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This study aimed to explore the association between self-oriented empathy and compassion fatigue, and examine the potential mediating roles of dispositional mindfulness and the counselor’s self-efficacy. A total of 712 hotline psychological counselors were recruited from the Mental Health Service Platform at Central China Normal University, Ministry of Education during the outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019, then were asked to complete the questionnaires measuring self-oriented empathy, compassion fatigue, dispositional mindfulness, and counselor’s self-efficacy. Structural equation modeling was utilized to analyze the possible associations and explore potential mediations. In addition to reporting confidence intervals (CI), we employed a new method named model-based constrained optimization procedure to test hypotheses of indirect effects. Results showed that self-oriented empathy was positively associated with compassion fatigue. Dispositional mindfulness and counselor’s self-efficacy independently and serially mediated the associations between self-oriented empathy and compassion fatigue. The findings of this study confirmed and complemented the etiological and the multi-factor model of compassion fatigue. Moreover, the results indicate that it is useful and necessary to add some training for increasing counselor’s self-efficacy in mindfulness-based interventions in order to decrease compassion fatigue.

Background: Physicians, especially psychiatrists, have a high risk of job-related stress, and mental impairment. In our study we examined changes in private and occupational stress factors and mental health within a decade. The legislative reduction of physicians' working hours in Germany during this period made it possible to investigate the impact of working hours in particular. Methods: Questionnaires were administered at two psychiatrist meetings (2006 and 2016) about job and family situation, depressiveness, burnout and effort-reward imbalance. A total of N = 1,797 datasets were analyzed. Results: Working hours and free weekends were associated with mental health indices. Correlation analyses showed that a reduction in weekly working hours and working days at weekends was related to reduced scores for effort-reward-imbalance, burnout and depression. Conclusions: Our data show changes in workplace stress and mental health in psychiatrists in a decade in which a reduction in working hours has been required by law. These results can provide indications of effective prevention strategies in the professional context of physicians working in psychiatry., publishedVersion

Background: Professional caregivers are exposed to multiple stressors and have high burnout rates, however, not all individuals are equally susceptible. We investigated the association between resilience and burnout in a Swiss population of professional caregivers working in youth residential care. Methods: Using a prospective longitudinal study design, participants (n = 159, 57.9% women) reported on burnout symptoms and sense of coherence (SOC), self-efficacy and self-care at four annual sampling points. The associations of individual resilience measures and sociodemographic variables, work-related and personal stressors, and burnout symptoms were assessed. Cox proportional hazards regressions were calculated to compute hazard ratios over the course of three years. Results: Higher SOC, self-efficacy and self-care were related to lower burnout symptoms in work-related and personal domains. Higher SOC and self-efficacy were reported by older caregivers and by those with children. All three resilience measures were highly correlated. A combined model analysis weakened the protective effect of self-efficacy, leaving only SOC and self-care negatively associated with burnout. Conclusion: This longitudinal analysis suggests that SOC and self-caring behaviour in particular protect against burnout. Our findings could have implications for promoting self-care practices, as well as cultivating a meaningful, comprehensible and manageable professional climate in all facets of institutional care.

Burnout ist ein viel diskutiertes Problem in der Arbeitswelt. Trotz hoher Kosten, sowohl für Arbeitnehmer/innen als auch für Arbeitgeber, wird es in vielen Ländern noch immer nicht als Organisationsproblem anerkannt. Das Ziel dieser Masterarbeit ist es zu untersuchen, wie rumänische Unternehmen auf Burnout ihrer Mitarbeiter/-innen reagieren. Die Forschungsfragen konzentrieren sich auf die Burnout Konzeptualisierung, seine Faktoren und Ursachen sowie die Interventionsmaßnahmen im rumänischen Kontext. Aufbauend auf den theoretischen Burnout-Modellen von Maslach (Maslach, 1982; Leiter & Maslach, 1999) werden im Rahmen einer empirischen Studie qualitativer Daten analysiert, die durch halbstrukturierte Interviews mit 15 rumänischen Unternehmensvertreter/innen in der Metallindustrie gewonnen wurden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine große Lücke zwischen Theorie und Praxis auf. Das im rumänischen Kontext definierte Burnout Konzept entspricht nur teilweise der int. Literatur, da sowohl in der rumänischen akad. Literatur als auch in der Praxis nur zwei von drei Dimensionen des Burnouts anerkannt werden. In Folge wird Burnout missverstanden und mit Arbeitsstress verwechselt. Die Unterschiede in der Burnout Konzeptualisierung führen auch zu unterschiedlichen Faktoren und Ursachen, welche in Rumänien zu Burnout führen. In den untersuchten Unternehmen zeigt sich Burnout in einer Kombination von mehreren individuellen und organisationalen Faktoren, zu denen spezifische Risikofaktoren in der Metallindustrie und des rumänischen Kontexts hinzukommen. Da Burnout nicht als organisationales Problem erkant wird, halten rumänische Unternehmen Präventions- und Bewältigungsmaßnahmen gegen Burnout für unnötig und kostspielig. Daraus ergibt sich ein weiterer Forschungsbedarf im Bereich der Burnout-Prävention und der Bewältigungsmaßnahmen in Rumänien, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf der Organisationsebene liegen sollte und eine Beteiligung und Unterstützung durch den Staat als erforderlich erachtet wird. Burnout is a widely discussed problem in the working world. In spite of its high costs for both employees and employers, it has still not been recognized as an organizational issue in many countries. The aim of this masters thesis is to investigate how Romanian companies react to burnout among their employees. The research questions focus on conceptualization of burnout, its factors and causes as well as intervention measures in the Romanian context. Based on the theoretical burnout models developed by Maslach (Maslach, 1982; Leiter & Maslach, 1999), qualitative data gathered through semi-structured interviews with 15 representatives of Romanian companies in the metal industry are analyzed as part of an empirical study. The findings show a big gap between theory and practice. The concept of burnout, as it is defined in the Romanian context corresponds only partly to the international literature on the topic because only two out of three dimensions of burnout are recognized both in Romanian academic literature and in practice. As a result, burnout is misunderstood and confused with working stress. The differences in the conceptualization of burnout lead also to different factors and causes of burnout in Romania. In the analyzed companies, burnout manifests itself as a combination of several individual and organizational factors to which the specific risk factors in the metal industry and the Romanian context are added. Since burnout is not recognized as an organizational problem, Romanian companies consider preventive and coping measures against burnout to be unnecessary and costly. This results in a great need for further research on prevention and coping measures against burnout in Romania, where the main focus should be at organizational level and the participation and support from the state is considered necessary. Ionela Stiegler-Lixandru Zusammenfassungen auf Deutsch und Englisch Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Masterarbeit, 2020 (VLID)5815717

Background: International studies have shown that among physicians working in intensive care, a relatively high level of workload, an elevated risk of developing burnout and reduced mental health are frequent. The implementation of a legislative intervention in Germany with the goal to reduce the working hours of physicians, offered an opportunity to investigate the potential influence of occupational conditions on stress and mental health. The present study investigates working conditions, occupational stress and burnout risk in two samples of German Intensive Care Physicians in 2006 and 2016. The aim was to assess how occupational and private stress factors influenced burnout and Effort-Reward-Imbalance indices over this time-period. Methods: Intensive care physicians were surveyed during the annual conference of their profession in two cross-sectional studies (10-year gap). Data on demographic (occupational, family), medical history, and mental health (burnout and Effort-Reward- Imbalance) were assessed by paper pencil questionnaires. Results: In total, N = 2,085 physicians participated (2006: N = 1,403, 2016: N = 695), with N = 1,840 (2006 = 1,248; 2016 = 592) eligible for propensity score matching comparison. In general, more working hours per week and working days on weekends were associated with an increased effort/reward imbalance and higher burnout scores. From 2006 to 2016, reductions in working hours per week and days worked on weekends were accompanied by improvements in occupational stress (Effort- Reward-Imbalance) and by trend in mental health indices (burnout) after matching for differences in working conditions. Conclusions: The study presents the changes concerning occupational stress factors and mental wellbeing in physicians working in intensive care in 2016 as compared to 2006. These findings may promote the implementation of preventive strategies in the vocational context to protect health and productivity of physicians, especially intensive care physicians., publishedVersion

Innovation is a lever for growth and prosperity in business and society as a whole. Innovations lead to the industrial revolutions which are transforming our world. Innovation is the solution to many of the side effects of industrial revolutions. We can prepare the future world citizens to face the challenges of the new world only by education. The purpose of this study was to investigate work satisfaction, work engagement, burnout and innovative work behavior of Greek teachers. From the investigation the relationships between the above concepts emerged and the demographic elements associated with them were identified. The applied statistical survey of this study was conducted from December 2018 to January 2019 and 324 primary and secondary school teachers participated in it. Survey data were collected using an online questionnaire that included demographic questions, the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI) and a Kleysen & Street innovative behavioral questionnaire adapted to Greek reality. The results of the survey showed a very low rate of burned-out and a high rate of work-engaged teachers. Because previous surveys have reported high rates of burnout for Greek teachers, we conclude that work engagement, as well as burnout, are time dependent on environmental factors related to the socio-economic changes of recent decades. Our research results also showed that establishing and supporting innovative work behavior by leadership and co-workers has the effect of demonstrating a high level of innovative work behavior by Greek educators. In addition, it was found a fluctuation of work engagement with age and an enhancement of innovative work behavior due to post-graduate studies. Moreover, it emerged that work engagement positively correlates with innovative work behavior, creating a virtuous circle, where one feeds the other., SUBMITTED: JULY 2019, REVISION SUBMITTED: AUGUST 2019, ACCEPTED: SEPTEMBER 2019, REFEREED ANONYMOUSLY, PUBLISHED ONLINE: 24 OCTOBER 2019. JEL Classification: I12, I20, I28

Die Veröffentlichung setzt den Fokus auf die zentrale Funktion der systemischen Resilienzabwehr gegen psychosomatische Leiden wie die Depression und chronische Stresssyndrome.

submitted by Cora Preining Universität Linz, Masterarbeit, 2018

Journal for educational research online 8 (2016) 2, S. 136-157, The aim of the study was to investigate the structure of affective and cognitive engagement using the Student Engagement Instrument (SEI; Appleton, Christenson, Kim, & Reschly, 2006) and to examine the associations to behavioral engagement, as well as student-reported self-esteem, burnout, and academic achievement among Finnish junior high school students. The analyses were carried out in the main sample of 2,485 students, as well as in an independent sample of 821 students. The results showed that the original five-factor structure of the SEI construed along three affective and two cognitive engagement factors fit the current data relatively well. Affective and cognitive student engagement correlated positively with an independent measure of behavioral engagement. Furthermore, affective and cognitive engagement were positively associated with student-reported self-esteem and academic achievement, and negatively with school burnout. The findings provided corroborating evidence for the psychometric properties and utilization of the SEI instrument for assessing the engagement of junior high school students. (DIPF/Orig.), Ziel der Studie war es, die Struktur von affektivem und kognitivem Engagement unter Nutzung des Student Engagement Instruments (SEI; Appleton, Christenson, Kim & Reschly, 2006) sowie die Verbindungen zu verhaltensbezogenem Engagement, Selbstwertgefühl, Burnout und Schulleistung unter Schülerinnen und Schülern der Mittelstufe in Finnland zu untersuchen. Die Analysen wurden mit einer Hauptstichprobe von 2485 Schülerinnen und Schülern sowie mit einer unabhängigen Stichprobe von 821 Schülerinnen und Schülern durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die ursprüngliche Fünf-Faktoren-Struktur des SEI mit drei affektiven und zwei kognitiven Engagement-Faktoren die vorliegenden Daten am besten abbildet. Affektives und kognitives Student Engagement korrelierten positiv mit einer unabhängigen Messung von verhaltensbezogenem Engagement. Darüber hinaus wurde für affektives und kognitives Engagement ein positiver Zusammenhang mit dem von den Schülerinnen und Schülern selbstberichteten Selbstwertgefühl und ihrer Schulleistung sowie ein negativer Zusammenhang mit Schul-Burnout festgestellt. Die Befunde bekräftigen die Eignung des SEI als psychometrisches Instrument zur Messung von Student Engagement von Schülerinnen und Schülern der Mittelstufe. (DIPF/Orig.)

Author: Carolina Browning Oldendorff Abstract in englischer Sprache Universität Linz, Univ., Masterarbeit, 2016

Journal for educational research online 6 (2014) 3, S. 115-133, The present contribution deals with teacher stress in the context of organizational change: the development of all-day schools. This development is one of the most important reforms in the German school system in recent years and is closely linked to the overall aim to better foster students. In the context of change from a half-day to an all-day school, teachers need to adapt their work according to the new requirements and tasks. Based on a theoretical model of stress and strain in schools, we examine teachers' perceived stress and take the all-day school as predictor into account. The results of a structural equation model show that mainly personal factors like self-efficacy and cooperation show significant paths to teachers' perceived stress. Beyond, facets of working hours are significant predictors. (DIPF/Orig.), Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der Belastung von Lehrkräften im Kontext des Ganztagsschulausbaus. Der Ganztagsschulausbau ist eine der wichtigsten Reformen des deutschen Schulsystems in den letzten Jahren und ist eng mit dem Ziel verbunden, Schülerinnen und Schüler besser und umfassender zu fördern. Für Lehrerinnen und Lehrer bedeutet der Wechsel von einer Halbtags- zu einer Ganztagsschule, dass sie ihre Arbeit den Anforderungen dieser neuen Schulform anpassen müssen. Neue und andere Aufgaben können mögliche Folgen sein. Auf der Basis eines theoretischen Belastungs-Beanspruchungs-Modells betrachten wir die wahrgenommene Belastung der Lehrkräfte und beziehen dabei die Schulform der Ganztagsschule als Prädiktor mit in die Analysen ein. Die Ergebnisse des Strukturgleichungsmodells zeigen, dass v.a. persönliche Faktoren, wie die Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung der Lehrkräfte sowie Kooperation signifikante Pfade zur wahrgenommenen Belastung aufweisen. Ebenso spielen Facetten der Arbeitszeit eine Rolle. (DIPF/Orig.)

Background The prevalence, diagnostics and therapy of the burnout syndrome are increasingly discussed in the public. The unclear definition and diagnostics of the burnout syndrome are scientifically criticized. There are several therapies with unclear evidence for the treatment of burnout in existence. Objectives The health technology assessment (HTA) report deals with the question of usage and efficacy of different burnout therapies. Methods For the years 2006 to 2011, a systematic literature research was done in 31 electronic databases (e.g. EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO). Important inclusion criteria are burnout, therapeutic intervention and treatment outcome. Results 17 studies meet the inclusion criteria and are regarded for the HTA report. The studies are very heterogeneous (sample size, type of intervention, measuring method, level of evidence). Due to their study design (e.g. four reviews, eight randomized controlled trials) the studies have a comparable high evidence: three times 1A, five times 1B, one time 2A, two times 2B and six times 4. 13 of the 17 studies are dealing with the efficacy of psychotherapy and psychosocial interventions for the reduction of burnout (partly in combination with other techniques). Cognitive behaviour therapy leads to the improvement of emotional exhaustion in the majority of the studies. The evidence is inconsistent for the efficacy of stress management and music therapy. Two studies regarding the efficacy of Qigong therapy do not deliver a distinct result. One study proves the efficacy of roots of Rhodiola rosea (evidence level 1B). Physical therapy is only in one study separately examined and does not show a better result than standard therapy. Discussion Despite the number of studies with high evidence the results for the efficacy of burnout therapies are preliminary and do have only limited reach. The authors of the studies complain about the low number of skilled studies for the therapy of burnout. Furthermore, they point to the insufficient evaluation of the therapy studies and the need for further research. Some authors report the effects of considerable natural recovering. Numerous limitations affect the quality of the results. Intervention contents and duration, study design and study size are very diverse and do not permit direct comparison. Most of the samples are small by size with low statistical power, long-term follow-ups are missing. Comorbidities and parallel utilized therapies are insufficient documented or controlled. Most of the studies use the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) as diagnostic or outcome-tool, but with different cut-off-points. It should be noticed that the validity of the MBI as diagnostic tool is not proved. Ethical, juridical and social determining factors are not covered or discussed in the studies. Conclusion The efficacy of therapies for the treatment of the burnout syndrome is insufficient investigated. Only for cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) exists an adequate number of studies which prove its efficacy. Big long-term experimental studies are missing which compare the efficacy of the single therapies and evaluate their evidence. The natural recovering without any therapy needs further research. Additionally, it has to be examined to what extent therapies and their possible effects are thwarted by the conditions of the working place and the working conditions., GMS Health Technology Assessment; 8:Doc05; ISSN 1861-8863