. Results The 6 mm group had the greatest CBEL. However, all cases in this group failed in loadings below 200 N, which is the minimum required strength after ACL reconstruction. The fixation strength of cases with more than 200 N fixation strength for 7, 8, and 9 mm tendon diameters were 275 ± 42, 330 ± 110, and 348 ± 93 N, respectively, showing insignificant difference between groups (P-value = 0.45). Nevertheless, CBELs for these groups were 16.6 ± 3.4, 9.6 ± 2.4, and 11.7 ± 3.8 mm, respectively, implying a significant increase in CBEL in the 7 mm group than that for 8 and 9 mm groups (P-value = 0.002 and 0.049, respectively). Conclusion Results showed that CBEL could assess the quality of BASHTI technique. However, CBEL was an inverse function of tendon compression, so it was not an independent parameter to determine BASHTI strength. Also, the CBEL of 7 mm group which fulfilled the 200 N threshold was higher than that of 8 and 9 mm groups, so its healing process speed may be higher, which is recommended for a future study in this field.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the most effective coping mechanism to deal with auditory hallucinations that reduces the frequency of voice-hearing and associated distress. In the present randomized controlled trial, each of the three coping mechanisms of attentional avoidance, attentional focusing, and mindfulness were used in one group and the fourth group was the control group. Method: A total of 64 patients with schizophrenia, categorized in three groups of attentional avoidance, attentional focusing and mindfulness and one control group, were asked to listen to an ambiguous auditory task depending on the type of their coping mechanism. After determining the baseline of distress, the task was performed in duplicate for each group. After playing the auditory task for the first time, participants were asked to rate out the level of their distress and compliance with instructions, and they were asked to estimate the likely number of words they had heard. After the second time, they were asked to note the words they hear during the task and rate out their distress and compliance with instructions again at the end of the task. Results: There was a significant difference between groups in terms of distress with a medium effect size of 0.47. The post hoc analysis revealed that mindfulness group reported less distress compared to the attentional focusing group (P = 0.017) and the control group (P = 0.027). Also, a significant difference existed between groups in terms of the frequency of the identified words, with a moderately strong effect size of 0.59, and a very good statistical power of 0.99. The post hoc analysis showed that attentional avoidance (P = 0.013) and attentional focusing (P = 0.011) groups heard fewer words than the control group. Conclusion: Attention is a good target for treating psychotic patients with auditory hallucinations. Also, manipulation of attention can affect the frequency of auditory hallucinations and associated distress.

Point of common coupling (PCC) arrays are the most prominent and widely-used intermittent distributed generations (DGs). Due to the right-of-way, environmental, economical and other restrictions, the connection of these types of DGs to the preferred point of the distribution network is very difficult or impossible in some cases. Therefore, because of non-optimal locations, they may cause a voltage rise at the PCC. In this paper, a coordinated design of switchable capacitor banks (SCBs) with dynamic reconfiguration of the distribution network is proposed to avoid low- and high-voltage violations. The distribution network reconfiguration is implemented to mitigate the voltage rise at PCCs and capacitor banks (CBs) to solve the low-voltage problem. A novel method is presented for determining the optimal size of CBs. The proposed capacitor sizing method (CSM) effectively determines the optimal values of reactive power for the given nodes. The optimal locations of SCB are determined using particle swarm optimization algorithm. The 24-hour reactive power curve optimized by the proposed method plays a pivotal role in designing SCBs. The simulation results show that the implementation of the dynamic network reconfiguration and the placement of SCB is required to maintain a standard voltage profile for better employment of DG embedded distribution networks.

Highlights Developing an organic implant-less technique which has numerous clinical advantages Comparing this novel technique with interference screw technique Implementing synthetic Sawbones blocks to have a controlled study Selecting the best fixation condition for this novel technique

Abstract Introduction Social-economic factors have an important role in shaping inequality in congenital heart diseases. The current study aimed to assess and decompose the socio-economic inequality in Congenital Heart Diseases (CHDs) in Iran. Methods This is a cross-sectional research conducted at Shahid Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center in Tehran, Iran, as one of the largest referral heart hospitals in Asia. Data were collected primarily from 600 mothers who attended in pediatric cardiology department in 2020. The polychoric principal component analysis (PCA) and Errygers corrected CI (ECI) were used to construct household socioeconomic status and to assess inequality in CHDs, respectively. A regression-based decomposition analysis was also applied to explain socioeconomic-related inequalities. To select the explanatory social, medical/biological, and lifestyle variables, the chi-square test was first used. Results There was a significant pro-rich inequality in CHDs (ECI = -0.65, 95% CI, − 0.72 to − 0.58). The social, medical/biological, and lifestyle variables accounted for 51.47, 43.25, and 3.92% of inequality in CHDs, respectively. Among the social variables, family SES (about 50%) and mother’s occupation (21.05%) contributed the most to CHDs’ inequality. Besides, in the medical/biological group, receiving pregnancy care (22.06%) and using acid folic (15.70%) had the highest contribution. Conclusion We concluded that Iran suffers from substantial socioeconomic inequality in CHDs that can be predominantly explained by social and medical/biological variables. It seems that distributional policies aim to reduce income inequality while increasing access of prenatal care and folic acid for disadvantaged mothers could address this inequality much more strongly in Iran.

Abstract Background: Identifying ethnic and personality facilitation factors in drug use help to better diagnose and treat addiction identifying facilitation factors. It provides timely counseling, and psychological services can be partially preventable for addicts. This study aimed to investigate factors facilitating drug use based on ethnic and personality characteristics of Guilan province using the Cloninger personality system. Materials and Methods: The study population consisted of four subcultures of Guilak, Talesh (Turk), Kord and others called Fars. The sampling method in this study was a mixed-method; the sample size was at least 200 people. The present study used data in the field section of Cloninger's personality and character questionnaire to determine personality components and their relationship. They were used with current norms. This study used in-depth interviews, observation and review of documents (questionnaires) and conventional oral literature on drug use. Results: This study showed that between ethnic facilitation factors (drug and drug counseling, folk beliefs in oral literature, and beliefs about rituals and companionship) and personality traits (nature and character), except the avoidance factor at the significant level of 0.01, there was a significant and positive relationship. Variables of personality traits/"nature and character" and components of perseverance, novelty, reward-dependence, self-direction, cooperation can predict common beliefs in the propensity to medication and therapy. The personality facilitator variable of "nature and character" and all its components, except for themselves, was able to predict the popular beliefs existing in oral literature. The personality facilitator variable of "nature and character" and the components of novelty, reward-dependence, and cooperation could predict common beliefs about rituals and companionship. Conclusion: Research showed a significant relationship between ethnicity and propensity for drug and drug counseling, popular beliefs in oral literature, and celebration and celebration beliefs.

In this paper, we proposed the distributed quantization and sparsity aware zero attracting least mean square (DQA‐ZA‐LMS) and its reweighted version (DQA‐RZA‐LMS) algorithms that can perform sparse spectrum sensing with the lowest power possible. The usage of the quantization aware diffusion adaptive networks has recently been proposed and they can be used in many possible mobile communicative applications. The sparsity aware feature of the proposed algorithm can help the network to track and estimate sparse random vectors that are shown to be the case with the spectrum of the new generation wireless communication systems such as 4G, 5G, 6G, and beyond. The spectrum sensing is considered in this paper to be performed by small cell eNode Bs (SC‐eNBs) for the 4th generation long term evolution (LTE) and the next generation eNB (ng‐eNB) networks for the 5th and 6th generation mobile communication systems that are scattered in an area collecting distributed quantized data from the environment and working collaboratively to estimate the sparse spectrum vectors. Our findings show that in comparison with the nonquantized version of the distributed ZA‐LMS (DZA‐LMS) and distributed regularized ZA‐LMS (DRZA‐LMS) algorithms, our proposed schemes perform considerably well using the quantized data and also reduce power consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Social anxiety disorder (SAD) can negatively impact various aspects of life, incurring significant personal and societal costs. Thus, it is necessary to identify protective factors that buffer against SAD symptoms and the mechanisms underlying their mitigation. This research aims to examine the relationship between self-compassion and social anxiety symptoms... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background This study aims to design and validate ten projective images of Young’s Early Maladaptive Schema (EMS) domains. For this purpose, two questions are to be addressed. (1) How is the factorial structure of the projective images of EMS domains? (2) Do the images designed in the domains of disconnection and rejection, impaired autonomy and performance, impaired limits, other-directedness, and over-vigilance and inhibition have sufficient validity? Methods This is an applied mixed-methods exploratory study, in which the statistical population consisted of psychologists from Tehran Province in the qualitative section (n = 8) as well as other individuals aged between 18 and 65 years (mean age = 33) from Qazvin in the quantitative section (n = 102) in 2018. The research questions were analyzed through principal axis factoring with a varimax rotation, confirmatory factor analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Cronbach’s alpha. Results According to the results, ten images and five domains of Young’s EMSs contribute to a simple structure. Accounting for 70.35% of the total variance of EMSs, the five dimensions include disconnection and rejection, impaired autonomy and performance, impaired limits, other-directedness, and over-vigilance and inhibition. Conclusions The results indicated that the designed projective images yielded acceptable construct validity.

Abstract Purpose Core Bone Plug Fixation (CBPF) technique is an implant‐less methodology for ACL reconstruction. This study investigates the effect of bone density on CBPF stability to identify the bone quality that is likely to benefit from this technique. Methods Artificial blocks with 160 (Group 1), 240 (Group 2), and 320 (Group 3) kg/m3 densities were used to simulate human bone with diverse qualities. These groups are representative of the elderly, middle age and young people, respectively. A tunnel was made in each test sample using a cannulated drill bit which enabled harvesting the core bone plug intact. Fresh animal tendon grafts were prepared and passed through the tunnel, so the core bone was pushed in to secure the tendon. The fixation stability was tested by applying a cyclic load following by a pullout load until the failure occurred. The selected group was compared with interference screw fixation technique as a gold standard method in ACL reconstruction. Results The Group 2 stiffness and yield strength were significantly larger than Group 1. The graft slippage of Group 1 was significantly less than Group 3. The ultimate strengths were 310 N and 363 N, in Groups 2 and 3, significantly larger than that of Group 1. The ultimate strength in fixation by interference screw was 693.18 N, significantly larger than the bone plug method. Conclusions The stability of CBPF was greatly affected by bone density. This technique is more suitable for young and middle‐aged people. With further improvements, the CBPF might be an alternative ACL reconstruction technique for patients with good bone quality. Clinical relevance The CBPF technique offers an implant‐less organic ACL reconstruction technique with numerous advantages and likely would speed up the healing process by using the patient’s own bones and tissues rather than any non‐biologic fixations.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive restructuring training on emotional regulation of teenage girls suffering from self-injury. Methods: The semi-experimental research method was pre-test-post-test and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of this research was all female students suffering from self-injury, age range 15-18 years old in Baharestan schools in 2022. The number of 54 people who had self-injury in the last 6 months and had visited the counseling clinics were selected, and they were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups by accessible sampling method. The research tools included the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) and the ISAS self-injury test. The subjects of the experimental group underwent eight 90-minute sessions of cognitive restructuring training, and the control group did not receive any intervention, and a follow-up was done after one month. Multivariate covariance analysis was used to analyze the data. Results: After examining the presuppositions of the multivariate covariance analysis, the test results showed that there was a significance difference between the two groups in emotion regulation strategies (p<0.01. Conclusions: According to the findings of the research, it can be concluded that cognitive reconstruction is effective and has improved the emotion regulation strategies of adolescent girls suffering from self-injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive restructuring training on the rumination of adolescent girls suffering from self-harm. Methods: The semi-experimental research method was pre-test-post-test and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of this research was all female students suffering from self-injury, age range 15-18 years old in Baharestan schools in 2023. The number of 54 people who had self-harm in the last 6 months and had visited the counseling clinics were selected, and they were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups by accessible sampling method. The research tools included the rumination scale (Nolen-Hoeksma and Maro, 1991) and ISAS self-injury test. The subjects of the experimental group underwent eight 90-minute sessions of cognitive restructuring training, and the control group did not receive any intervention, and a follow-up was done after one month. Multivariate covariance analysis was used to analyze the data. Results: After examining the assumptions of multivariate covariance analysis, the test results showed that there is a significant difference between rumination of two groups (p<0.01), also the effect size shows that group membership accounts for 36.4% of the changes in egocentered rumination explains 39.5% of symptom-oriented rumination changes and 29.9% of antecedent/consequence-oriented rumination changes. Conclusions: According to these findings, it can be concluded that cognitive rehabilitation is effective and has reduced the rumination of girls suffering from self-injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Drug dependence is one of the most important public health problems in societies. The purpose of the research was to develop a model for the return of addiction based on the components of perceived parenting practices, coping styles and hidden propensities in recovered without return and recovered returns. Materials and Methods: The statistical population of this study consisted of all recovered clinics and drug addiction treatment centers in Gilan province (North of Iran) in the 2016-17. After passing the treatment period from the discharge center and obtaining a treatment period certificate, the health card they received at least one year of recovery when they performed this research. The sample group, which consisted of 300 patients aged 18 to 35 years with substance abuse history, were selected through available sampling method in two groups. In this research, in addition to obtaining personal information and obtaining a return status report, 5 tools were used as follows: perceived parenting skills questionnaire, coping skills scale, Adlerian basic scale for interpersonal success of adult version, opinion questionnaire Tempting, and perceived stress questionnaires. Data analyzed with LISREL software. Results: The path and probabilistic relationships between the phenomena were studied. Based on matrix analysis, variance, covariance and correlation matrix, we investigated the possible relationships between the phenomena studied paid. The path analysis was used to determine the model. There was a positive and significant relationship between perceived parenting style, lifestyle, coping styles, tempting beliefs and general stress with returning to addiction. Conclusion: To return of addiction we proposed use of perceived parenting style, lifestyle, coping styles, tempting beliefs and general stress.

The quality of life is mainly measured by multiple conceptual frameworks which neglect the cultural-religious context of the societies. Hence, there is not a unique instrument to assess life quality. The present study strives to develop and validate a quality of life questionnaire in light of Javadi Amoli’s view. In this study, the researcher-made questionnaire has been answered by 400 bachelor students. Javadi Amoli’s books have been consulted for developing the questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire has been confirmed by content validity, face validity and, construct validity (using factor analysis and measuring correlation of identified components with total questionnaire). After ensuring content validity and consulting Bartlett's test and Kaiser-Mayer-Olkin index, factor analysis has been performed using principal component analysis and varimax rotation. The results oriented toward four dimensions as God, others, self, and nature which explained 36.5% of the variance. The reliability of the questionnaire has been measured using split-half method and Cronbach's alpha, and reported as 0.63 and 0.89, respectively. The reliability of the extracted dimensions has been 0.87, 0.88, 0.80, and 0.81, respectively. Accordingly, findings of the present research acknowledges the questionnaire to be purposeful and efficient.

Introduction: MRI is the modality of choice for cartilage imaging, however, its diagnostic performance is variable. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate whether deep learning can be utilized to accurately identify cartilage defects when applied to the interpretation of knee MRI images and compare deep learning's performance to that of an orthopaedic trainee and an orthopaedic surgeon. Methods: We analyzed data from patients who underwent knee MRI evaluation and subsequent arthroscopic knee surgery (207 with-, 90 without cartilage defect). Patients' arthroscopic findings were compared to preoperative MRI images to verify the presence or absence of isolated tibiofemoral cartilage defects. For each patient, the most representative MRI image slice of the patient's condition was selected (defect or no-defect) from a coronal- and sagittal view. We developed three convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to analyze the images: CNN-1 trained on the images of the sagittal and coronal views; CNN-2 trained on the images of the sagittal view; CNN-3 trained on the images of the coronal view. We implemented image-specific saliency maps to visualize the CNNs decision-making process. The same test dataset images were then provided to an experienced orthopaedic surgeon and an orthopaedic trainee. Results: Saliency maps demonstrated that the CNNs learned to focus on the clinically relevant areas of the MRI. The CNN-1 achieved higher performance (sensitivity-86.96, specificity-100%, positive predictive value [PPV]-100%, negative predictive value [NPV]-66.67%) than the orthopaedic surgeon (sensitivity-82.61%, specificity-83.33%, PPV- 95%, NPV-55.56%), Conclusions: CNN can be used to enhance the diagnostic performance of MRI in identifying isolated tibiofemoral cartilage defects.

Evolutionary definitions of altruism are only concerned with reproductive consequences and not motives or other psychological mechanisms, making them ideal for generalization to all forms of organisms. Hamilton’s inclusive fitness theory explains altruistic behavior toward genetic relatives and has generated extensive empirical support. Trivers’ theory of reciprocal altruism helps explain patterns of helping among non-kin, and other research has demonstrated that human helping intentions follow fitness consequences from age-based reproductive value on altruism. The current study examines a novel psychological factor, belief in the afterlife, which may influence altruistic helping intentions. Belief in the afterlife was incorporated into a previous study design assessing the effects of a target’s genetic relatedness and age-based reproductive value. The influences of inclusive fitness and target age were reproduced in a non-Western sample of participants ( N = 300) in Iran. Belief in the afterlife predicted the overall confidence of risking one’s life to save another across all targets, and also moderated the effects of genetic relatedness and target age. Rather than promoting altruism equitably or advantaging those favored by adaptive tendencies, higher belief in an afterlife aligned with these tendencies in promoting further favoritism toward close kin and younger targets with higher reproductive value.

Additively manufactured (AM) metamaterials with unparallel mechanical and biological properties have been of interest for many biomedical, aerospace, and defense applications. In this study, new findings on the structure-property relationships of a specific class of AM meta-biomaterials based on minimal surfaces which have not been well understood previously (i.e., Primitive and Schoen-IWP (IWP)) are presented. Biocompatible Ti-6Al-4V meta-biomaterials based on Primitive and IWP topologies, with three different morphological properties for each, were designed and fabricated via laser powder bed fusion technique. The microstructure, morphological, quasi-static compressive, flexural properties, and fracture mechanisms of the designed meta-biomaterials are thoroughly evaluated. Studied meta-biomaterials exhibited distinct fracture mechanisms under flexural loading depending on their topology; crack growth path was either zigzag (i.e., deflected) or straight. Additionally, Primitive meta-biomaterials exhibited ductile material behavior, under both compressive and flexural loading conditions, with pore size, porosity, and elastic gradient similar to the trabecular bone (850–1020 μm, 40–64%, and 3200–6000 MPa). However, IWP meta-biomaterials showed brittle behavior with porosity and elastic gradient closer to cortical bone (20–42% and 7000–13,000 MPa). These outcomes indicate that both mechanical behavior and fracture mechanisms of meta-biomaterials can be controlled based on topology and morphology.

Introduction. Mortality due to noncommunicable diseases has increased in the world today with the advent of demographic shifts, growing age, and lifestyle patterns in the world, which have been affected by economic and social crises. Congenital heart defects are one of the forms of diseases that have raised infant mortality worldwide. The objective of present study was to identify nonmedical determinants related to this abnormality from the mother’s perspectives. Methods. This research was a qualitative study and the data collection method was a semistructured interview with mothers who had children with congenital heart diseases referring to the Shahid Rajaei Heart Hospital in Tehran, Iran. A thematic analysis approach was employed to analyze transcribed documents assisted by MAXQDA Plus version 12. Results. Four general themes and ten subthemes including social contexts (social harms, social interactions, and social necessities), psychological contexts (mood disorders and mental well-being), cultural contexts (unhealthy lifestyle, family culture, and poor parental health behaviors), and environmental contexts (living area and polluted air) were extracted from interviews with mothers of children with congenital heart diseases. Conclusions. Results suggest that factors such as childhood poverty, lack of parental awareness of congenital diseases, lack of proper nutrition and health facilities, education, and lack of medical supervision during pregnancy were most related with the birth of children with congenital heart disease from mothers’ prospective. In this regard, targeted and intersectorial collaborations are proposed to address nonmedical determinants related to the incidence of congenital heart diseases.

Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common chronic diseases of the central nervous system. This disease can deeply affect patient’s occupational and social activities. The goal of this psychological intervention is to help these people cope up correctly and efficiently with the challenges posed by this disease. Objectives: This paper aims to investigate the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) in pain control in a group of women with multiple sclerosis. Materials & Methods: The present controlled semi-experimental study was conducted on a statistical population of women with MS in the Sari MS society during 2014-2015. Eighteen subjects were selected using the convenience sampling and assigned to either control or the experimental group. The experimental group was treated by ACT for 8 weeks (weekly 2 hours). Before the treatment, just after the treatment completion and, after one and a half months of the follow-up period, the assessment was performed. Experimental group data collection tools comprised of the Nicholas’ Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ). Statistical covariance tests were used to analyze the results in the SPSS software version 16. Results: Pain control received the higher scores in the experimental group as compared to the controls (P

Transition through puberty is marked by an increased risk for the onset of a range of health problems, particularly those related to the control of behavior and emotion. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of training puberty (physical and psychological matters) in general well being and its dimensions in girl adolescents. This was a quasi-experimental study in which the target population included all girl students at the first grade of high school in Jiroft, Iran. 40 students (20 in the experimental group and 20 in the control group) was selected using multi stage sampling method. The experimental group was educated in twelve-90- minute sessions. The content of the educational course included physical signs of puberty, physiologic change in menstrual period, hygiene, nutrition, and psychological changes of puberty. The participants completed the Skehill's general well being questionnaire before and after the intervention. Covariance analysis revealed the efficacy of education on the enhancement of psychological well being and psychological distress reduction. Therefore, it is recommended to implement health educational programs about physical and psychological matters during puberty to elementary and secondary school students to improve their mental health