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5. Simulating the Effects of Regional Forest Cover and Windthrow‐Induced Cover Changes on Mid‐Latitude Boundary‐Layer Clouds

Author

Noual, G., Brunet, Yves, Le Moigne, P., Lac, C., Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), and Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
boundary layer clouds, impact of forest, [SDU.STU.ME]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Meteorology
Abstract

International audience; Evidence has been provided that land-cover changes such as deforestation can have an impact on cloudiness and precipitation. However, conflicting results have been obtained at different scales and places, highlighting our poor understanding of the physical processes involved. Here we focus on mesoscale summer cloudiness in a temperate region, as influenced by a large forest massif (the Landes forest in France). Our study is based on an up-to-date atmosphere-surface mesoscale model (Meso-NH coupled with SURFEX). Based on observational data, we first optimize the model configuration for our purpose, and show that with a 500 m horizontal resolution we can successfully simulate the higher summer cloud cover observed over the forest, compared to its surroundings. Second, we investigate the physical processes leading to cloud formation in a representative case study. Based on a comparative analysis of diagnostics and budgets over forest and non-forest areas, we find that the larger sensible heat flux over the forest and its higher roughness are the main drivers of cloudiness, enhancing vertical velocity and boundary-layer mixing. Third, we simulate the impact of the 2009 Klaus storm that led to the loss of about one third of the trees. Considering 15 representative convective summer days, we show that the model simulates well the resulting decrease in summer cloudiness that was reported in a previous study based on satellite observations. As a complementary tool, the mesoscale simulations allow to quantify the impacts of the Klaus storm windthrow on the diurnal cycle of the boundary layer.

Published
2023
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23. Forest tree recruitment in the margin of the distribution range: a question of forest canopy and microclimate for Fagus sylvatica

Author

Walbott, Marion, Nemer, David, Brunet, Yves, Corcket, Emmanuel, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Université de Bordeaux (UB), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Société française d’écologie et d’évolution., and ProdInra, Migration

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

National audience

Published
2018

25. Wind flow in fragmented forested landscapes and the implications for wind damage

Author

Poette, Christopher, Gardiner, Barry A., Dupont, Sylvain, Brunet, Yves, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), International Union of Forest Research Organisations (IUFRO). AUT., and ProdInra, Migration

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2017

26. Bioaerosol sources

Author

Wéry, Nathalie, Gales, Amandine, Brunet, Yves, and ProdInra, Archive Ouverte

Subjects
atmospheric diffusion, diffusion atmosphérique, caractérisation, microorganisme aerien, santé humaine, respiratory system, human health, complex mixtures, environmental impact, contamination de l'air, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], bioaérosol, impact environnemental, characterization
Abstract

Bioaerosol sources. Part II Sources and transport of microbial aerosols

Published
2017

27. Short-scale transport of bioaerosols

Author

Brunet, Yves, Wéry, Nathalie, Gales, Amandine, and ProdInra, Archive Ouverte

Subjects
atmospheric diffusion, diffusion atmosphérique, caractérisation, microorganisme aerien, santé humaine, respiratory system, human health, complex mixtures, environmental impact, contamination de l'air, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], bioaérosol, transport atmosphérique, impact environnemental, characterization
Abstract

Short-scale transport of bioaerosols. Part II Sources and transport of microbial aerosols

Published
2017

28. Bioaerosol sources: Part II Sources and transport of microbial aerosols

Author

Wéry, Nathalie, Gales, Amandine, Brunet, Yves, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement [Narbonne] (LBE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)

Subjects
atmospheric diffusion, diffusion atmosphérique, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], caractérisation, microorganisme aerien, santé humaine, respiratory system, human health, complex mixtures, environmental impact, contamination de l'air, bioaérosol, impact environnemental, characterization
Abstract

Bioaerosol sources. Part II Sources and transport of microbial aerosols

Published
2017

29. Predicting wind flow in fragmented forested landscapes

Author

Poette, Christopher, Gardiner, Barry A., Dupont, Sylvain, Brunet, Yves, Harman, Ian N., Bohm, M., Finnigan, John J., Hugues, D., Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Australian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society, Partenaires INRAE, and ProdInra, Migration

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2016

30. Atmospheric transport of bioaerosols: dispersal of microorganisms across a range of scales

Author

Brunet, Yves, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), and ProdInra, Migration

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2016

31. Estimating the bacterial source strength and the downwind influence of outdoor composting platforms

Author

Brunet, Yves, Gales, Amandine, Godon, Jean-Jacques, Wéry, Nathalie, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement [Narbonne] (LBE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and European Aerobiology Society (EAS). INT.

Subjects
microbial aerosol, compost, bioaérosol, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, atmospheric dispersal, compostage, indicateur microbien, dispersion atmosphérique, analyse de risque
Abstract

National audience; Active and passive emission processes at composting sites result in the release of microorganisms that can then be transported by the atmospheric flow over some distance before they settle. Determining the impact of compost operations on bacterial source strength and on the distance from the site at which air concentration returns to its background value (the ‘return distance’) is a topic of importance for risk assessment. To this purpose, experimental campaigns were conducted in France at two outdoor composting sites, where air concentration measurements were performed at several locations downwind from the source, along horizontal transects aligned with the mean wind direction. All relevant microclimatic variables were also registered. Quantitative PCR was used to monitor the microbial indicators selected in a previous study in order to trace specifically the bioaerosols emitted from compost piles and evaluate their dynamics in the atmosphere. A simple Gaussian-type modelling approach was designed to estimate the source strength and the return distance from the measured concentration transects. The main factors of variation in terms of air concentration, source strength and return distance were found to be the site itself, then the operation type: overturning generates the largest amount of bacteria, followed by loading and screening. This affects the return distance, which also shows a weak variation with mean wind velocity. The generic character of this method combining atmospheric transport modelling with air concentration measurements makes it applicable to other cases of atmospheric dispersal from point or area sources.

Published
2016

32. Impact of landscape fragmentation on airflow: wind-tunnel measurements and LES validation

Author

Poette, Christopher, Gardiner, Barry A., Dupont, Sylvain, Brunet, Yves, Harman, Ian N., Bohm, M., Finnigan, John J., Hugues, D., Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Australian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society, Partenaires INRAE, and ProdInra, Migration

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

National audience

Published
2015

33. Approaches to dynamic wind-tree modelling

Author

Brunet, Yves, ProdInra, Migration, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

National audience

Published
2015

34. Atmospheric fluxes of microorganisms: definition and measurements

Author

Brunet, Yves, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), and ProdInra, Migration

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

National audience

Published
2014

35. Modelling atmospheric processes for the transport of microorganisms

Author

Brunet, Yves, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), and ProdInra, Migration

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

National audience

Published
2014

36. The influence of forest fragmentation on wind flow and the risk of wind damage

Author

Poette, Christopher, Gardiner, Barry A., Bohm, M., Dupont, Sylvain, Brunet, Yves, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Australian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society, Partenaires INRAE, International Union of Forest Research Organisations (IUFRO). AUT., and ProdInra, Migration

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2014

37. Fragmented landscape: Impact on atmospheric flow and tree stability

Author

Poette, Christopher, Gardiner, Barry, Dupont, Sylvain, Brunet, Yves, Böhm, Margi, Harman, Ian, Finnigan, John, Hughes, Dale, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Australian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society, Partenaires INRAE, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), and ProdInra, Migration

Subjects
[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes
Abstract

International audience; The wind is responsible of more than half of the damage affecting European forests, e.g., in 2009, Klaus storm directly destroyed 43.1 Mm3 of timber in the Landes Forest in South-west France equivalent to 14% of the standing volume. At present only local stand level factors are taken into account in calculating forest wind risk (Gardiner et al., 2008). However, it is known that the wind is strongly affected by the surfaces over which it has previously flowed. Forest edges in particular play an important role in determining the characteristics of the atmospheric flow by generating turbulence and coherent tree scale structures and represent region of high damage risk (Brunet et al. 2009). In a fragmented landscape, consisting of surfaces of different heights and roughness, the multiplicity of edges may have cumulative effects at the regional scale leading to increased forest damage during storms. Our main hypothesis is that the level of forest fragmentation affects the characteristics of the atmospheric flow (wind speed, turbulent kinetic energy, etc…), which then have an impact on the level of mechanical stress on trees in the forest. To test this we conducted experiments using a well characterized wind tunnel model with different levels of fragmentation that mimic interfaces from a “short grass” surface to a “tall forest” canopy (Raupach et al., 1986). Measurements were made using 3D Laser Doppler Velocimetry at high spatial resolution. This set of experiments has been used to calibrate a Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) airflow model accounting for the canopy drag (Dupont and Brunet, 2008). The LES is then used to predict the potential impact and risk levels of fragmentation on forest damage in order to try to understand observations of recent storms damage to the forests of South-west France.

Published
2014

38. Modelling wind damage propagation in a forest canopy

Author

Pivato, David, Dupont, Sylvain, Brunet, Yves, ProdInra, Migration, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), and International Union of Forest Research Organisations (IUFRO). AUT.

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2014

39. A relaxed-eddy accumulation system for measuring microbial emission fluxes from the vegetation

Author

Brunet, Yves, Bonnefond, Jean-Marc, Garrigou, Didier, Delmas, Frédéric, Leyronas, Christel, Morris, Cindy E., Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, Unité de Pathologie Végétale (PV), American Association for Aerosol Research., and ProdInra, Migration

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2013

40. Airflow over forests

Author

Brunet, Yves, ProdInra, Migration, Gardiner B., Shuck A., Schelhaas M.J., Orazio C., Blennow K., Nicoll B. (eds.), Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
turbulent kinetic energy, momentum flux/transfer, [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, wind shear, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, coherent structures, aerodynamic drag, plane mixing-layer, vortices, boundary-layer, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2013

41. Numerical simulation of pesticide dispersal at the scale of rows and vineyards

Author

Chahine, Ali, Dupont, Sylvain, Brunet, Yves, Sinfort, Carole, Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Information – Technologies – Analyse Environnementale – Procédés Agricoles (UMR ITAP), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE - UR1263), and Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)

Subjects
numerical simulation, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, atmospheric dispersion, simulation numérique, Milieux et Changements globaux, vigne, pesticide, grapevine, dispersion atmosphérique
Abstract

Numerical simulation of pesticide dispersal at the scale of rows and vineyards. Atmos'Fair

Published
2012

42. Experimental and numerical study of pesticide dispersal from vineyards

Author

Chahine, Ali, Dupont, Sylvain, Brunet, Yves, Sinfort, Carole, ProdInra, Migration, Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Information – Technologies – Analyse Environnementale – Procédés Agricoles (UMR ITAP), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

Conférence International Advances in Pesticide Application, Wageningen, the Netherlands, 10-12 January 2012; International audience

Published
2012

43. A model for pesticide dispersal from vineyard canopies

Author

Chahine, Ali, Dupont, Sylvain, Brunet, Yves, Sinfort, Carole, Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre Technique Interprofessionnel des Fruits et Légumes (CTIFL). FRA., and ProdInra, Migration

Subjects
[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

National audience

Published
2011

45. Direct measurements of bioaerosol fluxes into the atmosphere: relevance and challenges

Author

Brunet, Yves, ProdInra, Migration, Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE] Environmental Sciences, REA, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, relaxed eddy accumulation
Abstract

International audience; Measuring the flux of bioaerosols from a source is a difficult challenge. Little progress has been made since the work of Lindemann et al. and of Lighthart et al. in the 1980’s and 1990’s. A review of all possible methods shows that one solution would be to adapt a technique called the “relaxed eddy accumulation”. It is based on a conditional sampling of the air, depending on the sign of the instantaneous vertical wind speed, and allows standard concentration samplers to be used in place of fast-response sensors. The experience gained in developing a first prototype shows that the key issue is to achieve a high enough signal-to-noise ratio in the concentration measurements. There is reasonable hope that this goal can be reached soon.

Published
2011

46. A large-eddy simulation model for pesticide dispersal during spray application

Author

Chahine, Ali, Dupont, Sylvain, Brunet, Yves, Sinfort, Carole, Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Labo/service de l'auteur, Ville service, Pays service.

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, pesticide, dispersion, vigne, modélisation, LES, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

National audience

Published
2010

47. Long-distance edge effects in a pine forest with a large and sparse trunk space: in situ and numerical experiments

Author

Dupont, Sylvain, Bonnefond, Jean-Marc, Irvine, Mark Rankin, Lamaud, Eric, Brunet, Yves, Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and ProdInra, Migration

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE] Environmental Sciences, LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, PIN MARITIME, ECOULEMENT DE LISIERE, MECANIQUE DES FLUIDES, INTERACTION VENT-COUVERT
Abstract

International audience; Forest edges are a major source of heterogeneity in fragmented landscapes. Consequently, the atmospheric flow over forested areas is often under their influence. Understanding how far a forest edge may influence turbulent wind flow within the canopy is important, in particular for scalar flux measurement. In this study, the edge flow over a maritime pine forest characterized by a high and dense crown layer associated with a large and sparse trunk space is analyzed in detail from in situ measurements and large-eddy simulation (LES). The LES model appears to simulate remarkably well most characteristics of the turbulent wind flow in this particular case of canopy foliage distribution. It is shown that the main characteristics of the edge flow differ from those usually observed in forests with a more uniform vertical foliage distribution. The main differences are (i) the presence of a large secondary wind maximum within the trunk space, (ii) the development of the turbulent region above the canopy occurring closest to the edge, (iii) the absence of a well-defined enhanced gust zone and (iv) the development of a positive momentum flux layer below the crown layer. Most of these differences are related to the presence of a strong sub-canopy wind jet induced by the wind flow through the trunk space at the edge. This wind jet decreases very slowly with distance from the edge, so that edge effects are still significant at 9 h from the edge (where h is the mean canopy height). This implies that the length of the adjustment region is probably more than 10-15 h, and therefore that in very fragmented forested areas with large and sparse trunk space, within-canopy flow may always be under the influence of edges.

Published
2010

48. Modelling wind-tree interaction

Author

Pivato, David, Dupont, Sylvain, Brunet, Yves, ProdInra, Migration, Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE] Environmental Sciences, LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, ECOULEMENT TURBULENT, LES
Abstract

International audience

Published
2010

49. Modelling pesticide dispersal over a vineyard canopy during spray application

Author

Chahine, Ali, Dupont, Sylvain, Brunet, Yves, Sinfort, Carole, ProdInra, Migration, Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2010

50. Modelling water, energy and associated mass fluxes in managed landscapes: achievements and gaps

Author

Voltz, Marc, Brunet, Yves, Ackerer, Philippe, ProdInra, Migration, Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

National audience

Published
2010

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