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In today's social networking era, information security breaches are at an all-time high, especially when it comes to texts and images, which should come as no surprise. Integrity is therefore crucial for information sharing over an unprotected connection. As a result, image/text encryption is a crucial preprocessing step in today's information transmission. Sensitive information may be sent via image encryption, which facilitates a variety of procedures. Here the proposed method is a combination of the Modified Caesar Cipher and the Card Deck Shuffle Algorithm for image encryption. The Card Deck Shuffle Algorithm rearranges the pixels from the result of the Modified Caesar approach, which encrypts the pixel value of each image. The method employs an n + 8 variable bit key (n is frequently more than 18 in real-world applications), which needs more than $2^{26}$ 2 26 brute force attacks to be successful. The method described here may be used to secure images in a variety of multimedia applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACTIn today's social networking era, information security breaches are at an all-time high, especially when it comes to texts and images, which should come as no surprise. Integrity is therefore crucial for information sharing over an unprotected connection. As a result, image/text encryption is a crucial preprocessing step in today's information transmission. Sensitive information may be sent via image encryption, which facilitates a variety of procedures. Here the proposed method is a combination of the Modified Caesar Cipher and the Card Deck Shuffle Algorithm for image encryption. The Card Deck Shuffle Algorithm rearranges the pixels from the result of the Modified Caesar approach, which encrypts the pixel value of each image. The method employs an n + 8 variable bit key (n is frequently more than 18 in real-world applications), which needs more than [Formula: see text] brute force attacks to be successful. The method described here may be used to secure images in a variety of multimedia applications.

Data is collected and forwarded to the cluster head by sensor nodes in the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). Ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of the data that must be provided to the base station is tough. We recommend using a simple Caesar cipher and Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) technique at the cluster head node level for effective communication from the cluster head to the base station with little power consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process of sending confidential data through the communication media and in complete secrecy is now necessary, whether the data is related to patients, a particular military operation, or a specified office. On the other hand, with the development of various ciphering algorithms, and information hiding algorithms, there is a need to obtain ciphered and hidden data securely without the need to exchange secret keys between the two ends of the communication. In this paper, a hiding algorithm based on fused images and Caesar cipher with intelligent methods to strengthen the security of confidential information is proposed. Firstly, fused image scattering is obtained using 1’s complement and circularly shifting the bits of fused pixels by specified positions before the hiding process. Secondly, the keys for the Caesar cipher are derived from the length of secret information according to the mathematical equation. Thirdly, strengthen the security of Caesar’s cipher by taking a 1’s complement of each letter in the cipher data. The results guarantee the security of the presented algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Caesar cipher algorithm is one of the ancient algorithms. However, due to advances in technology the algorithm is now much simple to breach. This is because; each letter in the message is replaced by the same letter as specified. To raise the safety, some changes can be made. So, here we are going to use another arithmetic algorithm Diffie - Hellman's mode of changing the key to find the secret key and use simple calculations to verify data encryption. After obtaining a private shared key using the Diffie-Hellman method, depending on the operating mode with 26 keys to get the value of 26 or less, then the current character is taken with the key when the additional value of the new character. In any letter in the position of an 'x', the key first increases with an 'x' and is adjusted to get the encrypted letter. Therefore, 2 messages are repeated 2 times and the third letter has 3. This increases safety. This technology can be used to securely transfer sensitive information from one person to another. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces a novel approach to enhance data security through the combination of the caesar cipher with triple pass encryption, utilizing the Krill herd optimization algorithm. The proposed method aims to safeguard sensitive information during transmission and storage by leveraging the strengths of both encryption techniques and optimizing the generation of random keys. In this approach, the caesar cipher adds an extra layer of security by shifting each character in the plaintext by a fixed number of positions. The triple pass encryption further reinforces the encryption process by applying the caesar cipher three times, each with a different shift value. To evaluate the effectiveness of this combined approach, it is compared against the basic caesar cipher and basic triple pass protocol. The experimental results demonstrate superior performance of the proposed method in terms of minimal processing time, 100% accuracy, and zero errors when compared to these traditional techniques. The Krill herd algorithm plays a crucial role in generating random keys and determining the optimal shift values for both the caesar cipher and triple pass encryption. The effectiveness of this combined approach is compared to existing techniques, and the experimental results demonstrate superior performance in terms of minimal processing time, 100% accuracy, and zero errors. This promising solution holds potential for enhancing data security across various domains, as the Krill Herd-based key generation significantly improves the randomness of encryption keys, thereby increasing their resilience against cryptographic attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The art of message masking is called steganography. Steganography keeps communication from being seen by any other person. In the domain of information concealment within images, numerous steganographic techniques exist. Digital photos stand out as prime candidates due to their widespread availability. This study seeks to develop a secure, high-capacity communication system that ensures private interaction while safeguarding information from the broader context. This study used the four least significant bits for steganography to hide the message in a secure way using a hash function. Before steganography, the message is encrypted using one of the encryption techniques: Caesar cipher or Vigenère cipher. By altering only the least significant bits (LSBs), the changes between the original and stego images remain invisible to the human eye. The proposed method excels in secret data capacity, featuring a high peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and low mean square error (MSE). This approach offers significant payload capacity and dual-layer security (encryption and steganography). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The art of message masking is called steganography. Steganography keeps communication from being seen by any other person. In the domain of information concealment within images, numerous steganographic techniques exist. Digital photos stand out as prime candidates due to their widespread availability. This study seeks to develop a secure, high-capacity communication system that ensures private interaction while safeguarding information from the broader context. This study used the four least significant bits for steganography to hide the message in a secure way using a hash function. Before steganography, the message is encrypted using one of the encryption techniques: Caesar cipher or Vigenère cipher. By altering only the least significant bits (LSBs), the changes between the original and stego images remain invisible to the human eye. The proposed method excels in secret data capacity, featuring a high peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and low mean square error (MSE). This approach offers significant payload capacity and dual-layer security (encryption and steganography).

The concept of encryption is noteworthy in terms of both familiarizing mathematically gifted students with technological developments and working with mathematically challenging tasks. Once the proper foundations are established, students can begin to formalize encryption and decryption with algebraic formulas. Encryption can be an important resource for developing functional thinking. Based on the given information, this study designed an encryption algorithm through linear patterns that can be presented as a teaching task in classroom environments to students who are learning at elementary school level and explained the implementation process. The task named "Encryption arising from patterns" is considered important in terms of both creating an encryption algorithm and providing content for the development of mathematical patterns and therefore functional thinking. In the task of "Encryption arising from patterns", the general term of the linear pattern was created by starting from two prime numbers. The numbers corresponding to the first 29 terms of this linear pattern have been calculated. The letters of the alphabet and the terms of the pattern were paired in order. Then, Caeser's Cipher was applied to the letters in the alphabet. Thus, the numbers corresponding to the key letters were assigned to the letters in plaintext. The letters of plaintext were sent to the receiver along with the numbers corresponding to the key letters and the first three steps of the linear pattern, and the encryption task was completed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of data security is essential because data must be maintained securely and in its integrity, starting with the sending procedure and ending with the intended recipient. One way to maintain data security is to use cryptographic techniques, which use data encryption characteristics to transmit messages in secret (information encoding). Information can be encrypted using the Caesar Cipher and One Time Pad, symmetric key cryptographic algorithms. The key must be changed as a critical component of the cryptographic procedure to enhance the data or text's security. This study aims to analyse text encryption on the Caesar Cipher and One Time Pad (OTP) algorithms using a modified symmetric key by implementing a Genetic Algorithm, an optimisation algorithm. The research phase begins by adjusting the key using two types of Genetic Algorithm crossover operators, one-point crossover and two-point crossover, applied to the Caesar Cipher and OTP algorithms. Then testing and analysis of the ciphertext strength are carried out by comparing the frequency of character repetition with the results of implementing the two modification keys to determine which encoding model provides a better data security strength.

Recently, the movement of data between smart devices has piqued the world's curiosity because it transmits important and unimportant data via the Internet. Thus, important data must be encrypted during passing over a network so that information can only access by an intended receiver and processed by it. As a result, information security has become even more critical than before. Our proposal suggests a method to secure data in three stages using cryptography and steganography. The important message will divide into two parts a part will encrypt by Caesar Cipher and another by Vigenere Cipher. The ciphertext will process by Morse code and will then hide in a cover image using Least Significant Bits (LSB) technique. According to the value the of peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) obtained in this work our proposal has an extra security level and robustness. Finally, our research provides more security because of the mixture between cryptography and steganography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) in medical systems has brought much ease in discharging healthcare services by medical practitioners. However, the security and privacy preservation of critical user data remain the reason the technology has not yet been fully maximized. Undoubtedly, a secure IoMT model that preserves individual users' privacy will enhance the wide acceptability of IoMT technology. However, existing works that have attempted to solve these privacy and insecurity problems are not space-conservative, computationally intensive, and also vulnerable to security attacks. In this paper, an IoMT-based model that conserves the privacy of the data, is less computationally intensive, and is resistant to various cryptanalysis attacks is proposed. Specifically, an efficient privacy-preserving technique where an efficient searching algorithm through encrypted data was used and a hybrid cryptography algorithm that combines the modification of the Caesar cipher with the Elliptic Curve Diffie Hellman (ECDH) and Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA) were projected to achieve user data security and privacy preservation of the patient. Furthermore, the modified algorithm can secure messages during transmission, perform key exchanges between clients and healthcare centres, and guarantee user authentication by authorized healthcare centres. The proposed IoMT model, leveraging the hybrid cryptography algorithm, was analysed and compared against different security attacks. The analysis results revealed that the model is secure, preserves the privacy of critical user information, and shows robust resistance against different cryptanalysis attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The progress of communication technology has had a positive impact on human life, including in the field of education. The education office is currently implementing computer-based exams starting from the State Higher Education Entrance Joint Selection (SBMPTN) exam to the School Final Examination. But with the implementation of computer-based exams this is of course the less secure the level, therefore the authors make this research with the aim of securing the exam data that will be tested with Hill cipher cryptography and Caesar cipher. Cryptography is a technique of hiding data that is done to secure data, in this case cryptography aims to secure data on exam questions.

The application of the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) in medical systems has brought much ease in discharging healthcare services by medical practitioners. However, the security and privacy preservation of critical user data remain the reason the technology has not yet been fully maximized. Undoubtedly, a secure IoMT model that preserves individual users’ privacy will enhance the wide acceptability of IoMT technology. However, existing works that have attempted to solve these privacy and insecurity problems are not space-conservative, computationally intensive, and also vulnerable to security attacks. In this paper, an IoMT-based model that conserves the privacy of the data, is less computationally intensive, and is resistant to various cryptanalysis attacks is proposed. Specifically, an efficient privacy-preserving technique where an efficient searching algorithm through encrypted data was used and a hybrid cryptography algorithm that combines the modification of the Caesar cipher with the Elliptic Curve Diffie Hellman (ECDH) and Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA) were projected to achieve user data security and privacy preservation of the patient. Furthermore, the modified algorithm can secure messages during transmission, perform key exchanges between clients and healthcare centres, and guarantee user authentication by authorized healthcare centres. The proposed IoMT model, leveraging the hybrid cryptography algorithm, was analysed and compared against different security attacks. The analysis results revealed that the model is secure, preserves the privacy of critical user information, and shows robust resistance against different cryptanalysis attacks.

The development of applications that can crack passwords or data that has been secured by cryptographic algorithms has made researchers try various ways to further secure the data they have. Even though the method used is quite modern, the algorithm for breaking ciphertext in cryptography can still be created. For this reason, in this study the authors develop cryptographic security by combining it with data compression. In this study, the algorithm used is the classic cryptographic algorithm, namely Caesar Cipher, combined with the Stout Codes compression algorithm. The results of the Caesar Cipher ciphertext are then compressed by applying the Stout Codes algorithm. From the test results using the Brute Force Atack model, the results are quite good, that the security of the encrypted data is quite good and not easily broken.

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Cryptography is one of the most popular fields of study these days as it is necessary to maintain the confidentiality of the data which is sent over the network. There are various cipher techniques available for encrypting the messages such as vernam cipher, mono-alphabetic cipher, poly-alphabetic cipher, etc. One of the most popular cipher techniques is the vigenere cipher. It is a poly-alphabetic cipher technique which uses the vigenere table for the process of encryption of alphabets. This paper extends the vigenere table by including numerical data, so that the numbers can also be encrypted using this technique. It combines the encryption process of vigenere and Caesar cipher for getting the cipher text from the given plaintext and key. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Caesar cipher is a mono alphabetic cipher. It is also a type of substitution cipher in which each letter in the plaintext is 'shifted' a certain number of places down the alphabet. However, Caesar cipher method did not last long because of its simplicity and lack of communication security. Therefore, we believe that strengthen the key mechanism should increase its complexity against the various cryptanalysis attacks. This paper proposes an enhanced Caesar cipher method through adopting two private keys that are tied to the character positions (i.e. odd and even) for encryption and/or decryption. The two private keys are mapped into one public key to be transferred to the recipient. At the end, the results show that the new cryptosystem is inevitable to cryptanalysis attack. And the cipher text is reduced in size and thus, memory space. The public key generation process is proven to be a one-way function utilizing binary matrices that are generated and shared between the two communicating parties. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a secret message, cryptography is more directed to the encrypted message while steganography is more directed at the hidden message. However, both methods have the same goal, namely the attempt to conceal the message. On the other side, it turns out the use of cryptography can often be solved / translated by another person or cryptanalyst. This is possible because usually a text message unreadable gives someone suspicion that the text message contains a certain meaning for the owner of the message. Thus, the cryptanalyst attempts to break the encrypted message. While the use of steganography owner of the information is difficult to determine the method or pattern to be formed in composing the message that will be hidden. In this paper, the authors modify the Caesar cipher method that produces ciphertext that can be read. With the ciphertext that can be read, then cryptanalysis not suspicious of the ciphertext. Caesar cipher modification is done by replacing the alphabet into two parts, the vocals were replaced with the alphabet vocal too, and the consonant alphabet was replaced with a consonantal alphabet. However, there are some alphabet consonants are not replaced, this is because the frequency of the alphabet is rarely used in an Indonesian text. From the test results obtained ciphertext that can be read. With the ciphertext that can be read, then the cryptanalyst not suspicious of the message so that the cryptanalyst does not attempt to solve the ciphertext. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Security is the biggest concern for any information transferred in the world of Internet. Sometimes sensitive information is communicated via insecure medium so various attacks like Brute force, Crypt analytic are possible for recovering message and key. In recent years, encryption technology has been developed very quickly to secure the transmitted information. Existing techniques have separate mechanism for key distribution and for encryption and decryption at source and destination. As per our best knowledge there is no algorithm that is implemented till now that generates the key and then encrypts the message with that key then transfers the message and the key securely so that the same key can be used for decrypting the message. Still the cipher text remains that of original message length. In this paper we have proposed an efficient cryptographic scheme for text message protection against Brute force and Cryptanalytic attacks. This technique can also be used for most crucial applications where it requires a significant security of transmitted message and also there is no overhead on the transfer of message and the key when it is used with our proposed technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Steganography is a technique in which a person hides information in digital media. The message sent by this technique is so secret that other people cannot even imagine the information's existence. This article entails developing a mechanism for communicating one-on-one with individuals by concealing information from the rest of the group. Based on their availability, digital images are the most suited components for use as transmitters when compared to other objects available on the internet. The proposed technique encrypts a message within an image. There are several steganographic techniques for hiding hidden information in photographs, some of which are more difficult than others, and each has its strengths and weaknesses. The encryption mechanism employed may have different requirements depending on the application. For example, certain applications may require complete invisibility of the key information, while others may require the concealment of a larger secret message. In this research, we proposed a technique that converts plain text to ciphertext and encodes it in a picture using up to the four least significant bit (LSB) based on a hash function. The LSBs of the image pixel values are used to substitute pieces of text. Human eyes cannot predict the variation between the initial Image and the resulting image since only the LSBs are modified. The proposed technique is compared with state-of-the-art techniques. The results reveal that the proposed technique outperforms the existing techniques concerning security and efficiency with adequate MSE and PSNR., Competing Interests: Muhammad Asif is an Academic Editor for PeerJ Computer Science., (©2022 Nezami et al.)

This article presents Christian ciphers (counterparts of the well-known Hebrew atbah cipher) used in main languages and scripts of the Christan Orient: in Greek, Coptic, and Syriac, in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. The article also describes other alphabetic substitution ciphers used in these languages and highlights numerical rules in their construction. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Steganography is the technique of hiding confidential information within any media. Steganography is often confused with cryptography because the two are similar in the way that they both are used to protect confidential information. The difference between the two is in the appearance in the processed output; the output of steganography operation is not apparently visible but in cryptography the output is scrambled so that it can draw attention. This paper focuses on the strength of combining cryptography and steganography methods to enhance the security. The proposed method describes a novel method to transmission of encrypted message as Stegano image using video file. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cryptography is an art of converting information (Plain Text) using encrypting algorithms into a form that cannot be understood (Cipher Text) without access to specific decoding algorithms. The key goal of cryptography is to protect data against unauthorized third-party access by applying encryption and Decryption Techniques. The paper proposes an algorithm which uses a randomized technique in order to encrypt and decrypt information. The proposed algorithm uses techniques of cryptography using various versions of Caesar Cipher and a protocol to implement this algorithm using public key generation and randomized technique (generation of random key) . The algorithm uses actual global time of the sending of message to generate the public key. The algorithm is mainly implemented for Mobile Communication. The paper reviews about the proposed algorithm and implements the algorithm by taking five plain texts (of a text message sent from one mobile to another) an input and calculates the corresponding cipher texts. The paper also determines the number of computations in each of the cases and in proposed randomized technique as well as in individual and compares them in order to obtain effective result. It also highlights the pros and cons of using proposed randomized approach in Mobile cryptography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]