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Copyright of Društvena Istraživanja is the property of Institute of Social Sciences Ivo Pilar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Omer Halisdemir Universitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Omer Halisdemir University, Faculty of Economics & Admistrative Sciene and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aims  Anticoagulation is not justified unless atrial fibrillation (AF) is detected in cryptogenic stroke (CS) patients. We sought to explore whether left atrial (LA) remodelling is associated with embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS). Methods and results  In this prospective study, we evaluated consecutively 186 patients in sinus rhythm who presented with an acute ischaemic stroke (embolic and non-embolic) and sex- and age-matched controls. We performed continuous electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring to capture paroxysmal AF episodes as recommended by the guidelines. After 12 months of follow-up, continuous ECG monitoring was repeated in patients with undetected AF episodes. We quantified LA reservoir and contraction strain (LASr and LASct) by speckle-tracking, LA volumes by 3D echocardiography. Out of 186 patients, 149 were enrolled after comprehensive investigation for the source of ischaemic stroke and divided into other cause (OC) (n  = 52) and CS (n  = 97) groups. CS patients were also subdivided into AF (n  = 39) and ESUS (n  = 58) groups. Among CS patients, LA strain predicted AF independently from CHARGE-AF score and LA volume indices. ESUS group, despite no captured AF, had significantly worse LA metrics than OC and control groups. AF group had the worst LA metrics. Moreover, LASr predicted both CS (embolic stroke with and without AF) and ESUS (embolic stroke with no detected AF) independently from LAVImax and CHA2DS2-VASc score. LASr >26% yielded 86% sensitivity, 92% specificity, 92% positive, and 86% negative predictive values for the identification of ESUS (areas under curve: 0.915, P  < 0.0001, 95% confidence interval: 0.86–0.97). Conclusion  Echocardiographic quantification of LA remodelling has great potential for secondary prevention from ESUS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agri: Journal of the Turkish Society of Algology / Türk Algoloji (Ağrı) Derneği'nin Yayın Organıdır is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper aims to explore the effectiveness of macroeconomic recovery policies implemented by fiscal and monetary authorities against Covid-19 pandemic in Turkey. A dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model, in which Turkey is defined as an open and small developing country, is built. The model contains eight groups of agents, which are two heterogeneous households, the firms producing intermediate, final and capital goods, the commercial bank, the central bank and the government. Stochastic simulations of the model reveal the propagation of Covid-19 shock, the impacts of fiscal and monetary tools on the selected economic variables. The simulations demonstrate that direct fiscal measures are more effective in mitigating negative economic impacts of Covid-19. This paper broadens existing literature on the macroeconomic impacts of Covid-19 by exerting the functioning of different fiscal and monetary measures in a comprehensive framework within a developing country context. • A simulated dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model is constructed. • Covid-19 is introduced as an autoregressive process that directly affects labor supply, aggregate demand as well as households' consumption and external block such as export, global interest rates and inflation. • Direct fiscal measures are much more effective in alleviating negative impacts of the pandemic in Turkey. • A more targeted and harmonious policy mix that includes more direct fiscal tools and prudently accommodative monetary policy would be more appropriate in order to support output and consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: BEYNEX (version 2.0) is an online application for tracking cognitive abilities using gamified follow‐up tests designed in eight different cognitive categories by Neurologists and psychologists. In this study, we aimed to determine and monitor the cognitive level of the person using this application by establishing an early alarm system, and to evaluate their relationship with daily living activities. Method: Our study was designed as multicenter and prospective. Free codes were given to the patients to enter the BEYNEX 2.0 application. The initial cognitive evaluations of the patients who entered the application using the codes were recorded by measuring with the online SLUMS (The Saint Louis Mental Status Examination Test), and a questionnaire was presented to evaluate the activity of their life at least once every seven days. Result: 265 patients aged between 58 and 75 years participated in the study. There was an increase especially in attention, language and memory scores, as the SLUMS score increased in patients with a SLUMS score above 17 (p = 0.001). No significant change was observed in speed and flexibility scores (p = 0.001). There was an increase in problem solving, memory and arithmetic scores of people with an SLUMS score below 17 as SLUMS increased (p = 0.001), but no change was observed in flexibility and language scores (p = 0.001). As the SLUMS score increases, the sleep quality of the patients, the time they spend on hobbies and social media increase in direct proportion. Conclusion: Online tracking and exercise applications may act as an early warning system in terms of providing feedback to caregivers in terms of monitoring cognitive functions and allowing patients to follow themselves at an early stage, and also monitoring the ADLs of dementia patients and observing their changes over time is as important as the medical treatment given to the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Migraine is a common neurovascular disease associated with vascular risks, especially in young adult females, but the mechanism underlying these associations remains unknown. This study evaluated the relationships between plasma endothelial dysfunction biomarkers and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in young adult females with migraine.Methods: This case-control study included 148 female patients (age range: 18-50 years). Migraine was diagnosed according to the International Headache Society-IIIb criteria. Endothelial dysfunction biomarkers, such as von Willebrand factor (vWF), C-reactive protein (CRP), homocysteine, total nitrate/nitrite concentration, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), were evaluated in plasma. Carotid IMT was measured by a radiologist with sonography.Results: The CRP, TBARS, vWF, and IMT levels were increased in the migraine compared with the control group (p < 0.001, p = 0.02, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). After adjusting for confounders, multiple linear regression analysis revealed that systolic arterial blood pressure, CRP, vWF, TBARS, and right and left internal carotid artery (ICA) IMT were independently positively correlated with migraine (p < 0.01, p = 0.004, p = 0.023, p = 0.024, p = 0.032, and p = 0.048, respectively). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that right ICA IMT was independently associated with ergotamine and triptan and left ICA IMT was independently associated with ergotamine (p = 0.013, p = 0.026, and p = 0.017, respectively). In addition, significant correlations were found between LDL lipoprotein and carotid IMT in the migraine group (p < 0.05).Conclusions: Carotid IMT enhancement and elevated TBARS, vWF, and CRP levels in migraine subjects during a migraine attack could be regarded as consequences of migraine attack pathophysiology. The independent associations between triptan and ergotamine consumption and enhanced carotid IMT suggest that repeated use of these vasoconstrictive antimigraine agents may have additional effects on carotid IMT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Clinical Neuroscience / Ideggyógyászati Szemle is the property of LifeTime Media Kft. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Neurosciences is the property of Neurosciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a new cognitive tool developed for screening mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The authors examined validity of MoCA and discriminating power of subtests in a Turkish population comprising of 474 participants (246 healthy controls, 114 subjects with MCI and 114 subjects with dementia). The ANCOVAs showed that age and education had a main effect on MoCA scores. Cut scores were computed according to different education levels. The overall cut-off values for MCI and dementia were found to be lower compared to western studies. MoCA was found to have good internal consistency. The subtests most useful in discriminating MCI from healthy controls were recall, visuospatial and language, while in discriminating dementia from MCI were visuospatial, orientation and attention subtests. The results demonstrated that MoCA is a valid and reliable instrument in screening MCI, and compared with the MMSE, MoCA was proved to have superior sensitivity and specificity in detecting MCI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To investigate the left atrial dilatation in an undetermined etiological group according to Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) and to evaluate the relationship between left atrial dilatation and stroke volume and localization. Materials and methods: Files of patients admitted to our hospital (2000-2010) with acute ischemic stroke diagnosis were investigated. The size of their left atrium was registered using the data from transthoracic echocardiogram. Lesion size and localization were registered using brain MRI. Stroke etiology was categorized according to TOAST classification. The relationship between left atrial dilatation and stroke volume and localization in the undetermined group was investigated. Results: It was detected that 47% patients had left atrial dilatation. A significant difference was observed in the occurrence of left atrium dilatation for the undetermined group compared to the other groups and infarct volume was found to be larger in patients having left atrial dilation (P < 0.038). Conclusion: Left atrial dilatation is an important etiological factor in the undetermined-cause group and it also affects stroke volume. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Migraine is an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke, but its pathophysiology is still unclear. Genetic factors that predispose patients to thrombosis have been studied in patients with migraine to highlight the pathogenesis, but the results remain controversial. In this study, the frequencies of factor V Leiden (FVL), prothrombin (Pt) G20210A and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T mutations were investigated. Materials and Methods: One hundred and sixty patients aged of 15 to 55 years with no history of systemic disease and who had been diagnosed as migraine according to the International Headache Society (IHS) diagnostic criteria at Baskent University Hospital Neurology Outpatient Clinics were investigated for FVL, Pt G20210A and MTHFR C677T mutations from their genomic DNA, and the results were compared with those of healthy controls. Results: One hundred and fifty five (96.9%) of 160 migraine patients were homozygote normal, 5 (3.1%) were heterozygote and none of them were homozygote mutant for FVL. The control group had 9.8% heterozygote individuals but the difference between the percentages was not statistically significant (p> 0.05). There were no homozygote mutant individuals in the Turkish population study in normal subjects like our study. Thirty nine (24.4%) of 160 migraine patients were heterozygote and 8 (5%) were homozygote mutant for MTHFR C677T. The control group had 37 (34.9%) heterozygote and 6 (5.6%) homozygote mutant individuals. The difference between the percentages was not statistically significant (p= 0.15). Three (1.9%) of 160 migraine patients were heterozygote and 5 (2.9%) of the control group were heterozygote mutant for Pt G20210A mutation. The control group had 37 (34.9%) heterozygote and 6 (5.6%) homozygote mutant individuals. The difference between the percentages was not statistically significant (p= 0.420). Conclusion: Our study indicates that FVL, Pt G20210A and MTHFR C677T gene mutations, which are considered as risk factors for thrombosis, were not found to be associated with migraine pathogenesis in our population. The differences between populations probably depend on variations in ethnic origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is an acute inflammatory polyneuropathy which follows a precipitating event in approximately two thirds of cases. Although its pathogenesis is unclear, it is likely to be a consequence of an immune-mediated process. In the literature there are three case reports of GBS following subarachnoid hemorrhage, subdural hematoma, and facial bone fracture after head trauma.The unique feature of our case with GBS after subdural hematoma is the presence of cerebellar symptoms. We believe that GBS results from an aberrant immune response following trauma that somehow mistakenly attacks the nerve tissue of its host, and we discuss the effects of the trauma of head injury on cellular and humoral immunities and the absence of antiganglioside antibody (anti-GD1b IgG, which is accused of ataxia and cerebellar symptoms) in this case report. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the effects of interferon beta-1a(INFβ-1a) on brain metabolites in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), we performed Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Imaging (MRSI) on five patients treated with INFβ-1a (Rebif 44 μg), and on five untreated patients. Six healthy volunteers were used as controls. Patients were evaluated at the beginning, in the first, third, sixth, and twelfth month. There were no significant differences in normal appearing white matter (NAWM) metabolite peaks of the control group and patients with MS. However, in white matter lesions (WML) and NAWM there was significant differences between the basal and the other months' metabolic peaks (p < 0.05) in the treatment group although no differences emerged in the untreated group. These data suggest that INFβ-1a has a favorable effect on restoration of metabolites in MS lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 69-year-old woman presented with sudden onset of diplopia. In neurologic examination left medial rectus palsy without abduction nystagmus was detected. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed acute ischemic lesion in mesencephalon on diffusion-weighted images. Sponteneous resolution was observed after 1 month. Medial rectus palsy is a rare presention of acute ischemic stroke and early neuroimaging is important to establish such lesions. © 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio is an easily evaluated systemic inflammation indicator. However, there are limited reports on neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and functional outcome in ischemic stroke. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and stroke severity, short term functional outcomes and mortality in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods: The clinical data of patients who were > 18 age-old and hospitalized with acute ischemic stroke in Baskent University Hospital, Ankara, Turkey between January 2018 and May 2019 were studied retrospectively. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio were measured. The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score at admission, mortality during hospitalization and Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at discharge of the patients with acute ischemic stroke were correlated. Results: Among the acute ischemic stroke patients due to the exclusion criteria, the data of 134 patients were evaluated. Median age of the patients were 76± 12.5 years and 82 patients (61.2%) were male. The median NIHSS scores of the patients at admission was 5±4.5. Mortality during the hospitalization was seen in 8 patients (6%). The median neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio value of the patients at admission were found to be 2.6±3.4. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and NIHSS scores of the patients at admission, duration of the hospitalization, mRS scores at discharge and mortality during hospitalization were found to be positively correlated. Conclusion: Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio is a simple and easily measured marker and can be used as a potential indicator for prognosis in acute ischemic stroke. However further prospective multicenter investigations are required to confirm the role of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio for predicting the prognosis in acute ischemic stroke patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To compare the relationship between white matter hyperintensities (WMH) on brain magnetic resonance imaging and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), choroid, and ganglion cell layer (GCL) thicknesses in migraine patients and healthy subjects. We also assessed the role of cerebral hypoperfusion in the formation of these WMH lesions. Methods We enrolled 35 migraine patients without WMH, 37 migraine patients with WMH, and 37 healthy control subjects examined in the Neurology outpatient clinic of our tertiary center from May to December 2015. RFNL, choroid, and GCL thicknesses were measured by optic coherence tomography. Results There were no differences in the RFNL, choroid, or GCL thicknesses between migraine patients with and without WMH ( p > 0.05). Choroid layer thicknesses were significantly lower in migraine patients compared to control subjects ( p < 0.05), while there were no differences in RFNL and GCL thicknesses ( p > 0.05). Conclusions The 'only cerebral hypoperfusion' theory was insufficient to explain the pathophysiology of WMH lesions in migraine patients. In addition, the thinning of the choroid thicknesses in migraine patients suggests a potential causative role for cerebral hypoperfusion and decreased perfusion pressure of the choroid layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study evaluated the association between hypoxia parameters with white matter hyperintensity (WMH) and silent cerebral infarcts (SCI) on brain magnetic resonance (MR) images of patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Methods: In this retrospective study, the study group was composed of 453 patients who were evaluated by overnight polysomnography (PSG). Data on hypoxia parameters, such as total sleep duration with oxygen saturation < 90% (ST90), percentage of cumulative time with oxygen saturation < 90% (CT90), and the lowest oxygen saturation (min SaO2), were obtained from PSG. The presence of WMH and SCI was evaluated in all participants using brain MR images. Results: Hypoxia parameters, such as ST90, CT90, and min SaO2, were significantly associated with WMH (P < 0.001). The multiple regression analysis showed that CT90 was independently associated with SCI (P = 0.038). In addition, when participants were divided into two groups according to CT90 < 10% and CT90 = 10%, age (P = 0.002), sex (P = 0.015), body mass index, Apnea-Hypopnea Index score, Epworth Sleepiness Scale score, and the presence of WMH, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus were significantly higher in the CT90 ≥ 10% group compared with the CT90 < 10% group (P < 0.001 for all parameters). CT90 ≥ 10% increased the risk of WMH 2.34-fold (95% confidence interval, 1.44-3.85; P = 0.006). Conclusion: The severity of nocturnal intermittent hypoxia may contribute to the pathogenesis of WMH and SCI in patients with OSA. Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı obstruktif uyku apne sendrom'lu (OSA) olgularda hipoksi parametreleri ile beyin manyetik rezonans görüntülemede saptanan beyaz cevherde hiperintens odaklar (WMH) ve sessiz serebral infarkt (SCI) ile ilişkisini değerlendirmek. Metod: Bu retrospektif çalışmada tüm gece polisomnografi yapılmış toplam 453 olgu alındı. Hipoksi parametreleri toplam uyku süresinde oksijen saturasyonun %90'nın altında kaldığı süre (ST90), ST90'nın toplam uyku süresine oranı (CT90) ve en düşük oksijen saturasyonu (minSaO2) polisomnografiden (PSG) elde edildi. Tüm olguların beyin manyetik rezonans görüntülemerinde WMH ve SCI varlığı değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Hipoksi parametreleri ST90, CT90 ve min SaO2 WMH varlığı ile anlamlı ilişkiliydi (P < .001). Multipl regresyon analizinde CT90 bağımsız olarak SCI ile birlikteydi (P = 0.038). İlave olarak, katılımcılar CT90 < %10 ve CT90 ≥ %10 olarak iki gruba ayrıldığında, CT90 ≥ %10 grubunda yaş (P = .002), cinsiyet (P= .015), vücut kitle indeksi, apne-hipopne indeksi, Epworth uykululuk ölçeği, WMH varlığı, hipertensiyon ve diabetes mellitus CT90 < %10 grubuna oranla anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti (P < .001, tüm parametrelerde). CT90 ≥ %10 olması WMH riskini 2.34 kat (95% CI 1.44 to 3.85, P= 0.006) arttırmaktadır. Sonuç: OSA'de nokturnal intermittent hipoksi şiddeti WMH ve SCI patogenezine katkı sağlıyor olabilir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Anticoagulation is not justified unless atrial fibrillation (AF) is detected in cryptogenic stroke (CS) patients. We sought to explore whether left atrial (LA) remodelling is associated with embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS)., Methods and Results: In this prospective study, we evaluated consecutively 186 patients in sinus rhythm who presented with an acute ischaemic stroke (embolic and non-embolic) and sex- and age-matched controls. We performed continuous electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring to capture paroxysmal AF episodes as recommended by the guidelines. After 12 months of follow-up, continuous ECG monitoring was repeated in patients with undetected AF episodes. We quantified LA reservoir and contraction strain (LASr and LASct) by speckle-tracking, LA volumes by 3D echocardiography. Out of 186 patients, 149 were enrolled after comprehensive investigation for the source of ischaemic stroke and divided into other cause (OC) (n = 52) and CS (n = 97) groups. CS patients were also subdivided into AF (n = 39) and ESUS (n = 58) groups. Among CS patients, LA strain predicted AF independently from CHARGE-AF score and LA volume indices. ESUS group, despite no captured AF, had significantly worse LA metrics than OC and control groups. AF group had the worst LA metrics. Moreover, LASr predicted both CS (embolic stroke with and without AF) and ESUS (embolic stroke with no detected AF) independently from LAVImax and CHA2DS2-VASc score. LASr >26% yielded 86% sensitivity, 92% specificity, 92% positive, and 86% negative predictive values for the identification of ESUS (areas under curve: 0.915, P < 0.0001, 95% confidence interval: 0.86-0.97)., Conclusion: Echocardiographic quantification of LA remodelling has great potential for secondary prevention from ESUS., (Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author(s) 2020. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Duloxetine is a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor that is widely used in chronic pain treatment in various diseases. Hyperprolactinemia and galactorrhea are rare side effects of this medication. Here, we reported a 34-year-old female with multiple sclerosis who used duloxetine for pain management and mood disorder and experienced galactorrhea.

Background and Purpose: Platelets have a crucial role on vascular disease which are involved in pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. Platelet size is measured as mean platelet volume (MPV) and is a marker of platelet activity. Platelets contain more dense granules as the size increases and produce more serotonin and tromboglobulin (b-TG) than small platelets. In this study, the alteration of MPV values were investigated in patients with acute stroke, who had MPV values before stroke, during acute ischemic stroke and 7 days after the stroke. The relationship between this alteration and risk factors, etiology and localization of ischemic stroke were also investigated., Methods: Sixty-seven patients with clinically and radiologically established diagnoses of ischemic stroke were enrolled into the study and stroke etiology was classified by modified Trial of Org 10 172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) classification and, modified Bamford classification was used for localization and stroke risk factors were also evaluated. The platelet counts and MPV values from patient files in patients who had values before stroke (at examination for another diseases), within 24 hours of symptom onset and after 7 further days were analysed., Results: MPV values increased after stroke (10.59±2.26) compared with acute stroke values (9.84±1.64) and the values before stroke (9.59±1.72) (p<0.0001); this alteration of MPV values occured 7 days after stroke (p<0.016). There was a positive correlation between age and MPV values during acute stroke (r=0.270; p<0.05). Patients with atrial fibrillation had higher alteration in the time of MPV compared with patients without atrial fibrillation (p>0.006). We assessed for gender, men (n=38) had a higher alteration in the time of MPV compared with women (n=29) (p=0.013)., Conclusion: Although there was no alteration of platelet counts, MPV values were increased 7 days after stroke in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Objectives: Neurologic complications are common after kidney and liver transplant. Neurologic complications affect mortality and morbidity in transplant recipients, and neuropathic pain is an important symptom affecting a patient's quality of life. The aim of the present study was to provide readers with our experience regarding causes and treatment of neuropathic pain in patients undergoing kidney and liver transplant at our transplantation center., Materials and Methods: The medical data of 553 kidney transplant recipients and 258 liver transplant recipients who received transplant procedures at the Baskent University Transplantation Center between 2008 and May 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Fifty-one patients who were examined by an expert neurologist and diagnosed with neuropathic pain on the basis of clinical, neurologic examination, and laboratory findings were included for analyses., Results: Among 811 transplant recipients, 51 patients (6.2%) were diagnosed with neuropathic pain. Of these, 22 were female and 38 were male patients, and 42 were kidney transplant recipients and 9 were liver transplant recipients. Causes of neuropathic pain included uremia, diabetes mellitus, ischemic peripheral arterial disease, inflammatory neuropathy, vasculitis, discopathy, postherpetic neuralgia, carpal tunnel syndrome, and multiple myeloma. Patients with symptoms too mild to affect daily life activities were treated conservatively. Plasmapheresis, gabapentin, pregabalin, alpha-lipoic acid, and duloxetine were administered as treatment modalities and medications., Conclusions: Neuropathic pain was lower in our transplant recipients than in the general population. Treatment medications were effective for transplant recipients at lower doses for the management of neuropathic pain impairing quality of life than doses for the general population.