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Pedro Ferreira Alves Oliveira,1 André Bonadias Gadelha,2 Rafael Gauche,2 Flávio Macedo Lahud Paiva,2 Martim Bottaro,2 Lauro C Vianna,2 Ricardo Moreno Lima2 1Department of Physical Education, Instituto Federal de Brasília, 2College of Physical Education, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil Purpose: To examine the effects of resistance training (RT) on metabolic syndrome-related phenotypes in postmenopausal women. Patients and methods: Twenty-two postmenopausal women (65.0±4.2 years) underwent 12 weeks of whole body progressive training with intensity prescribed based on rating of perceived exertion. Dominant knee extension strength was assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer before and after the intervention. Moreover, all volunteers had blood samples collected for lipid profile, glycemic control, and C-reactive protein analyses. Waist circumference and arterial blood pressure were also measured at baseline and after the training period. Student’s t-tests for paired samples and repeated measures ANOVA were used to compare dependent variables, and statistical significance was set at P

Amilton Vieira,1 Martim Bottaro,1 Joao B Ferreira-Junior,1,4 Carlos Vieira,1 Vitor A Cleto,1 Eduardo L Cadore,2 Herbert G Simões,3 Jake Do Carmo,1 Lee E Brown5 1College of Physical Education, University of Brasília, Brasília, 2College of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, 3College of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, 4Federal Institute of Triângulo Mineiro, Paracatu, Brazil; 5Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, CA, USA Abstract: Whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) has been used as a recovery strategy following different sports activities. Thus, the aim of the study reported here was to examine the effect of WBC on vertical jump recovery following a high-intensity exercise (HIE) bout. Twelve trained men (mean ± standard deviation age = 23.9±5.9 years) were randomly exposed to two different conditions separated by 7 days: 1) WBC (3 minutes of WBC at −110°C immediately after the HIE) and 2) control (CON; no WBC after the HIE). The HIE consisted of six sets of ten repetitions of knee extensions at 60° · s−1 concentric and 180° · s−1 eccentric on an isokinetic dynamometer. The vertical jump test was used to evaluate the influence of HIE on lower extremity muscular performance. The vertical jump was performed on a force platform before HIE (T1) and 30 minutes after (T2) the WBC and CON conditions. As a result of HIE, jump height, muscle power, and maximal velocity (Vmax) had significant decreases between T1 and T2, however no significance was found between the WBC and CON conditions. The results indicate that one session of WBC had no effect on vertical jump following an HIE compared with a CON condition. WBC may not improve muscle-function (dependent on stretch-shortening cycle) recovery in very short periods (ie, 30 minutes) following HIE. Keywords: functional performance, muscular recovery, countermovement jump

Summary: Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is a rare disorder characterised by impaired testosterone secretion since birth, and represents a valuable model for studying the effects of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) in humans. This cross‐sectional study aimed to investigate all health‐related physical fitness (HRPF) components and quality of life in a series of eight men with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism under regular TRT. The study group was compared to a control group of 16 healthy subjects paired for age, body mass index and physical activity. Body composition, aerobic capacity, muscular strength and endurance, and joint flexibility were evaluated in two different 7‐day interval time points, based on the pharmacokinetics of testosterone in the hypogonadal group. Quality of life was assessed by the WHOQOL‐brief questionnaire. Both groups had similar performances in all HRPF components evaluated, independently of plasma testosterone levels (p > .05). Quality of life was also similar in the four domains analysed (p > .05). The results of this pilot study suggest that regular testosterone replacement was efficient in providing HRPF and quality of life in a series of congenitally hypogonadal men to levels like those observed in healthy men. In addition, acute fluctuations in plasma testosterone did not correlate with changes in muscle strength and endurance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effects of 5 and 15 °C cold-water immersion on recovery from exercise resulting in exercise-induced muscle damage. 42 college-aged men performed 5 x 20 drop-jumps and were randomly allocated into one of 3 groups: (1) 5 °C; (2) 15 °C; or (3) control. After exercise, individuals from the cold-water immersion groups had their lower limbs immerged in iced water for 20 min. Isometric knee extensor torque, countermovement jump, muscle soreness, and creatine kinase were measured before, immediately after, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 168 h postexercise. There was no between-group difference in isometric strength recovery (p = 0.73). However, countermovement jump recovered quicker in cold-water immersion groups compared to control group (p < 0.05). Countermovement jump returned to baseline after 72 h in 15 °C, 5 °C group recovered after 96 h and control did not recovered at any time point measured. Also, creatine kinase returned to baseline at 72 h and remained stable for all remaining measurements for 15 °C group, whereas remained elevated past 168 h in both 5 °C and control groups. There was a trend toward lower muscle soreness (p = 0.06) in 15 °C group compared to control at 24 h post-exercise. The result suggests that cold-water immersion promote recovery of stretch-shortening cycle performance, but not influence the recovery of maximal contractile force. Immersion at warmer temperature may be more effective than colder temperatures promoting recovery from strenuous exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) increases peripheral blood flow by attenuation of the muscle metaboreflex, improving oxygen supply to working muscles. We tested the hypothesis that application of TENS at ganglion improves exercise performance. 11 subjects underwent constant-work rate tests (CWR) to the limit of tolerance (Tlim) while receiving TENS or placebo. Oxygen uptake (...O2), carbon dioxide (...CO2), minute ventilation (...E), ventilatory equivalent (...E/...CO2), heart rate (HR) and oxygen pulse (...O2/HR) were analyzed at isotime separated by percentile and Tlim. ...O2 was lower and ...CO2 was higher at 100 % of isotime during TENS, while there were no differences in ...E and ...E/... CO2. HR was lower during exercise with TENS, and ...O2/HR increased at peak exercise (17.96±1.9 vs. 20.38±1 ml/min/bpm, P<0.05). TENS increased mechanical efficiency at isotime and Tlim (4.10±0.50 vs. 3.39±0.52%, P <0.05 and 3.95±0.67 vs. 3.77±0.45%, P<0.05) and exercise tolerance compared to P-TENS (390±41 vs. 321±41 s; P<0.05). Our data shows that the application of TENS can potentially increase exercise tolerance and oxygen supply in healthy subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to compare the acute effect of 2 different resting intervals (RI) between sets of isokinetic knee extension exercise on peak torque (PT) and total work (TW) in breast cancer survivors (BCS) and control group (CNT). 16 BCS (52 ± 4 years) and 14 CNT (53 ± 6 years) performed 3 sets of 10 unilateral isokinetic knee extension repetitions at 60 °.s−1 on 2 separate days with 2 different RI between sets (1 and 2 min). There was a significant interaction between groups vs. exercise sets (p = 0.03) and RI vs. exercise sets (p < 0.001) for PT. PT was greater in CNT at 1st and 2nd sets compared to BCS group (CNT, 133.4 ± 20.8 and BCS 107.6 ± 19.9 Nm, p = 0.012 and CNT, 118.9 ± 19.6 and BCS, 97.1 ± 15.9 Nm, p = 0.045, respectively). The TW of the knee extensor was significant greater in CNT than BCS group for all 3 knee extension exercise sets. In conclusion, the present study suggests that Breast Cancer Survivors women may need a longer rest interval (longer than 2 min) to be able to fully recover during a 3 sets of isokinetic knee extension exercise training session. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a single partial-body cryotherapy bout between training sessions on strength recovery. 12 young men (23.9 ± 5.9 years) were randomly exposed to 2 different conditions separated by 7 days: 1) Partial-body cryotherapy (subjects were exposed to 3 min of partial-body cryotherapy at - 110 °C between 2 high-intensity training sessions); 2) Control (subjects were not exposed to partial-body cryotherapy between 2 high-intensity training sessions). Subjects were exposed to partial-body cryotherapy after the first training session. The 2 knee extension high-intensity training sessions were separated by a 40-min rest interval. Knee extension training consisted of 6 sets of 10 repetitions at 60 °.s-1 for concentric actions and 6 sets of 10 at 180.s-1 for eccentric actions. The decrease in eccentric peak torque and total work was significantly (p < 0.05) less after partial-body cryotherapy (5.6 and 2 %, respectively) when compared to control (16 and 11.6 %, respectively). However, the decrease in concentric peak torque and total work was not different (p > 0.05) between partial-body cryotherapy (9.4 and 6.5 %, respectively) and control (7.5 and 5.2 %, respectively). These results indicate that the use of partial-body cryotherapy between-training sessions can enhance eccentric muscle performance recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]