14 results on '"Calderón-Loor, Marco"'
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2. Integrated high-resolution, continental-scale land change forecasting
- Author
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Calderón-Loor, Marco, Hadjikakou, Michalis, Hewitt, Richard, Marcos-Martinez, Raymundo, and Bryan, Brett A.
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- 2023
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3. High-resolution wall-to-wall land-cover mapping and land change assessment for Australia from 1985 to 2015
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Calderón-Loor, Marco, Hadjikakou, Michalis, and Bryan, Brett A.
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- 2021
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4. Author Correction: Mature Andean forests as globally important carbon sinks and future carbon refuges
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Duque, Alvaro, Peña, Miguel A., Cuesta, Francisco, González-Caro, Sebastián, Kennedy, Peter, Phillips, Oliver L., Calderón-Loor, Marco, Blundo, Cecilia, Carilla, Julieta, Cayola, Leslie, Farfán-Ríos, William, Fuentes, Alfredo, Grau, Ricardo, Homeier, Jürgen, Loza-Rivera, María I., Malhi, Yadvinder, Malizia, Agustina, Malizia, Lucio, Martínez-Villa, Johanna A., Myers, Jonathan A., Osinaga-Acosta, Oriana, Peralvo, Manuel, Pinto, Esteban, Saatchi, Sassan, Silman, Miles, Tello, J. Sebastián, Terán-Valdez, Andrea, and Feeley, Kenneth J.
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- 2021
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5. Mature Andean forests as globally important carbon sinks and future carbon refuges
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Duque, Alvaro, Peña, Miguel A., Cuesta, Francisco, González-Caro, Sebastián, Kennedy, Peter, Phillips, Oliver L., Calderón-Loor, Marco, Blundo, Cecilia, Carilla, Julieta, Cayola, Leslie, Farfán-Ríos, William, Fuentes, Alfredo, Grau, Ricardo, Homeier, Jürgen, Loza-Rivera, María I., Malhi, Yadvinder, Malizia, Agustina, Malizia, Lucio, Martínez-Villa, Johanna A., Myers, Jonathan A., Osinaga-Acosta, Oriana, Peralvo, Manuel, Pinto, Esteban, Saatchi, Sassan, Silman, Miles, Tello, J. Sebastián, Terán-Valdez, Andrea, and Feeley, Kenneth J.
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- 2021
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6. Historical Assembly of Andean Tree Communities.
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González-Caro, Sebastián, Tello, J. Sebastián, Myers, Jonathan A., Feeley, Kenneth, Blundo, Cecilia, Calderón-Loor, Marco, Carilla, Julieta, Cayola, Leslie, Cuesta, Francisco, Farfán, William, Fuentes, Alfredo F., Garcia-Cabrera, Karina, Grau, Ricardo, Idarraga, Álvaro, Loza, M. Isabel, Malhi, Yadvinder, Malizia, Agustina, Malizia, Lucio, Osinaga-Acosta, Oriana, and Pinto, Esteban
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EFFECT of human beings on climate change ,COLD adaptation ,COMMUNITY forests ,SPECIES diversity ,PLANT communities ,FOREST biodiversity ,CLIMATE change - Abstract
Patterns of species diversity have been associated with changes in climate across latitude and elevation. However, the ecological and evolutionary mechanisms underlying these relationships are still actively debated. Here, we present a complementary view of the well-known tropical niche conservatism (TNC) hypothesis, termed the multiple zones of origin (MZO) hypothesis, to explore mechanisms underlying latitudinal and elevational gradients of phylogenetic diversity in tree communities. The TNC hypothesis posits that most lineages originate in warmer, wetter, and less seasonal environments in the tropics and rarely colonize colder, drier, and more seasonal environments outside of the tropical lowlands, leading to higher phylogenetic diversity at lower latitudes and elevations. In contrast, the MZO hypothesis posits that lineages also originate in temperate environments and readily colonize similar environments in the tropical highlands, leading to lower phylogenetic diversity at lower latitudes and elevations. We tested these phylogenetic predictions using a combination of computer simulations and empirical analyses of tree communities in 245 forest plots located in six countries across the tropical and subtropical Andes. We estimated the phylogenetic diversity for each plot and regressed it against elevation and latitude. Our simulated and empirical results provide strong support for the MZO hypothesis. Phylogenetic diversity among co-occurring tree species increased with both latitude and elevation, suggesting an important influence on the historical dispersal of lineages with temperate origins into the tropical highlands. The mixing of different floras was likely favored by the formation of climatically suitable corridors for plant migration due to the Andean uplift. Accounting for the evolutionary history of plant communities helps to advance our knowledge of the drivers of tree community assembly along complex climatic gradients, and thus their likely responses to modern anthropogenic climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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7. Mapping Above-Ground Carbon Stocks at the Landscape Scale to Support a Carbon Compensation Mechanism: The Chocó Andino Case Study.
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Cuesta, Francisco, Calderón-Loor, Marco, Rosero, Paulina, Miron, Noam, Sharf, Andrei, Proaño-Castro, Carolina, and Andrade, Felipe
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CARBON nanofibers ,MOUNTAIN forests ,TROPICAL forests ,CARBON ,RANDOM forest algorithms ,REMOTE sensing - Abstract
(1) Background: Tropical Mountain forests (TMF) constitute a threatened major carbon sink due to deforestation. Carbon compensation projects could significantly aid in preserving these ecosystems. Consequently, we need a better understanding of the above-ground carbon (AGC) spatial distribution in TMFs to provide project developers with accurate estimations of their mitigation potential; (2) Methods: integrating field measurements and remote sensing data into a random forest (RF) modelling framework, we present the first high-resolution estimates of AGC density (Mg C ha
−1 ) over the western Ecuadorian Andes to inform an ongoing carbon compensation mechanism; (3) Results: In 2021, the total landscape carbon storage was 13.65 Tg in 194,795 ha. We found a broad regional partitioning of AGC density mediated primarily by elevation. We report RF-estimated AGC density errors of 15% (RMSE = 23.8 Mg C ha−1 ) on any 10 m pixel along 3000 m of elevation gradient covering a wide range of ecological conditions; (4) Conclusions: Our approach showed that AGC high-resolution maps displaying carbon stocks on a per-pixel level with high accuracy (85%) could be obtained with a minimum of 14 ground-truth plots enriched with AGC density data from published regional studies. Likewise, our maps increased precision and reduced uncertainty concerning current methodologies used by international standards in the Voluntary Carbon Market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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8. Mapping and characterizing social-ecological land systems of South America
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Zarbá, Lucía, Piquer-Rodríguez, María, Boillat, Sébastien, Levers, Christian, Gasparri, Ignacio, Aide, T. Mitchell, Álvarez-Berríos, Nora L., Anderson, Liana O., Araoz, Ezequiel, Arima, Eugenio, Batistella, Mateus, Calderón-Loor, Marco, Echeverría, Cristian, Gonzalez-Roglich, Mariano, Jobbágy, Esteban G., Mathez-Stiefel, Sarah-Lan, Ramirez-Reyes, Carlos, Pacheco, Andrea, Vallejos, María, Young, Kenneth R., Grau, Ricardo, and Environmental Geography
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Ecology ,social-ecological mapping ,multidisciplinary data ,SDG 8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth ,Hierarchical clustering ,Multidisciplinary data ,Automatization ,Social-ecological mapping ,automatization ,participatory mapping ,Participatory mapping ,500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften ,hierarchical clustering - Abstract
Humans place strong pressure on land and have modified around 75% of Earth's terrestrial surface. In this context, ecoregions and biomes, merely defined on the basis of their biophysical features, are incomplete characterizations of the territory. Land system science requires classification schemes that incorporate both social and biophysical dimensions. In this study, we generated spatially explicit social-ecological land system (SELS) typologies for South America with a hybrid methodology that combined data-driven spatial analysis with a knowledge-based evaluation by an interdisciplinary group of regional specialists. Our approach embraced a holistic consideration of the social-ecological land systems, gathering a dataset of 26 variables spanning across 7 dimensions: physical, biological, land cover, economic, demographic, political, and cultural. We identified 13 SELS nested in 5 larger social-ecological regions (SER). Each SELS was discussed and described by specific groups of specialists. Although 4 environmental and 1 socioeconomic variable explained most of the distribution of the coarse SER classification, a diversity of 15 other variables were shown to be essential for defining several SELS, highlighting specific features that differentiate them. The SELS spatial classification presented is a systematic and operative characterization of South American social-ecological land systems. We propose its use can contribute as a reference framework for a wide range of applications such as analyzing observations within larger contexts, designing system-specific solutions for sustainable development, and structuring hypothesis testing and comparisons across space. Similar efforts could be done elsewhere in the world. Copyright © 2022 by the author(s).
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- 2022
9. South American mountain ecosystems and global change – a case study for integrating theory and field observations for land surface modelling and ecosystem management.
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Nagy, Laszlo, Eller, Cleiton B., Mercado, Lina M., Cuesta, Francisco X., Llambí, Luís D., Buscardo, Erika, Aragão, Luiz E. O. C., García-Núñez, Carlos, Oliveira, Rafael S., Barbosa, Milton, Ceballos, Sergio J., Calderón-Loor, Marco, Fernandes, G. Wilson, Aráoz, Ezequiel, Muñoz, Ariadna M. Q., Rozzi, Ricardo, Aguirre, Francisco, Álvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Salinas, Norma, and Sitch, Stephen
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ECOSYSTEM management ,ALLOMETRIC equations ,MOUNTAIN forests ,FOREST biomass ,ECOLOGICAL disturbances ,MOUNTAIN ecology ,SCIENTIFIC community ,MOUNTAIN soils - Abstract
Plot-based monitoring has yielded much information on the taxonomic diversity and carbon (C) storage in tropical lowland forests of the Amazon basin. This has resulted in an improved understanding of the relationship between lowland forest biomass dynamics and global change drivers, such as climate change and atmospheric CO
2 concentration. Much less attention has been paid to the mountain ecosystems of South America that comprise montane forests and alpine vegetation (páramo, puna, high Andean grasslands, wetlands, and alpine heath). This vegetation complex provides a variety of ecosystem services and forms a natural laboratory along various physiographic, geological and evolutionary history/biogeography, and land use history gradients. Here, we review existing empirical understanding and model-based approaches to quantify the contribution of mountain ecosystems to ecosystem service provision in the rapidly changing socioecological setting of the South American mountains. The objective of this paper is to outline a broad road map for the implementation of mountain vegetation into dynamic global vegetation models (DGVM) for use in Earth System Models (ESM), based on our current understanding of their structure and function and of their responsiveness to global change drivers. We also identify treeline processes, critical in mountain ecosystems, as key missing elements in DGVMs/ESMs, and thus explore in addition a treeline model. Stocktaking of the availability of empirical data was undertaken from eight research sites along the Andes and in south-eastern Brazil. Out of eight sites, two (one each in Venezuela and Brazil) had some climate, ecological and ecophysiological data potentially suitable to parametrise a DGVM. Tree biomass data were available for six sites. A preliminary assessment of the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) DGVM was made to identify gaps in available data and their impacts on model parametrisation and calibration. Additionally, the potential climate-determined elevation of the treeline was modelled to check the DGVM for its ability to identify the transition between the montane forest and alpine vegetation. Outcomes of the evaluation of the JULES land surface model identified the following key processes in montane forests: temperature-related decrease in net primary production, respiration, and allocation to above-ground biomass and increase in soil C stocks with elevation. There was a variable agreement between simulated biomass and those derived from field measurements via allometric equations. We identified major gaps between data availability and the needs for process-based modelling of South American mountain vegetation and its dynamics in DGVMs. To bridge this gap, we propose a transdisciplinary network, composed of members of the theoretical/modelling and empirical scientific communities, to study the natural dynamics of mountain ecosystems and their responses to global change drivers locally, regionally and at the continental scale, within a social-ecological system framework. The work presented here forms the basis for the design of data collection from field measurements and instrumental monitoring stations to parametrise and verify DGVMs. The network is designed to collaborate with and complement existing long-term research initiatives in the region and will adopt existing standard field protocols. Complementary protocols will ensure compatibility between field data collection and data needed for process-based and empirical models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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10. Elevational biodiversity gradients in the Neotropics: Perspectives from freshwater caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera).
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Ríos-Touma, Blanca, Cuesta, Francisco, Rázuri-Gonzales, Ernesto, Holzenthal, Ralph, Tapia, Andrea, and Calderón-Loor, Marco
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CADDISFLIES ,AQUATIC insects ,INSECTS ,GLOBAL environmental change ,NUMBERS of species ,INSECT diversity ,HABITATS - Abstract
Aquatic insects in the order Trichoptera are extremely diverse in number of species and their trophic roles. However, their distribution and diversity patterns are poorly known in the Neotropics, including the species restricted to tropical mountain ecosystems. Recent studies in tropical mountains have shown high levels of endemism of aquatic insects and changes in the composition of communities over short distances. Still, the incidence of environmental filters that explain such patterns has not been addressed quantitatively. Given the relevance of understanding Trichoptera spatial diversity patterns to prioritize conservation areas for freshwaters, as well as to obtain baseline information to predict changes in aquatic communities facing global environmental changes, we assessed the species distribution and assemblages of caddisflies along an elevational gradient from 600 to 3,600 m a.s.l. on the equatorial Andes. In this area, we had long-term continuous climate data with hourly resolution. We collected adult caddisflies in seven localities along this gradient using light traps. We sampled each locality for two hours after sunset for three consecutive days. All specimens collected were identified to species or morphospecies. Our results showed an increase in species and genera numbers with decreasing altitude, albeit no significant. Minimum air temperature is the main environmental variable explaining Trichoptera community assemblages. β‐diversity (taxon turnover among sites), as opposed to species richness, increased with altitude and showed a bimodal distribution along the elevation gradient for both genera and species assemblages, which resulted in a significant shift in community composition of species and genera at 2,000 m a.s.l. Our null-models confirm the observed patterns of B-diversity are non-random and suggest a strong environmental filtering of tropical caddisflies community assemblies and turnover. Geographic distance coupled with changes in environmental conditions along the elevation gradient explained a high percentage of community variance, as documented for other taxa (e.g., vascular plants), suggesting the importance of securing habitat connectivity along the altitudinal gradient to protect aquatic insect diversity effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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11. Elevation and latitude drives structure and tree species composition in Andean forests: Results from a large-scale plot network.
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Malizia, Agustina, Blundo, Cecilia, Carilla, Julieta, Osinaga Acosta, Oriana, Cuesta, Francisco, Duque, Alvaro, Aguirre, Nikolay, Aguirre, Zhofre, Ataroff, Michele, Baez, Selene, Calderón-Loor, Marco, Cayola, Leslie, Cayuela, Luis, Ceballos, Sergio, Cedillo, Hugo, Farfán Ríos, William, Feeley, Kenneth J., Fuentes, Alfredo Fernando, Gámez Álvarez, Luis E., and Grau, Ricardo
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TROPICAL forests ,FOREST density ,LATITUDE ,ALTITUDES ,SPECIES diversity - Abstract
Our knowledge about the structure and function of Andean forests at regional scales remains limited. Current initiatives to study forests over continental or global scales still have important geographical gaps, particularly in regions such as the tropical and subtropical Andes. In this study, we assessed patterns of structure and tree species diversity along ~ 4000 km of latitude and ~ 4000 m of elevation range in Andean forests. We used the Andean Forest Network (Red de Bosques Andinos, https://redbosques.condesan.org/) database which, at present, includes 491 forest plots (totaling 156.3 ha, ranging from 0.01 to 6 ha) representing a total of 86,964 identified tree stems ≥ 10 cm diameter at breast height belonging to 2341 identified species, 584 genera and 133 botanical families. Tree stem density and basal area increases with elevation while species richness decreases. Stem density and species richness both decrease with latitude. Subtropical forests have distinct tree species composition compared to those in the tropical region. In addition, floristic similarity of subtropical plots is between 13 to 16% while similarity between tropical forest plots is between 3% to 9%. Overall, plots ~ 0.5-ha or larger may be preferred for describing patterns at regional scales in order to avoid plot size effects. We highlight the need to promote collaboration and capacity building among researchers in the Andean region (i.e., South-South cooperation) in order to generate and synthesize information at regional scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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12. Carbon sequestration rates indicate ecosystem recovery following human disturbance in the equatorial Andes.
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Calderón-Loor, Marco, Cuesta, Francisco, Pinto, Esteban, and Gosling, William D.
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SPATIAL variation , *HISTOSOLS , *ECOSYSTEMS , *CARBON sequestration , *SEQUESTRATION (Chemistry) , *CARBON in soils - Abstract
Few studies exist that document how high-elevation Andean ecosystems recover naturally after the cessation of human activities and this can limit the implementation of cost-effective restoration actions. We assessed Andean forest (Polylepis stands) and páramo grassland recovery along an elevation gradient (3,600–4,350 m.a.s.l.) in the Yanacocha Reserve (Ecuador) where natural recovery has been allowed since 1995. Within the Yanacocha Reserve in 2012 and 2014 the aboveground biomass (AGB), aboveground necromass (AGN) and belowground biomass (BGB) carbon (C) stocks were measured and C sequestration rates calculated as proxy of ecosystem recovery. The soil organic carbon (SOC) stock to 36-cm depth was also quantified during the 2012 survey. To explore potential drivers of spatiotemporal variation of the forest and páramo C stocks they were related to abiotic and biotic variables. Andean forest C stocks were influenced mainly by disturbance history and tree-species composition. Páramo C stocks´ spatial variation were related to the elevation gradient; we found a positive significant trend in páramo AGB-C stocks with elevation, whereas we found a significant negative trend in AGN-C stocks. Likewise, significant temporal changes were found for AGB-C and AGN-C stocks. Net increases in AGB-C stocks were the largest in the Andean forest and páramo, 2.5 Mg C ha-1 year-1 and 1.5 Mg C ha-1 year-1 respectively. Carbon sequestration rates were partly explained by environmental variables. In the Andean forest, plots with low dominance of Baccharis padifolia were observed to present higher AGB-C and lower BGB-C sequestration rates. In the páramo, higher sequestration rates for AGB-C were found at higher elevations and associated with higher levels of growth-forms diversity. Temporal changes in BGB-C stocks on the contrary were non-significant. Our results indicated that terrestrial aboveground C sequestration rates might be an appropriate indicator for assessing Andean forest and páramo recovery after human disturbance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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13. Thank You to Our 2020 Reviewers.
- Author
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Fox, Peter A., Altintas, Ilkay, Diviacco, Paolo, Donnellan, Andrea, Gentemann, Chelle, Glaves, Helen M., Jiang, Jonathan H., Maute, Astrid, Pirenne, Benoit, and Tiampo, Kristy
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PEERS - Abstract
Key Point: The editors thank the 2020 peer reviewers [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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14. Human Impacts at a Planetary Scale: Why System Change Is Essential
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Ellie Sherrard-Smith, Author and Ellie Sherrard-Smith, Author
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- Nature--Effect of human beings on
- Abstract
As humans, we have remarkable capacity to collaborate, building global infrastructure that connects financial, political and social systems. However, having scaled our infrastructure globally, planetary boundaries have been exceeded in multiple directions. To protect Earth, we now face a task to transition both philosophically and technologically to lifestyles that seek to restore critical functions of natural ecosystems so that we, and other species on the planet, can survive. This is a mammoth challenge that will require changes in the jobs of hundreds of millions of people and a shift in ethic and legislation toward ecological protection and restoration. This book explores the motivations of human society, our global infrastructure and legislation. It highlights various systems and challenges that are contributing to ecosystem and species loss, and documents some of the solutions being offered. The interconnectivity of all these things is evident given the overlapping themes throughout the various sections, and the book serves to collectively highlight some of these major challenges and the locked-in nature of our systems so that we can address them.
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- 2022
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