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In October 1989, Magma Copper Company and its nine unions agreed to engage in a cooperative labor-management partnership. The stimulus for change was the bitter adversarial relationship between labor and management combined with the weak financial position of the company. Based upon extensive interviews with company and union officials, this article describes the impetus, formation, and maintenance of the Magma Copper experience. Highlighted are the specific phases undertaken to develop the partnership along with a description of the ways in which the parties built a trusting relationship. Additionally, the article makes a distinction between Magma's labor-management partnership and other traditional cooperative programs. Hailed as a unique model of employee participation, the Magma Copper endeavor holds important lessons for researchers and practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We studied charge carrier recombination in methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI 3 ) perovskite and the impact of interfaces on the charge carrier lifetime using time-resolved photoluminescence. Pristine films and those covered with organic electron and hole transport materials (ETM and HTM) were investigated at various laser repetition rates ranging from 10 kHz to 10 MHz in order to separate the bulk and interface-affected recombination. We revealed two different components in the PL decay. The fast component (shorter than 300 ns) is assigned to interfacial processes and the slow one to bulk recombination. A high repetition pulse train was shown to shorten PL decay in pristine perovskite while significantly prolonging the photocarrier lifetime in MAPbI 3 covered by TMs. This effect can be qualitatively explained with a kinetic model taking interface traps into account. We demonstrate a significant influence of the excitation repetition rate on photocarrier lifetime, which should be considered when studying charge carrier dynamics in perovskites.