Search

In order to study the enzymatic properties of laccase derived from Lactobacillus and its potential application in biogenic amine degradation, the gene encoding laccase from Lactobacillus plantarum was heterologously expressed and the recombinant laccase was enzymatically characterized. The optimum reaction temperature and pH, the effects of metal ions and chelators on laccase activity, the tolerance of the recombinant laccase to different concentrations of ethanol and the degradation of biogenic amines by the recombinant laccase were determined. The results showed that the optimum reaction temperature and pH of the purified recombinant laccase was 40 ℃ and 4.0, respectively. Low concentrations of Mg2+, Zn2+ and Ca2+ could promote the activity of the recombinant laccase in different degrees, Zn2+ and Ca2+ being most effective. On the contrary, high concentrations of Mn2+, Fe2+ and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid could inhibit the activity of recombinant laccase by 85% or more. Toward the substrate 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), the Michaelis constant and maximum reaction rate of the recombinant laccase were 2.49 mmol/L and 0.22 mmol/(L·min), respectively. In addition, the recombinant laccase had a good tolerance to ethanol at low concentration, and the residual activity was more than 75% after incubation in 20% (V/V) ethanol for 1 h. The degradation rates of tyramine and tryptamine by the recombinant laccase were both 100%, while the degradation rates of spermidine, phenethylamine and histamine were 49.60%, 25.27% and 21.80%, respectively. Based on the above results, the recombinant laccase from L. plantarum has great application potential in the degradation of biogenic amines in low-alcohol fermented beverages and fermented foods.

Electrospinning is an efficient method for generating piezoelectric nanofiber membranes. However, the majority of piezoelectric nanofibers are derived from a limited pool of polymer sources, such as polyvinylidene fluoride, polyacrylonitrile, poly(L -lactic acid), and nylon-11, which restricts the exploration of piezoelectric properties from other polymer nanofibers. This study presents the first-ever investigation into the piezoelectricity of electrospun polyamide-imide (PAI) nanofibers, paving the way for the development of novel functional materials. We discovered that a PAI nanofiber membrane (with a size of 2 × 2 cm2 and a thickness of 100 μm) subjected to compressive impacts (force of 8 N, frequency of 2 Hz) yielded an open-circuit peak-to-peak piezoelectric voltage (Vp–p) of 17.17 ± 0.32 V and a short-circuit peak-to-peak current output (Ip–p) of 0.35 ± 0.02 μA. More significantly, this piezoelectric nanofiber membrane demonstrated exceptional thermal resistance, with a piezoelectric charge coefficient (d33) as high as 116 pC N−1 at room temperature, and a d33 of 97 pC N−1 at 220 °C. This high-temperature resistance performance surpasses that of most reported piezoelectric polymers. Additionally, molecular modeling results suggest that the presence of a net dipole moment in the vertical direction of straight PAI molecular chains enables the formation of a net large dipole in the thickness direction of the nanofiber membrane, thereby accounting for its piezoelectric properties. Electrospun PAI nanofiber membranes may constitute a novel piezoelectric material suitable for high-temperature energy harvesting and sensing applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lekethromycin (LKMS) is a synthetic macrolide compound derivative intended for use as a veterinary medicine. Since there have been no in vitro studies evaluating its potential for drug–drug interactions related to cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes, the effect of the inhibitory mechanisms of LKMS on CYP450 enzymes is still unclear. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of LKMS on dog CYP450 enzymes. A cocktail approach using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was conducted to investigate the inhibitory effect of LKMS on canine CYP450 enzymes. Typical probe substrates of phenacetin, coumarin, bupropion, tolbutamide, dextromethorphan, chlorzoxazone, and testosterone were used for CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4, respectively. This study showed that LKMS might not be a time-dependent inhibitor. LKMS inhibited CYP2A6, CYP2B6, and CYP2D6 via mixed inhibition. LKMS exhibited mixed-type inhibition against the activity of CYP2A6 with an inhibition constant (Ki) value of 135.6 μΜ. LKMS inhibited CYP2B6 in a mixed way, with Ki values of 59.44 μM. A phenotyping study based on an inhibition assay indicated that CYP2D6 contributes to the biotransformation of LKMS. A mixed inhibition of CYP2D6 with Ki values of 64.87 μM was also observed. Given that this study was performed in vitro, further in vivo studies should be conducted to identify the interaction between LKMS and canine CYP450 enzymes to provide data support for the clinical application of LKMS and the avoidance of adverse interactions between other drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Background: Split-tendon medial transposition of lateral rectus (STMTLR) for complete oculomotor palsy can correct large angles of exotropia in adults, but outcomes are variable, and complications are frequent. Only a few pediatric cases have been reported, and further insight is needed to assess the child's alignment outcomes and ability for postsurgical gain of function. The aim of our study is to report the outcomes of this surgical procedure in pediatric cases of complete oculomotor palsy. Methods: A retrospective review of outcomes was conducted on 5 consecutive patients with complete oculomotor palsy treated with STMTLR by a single surgeon (V.S.S.) between 2015 and 2021 at tertiary referral centers. Primary outcome was postoperative horizontal alignment, and secondary outcome was demonstration of gain-of-function activity in the field of action of the paretic medial rectus muscle. Results: Five cases of pediatric complete oculomotor palsy underwent surgical treatment with STMTLR. Subjects averaged 5.3 years old (range 10 months-16 years). Two were female. Etiologies were heterogeneous, and all presented with unilateral (n = 2) or bilateral complete oculomotor palsy with exodeviations ranging from 45 to >120 prism diopters. Two subjects had bilateral disease secondary to military tuberculosis with CNS involvement. A third subject presented iatrogenically with complete bilateral third nerve palsies secondary to removal of a nongerminomatous germ cell tumor (NGGCT) of the pineal gland. The 2 remaining subjects had monocular involvement in their right eye, 1 from compressive neuropathy after a cavernoma midbrain hemorrhage, and 1 from a congenital right oculomotor palsy. All patients were observed to have stable ocular alignment for a period of at least 6 months before surgery. Unilateral STMTLR was performed in all cases except the subject with NGGCT, in which bilateral STMTLR was performed. Measurement of alignment permanence out to 1–3 years postop resulted in an average correction of 40.83 prism diopters (range 37.5–45 prism diopters) per operated eye. Four of 5 subjects regained limited but active adduction eye movements, and the 2 unilateral cases demonstrated improved convergence. None of the subjects experienced significant complications. Conclusions: STMTLR was a safe and effective approach for the surgical correction of complete pediatric oculomotor palsy in our case series. In addition, pediatric patients may benefit from STMTLR with immediate gain-of-function activity in the transposed lateral rectus muscle, which supports the hypothesis that children have a dynamic and adaptive neuroplasticity of visual target selection that predominates established agonist/antagonist neural signaling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the rate and amount of cyclosporine A in cats following oral administration using intravenous administration as a reference. Twenty-four healthy cats were selected and randomly divided into four groups in this study. All animals were adapted in a convenient environment during the whole experiment and no adverse effect was observed. Each animal was given a respective dose only once. Blood samples were collected at scheduled time points and analyzed by the established method. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by professional software used in the whole pharma industry of drug development. As a result, the amount of cyclosporine A absorbed in vivo is from one-fifth to one-third, demonstrating that the medium dose has great potential to get into the body. Due to its common side effects always being associated with the amount of cyclosporine in the blood, it is necessary to monitor the concentration of cyclosporine clinically. Practically, doctors draw blood before or 2 h after taking medicine. In this study, we concluded that taking a blood sample after 4 h has more power to estimate the extent of absorption and will be better at preventing the occurrence of side effects in clinical use. This study aimed to evaluate the absolute bioavailability of cyclosporine in cats by investigating the pharmacokinetic profile after intravenous and oral administration, respectively. Twenty-four clinically healthy cats were enrolled in this study and randomly divided into four groups, namely the intravenous group (3 mg/kg), low oral group (3.5 mg/kg), medium oral group (7 mg/kg), and high oral group (14 mg/kg). Whole blood was obtained at the scheduled time points after a single dose administration and cyclosporine was determined using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry technology (UPLC-MS/MS). Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using the WinNonlin 8.3.4 software via compartmental and non-compartmental models. As a result, the bioavailability values for the low, medium, and high oral groups were 14.64%, 36.98%, and 13.53%, respectively. The nonlinear pharmacokinetic profile was observed in the range from 3.5 mg/kg to 14 mg/kg in cats following oral administration. Whole blood concentrations taken 4 h after oral administration were better correlated with the area under the blood concentration–time curve AUC0–24 with a high regression coefficient (R2 = 0.896). This concentration would be a greater predictor in the following therapeutic drug monitoring. No adverse effect was observed in the whole study process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lekethromycin (LKMS), a novel macrolide lactone, is still unclear regarding its absorption. Thus, we conducted this study to investigate the characteristics of LKMS in rats. We chose the ultrafiltration method to measure the plasma protein binding rate of LKMS. As a result, LKMS was characterized by quick absorption, delayed elimination, and extensive distribution in rats following intramuscular (im) and subcutaneous (sc) administration. Moreover, LKMS has a high protein binding rate (78–91%) in rats at a concentration range of 10–800 ng/mL. LKMS bioavailability was found to be approximately 84–139% and 52–77% after im and sc administration, respectively; however, LKMS was found to have extremely poor bioavailability after oral administration (po) in rats. The pharmacokinetic parameters cannot be considered linearly correlated with the administered dose. Additionally, LKMS and its corresponding metabolites were shown to be metabolically stable in the liver microsomes of rats, dogs, pigs, and humans. Notably, only one phase I metabolite was identified during in vitro study, suggesting most of drug was not converted. Collectively, LKMS had quick absorption but poor absorption after oral administration, extensive tissue distribution, metabolic stability, and slow elimination in rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) is a member of the genus Alphacoronavirus in the family Coronaviridae. It causes acute watery diarrhoea and vomiting in piglets with high a mortality rate. Currently, the GII genotype, PEDV, possesses a high separation rate in wild strains and is usually reported in immunity failure cases, which indicates a need for a portable and sensitive detection method. Here, reverse transcription–recombinase aided amplification (RT-RAA) was combined with the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR)/Cas12a system to establish a multiplexable, rapid and portable detection platform for PEDV. The CRISPR RNA (crRNA) against Spike (S) gene of GII PEDV specifically were added into the protocol. This system is suitable for different experimental conditions, including ultra-sensitive fluorescence, visual, UV light, or flow strip detection. Moreover, it exhibits high sensitivity and specificity and can detect at least 100 copies of the target gene in each reaction. The CRISPR/Cas12a detection platform requires less time and represents a rapid, reliable and practical tool for the rapid diagnosis of GII genotype PEDV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study develops a full‐textile triboelectric bending sensor using an elastic conductive filament and a textile fabric as a tribopair, separated by two short spacer filaments between them. Bending triggers a triboelectric conversion. Such a sensor device can report bending angles in real time, with high sensitivity (0.0611 V deg−1) and linearity (goodness of fit above 0.986). By integrating multiple devices at the exact location, the sensor assembly can detect bending in different directions. This sensor device can be directly prepared on clothes, just using the clothes as one of the tribocomponents, and the preparation is simple, simply sewing the conductive filament to the targeted location on the clothes. The presence of sensors has little effect on the air permeability and fabric softness. In addition, the device is washable and can be used for multiple cycles without losing sensing ability. As a demonstration, the sensor is directly made on gloves and elbow pads to detect the finger bending and elbow joint movements successfully. Moreover, a two‐channel bending sensor is attached to the human wrist to report wrist bending direction. Such a simple sensor design has great potential to develop low‐cost, flexible, wearable bending devices for various applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) technologies have explosive development in the field of energy harvesting and self‐powered sensing. As the key element of triboelectric devices, dielectric polymers have obtained much attention in recent years. The dielectric properties of polymer determine the output performance of TENG. In this paper, we take silicone rubber as an example of dielectric polymers, to study the properties of molecular structure influence on the dielectric properties and mechanical properties by the molecular dynamics simulation method. The free volume fraction, dielectric constant, and mechanical properties of silicone rubbers with different branch chains were calculated. The dielectric constant is highly related to the free volume distribution and the dipole moments of silicone rubbers with different amounts of branch chains. For fewer branch chains silicone rubber, the free volume distribution contributes most to the dielectric constant; for more branch chains silicone rubber, the dipole moment dominates the dielectric constant. Therefore, the silicone rubber ratio has a great influence on the dielectric constant of silicone rubber. With the increase of temperature, the dielectric constant of 2‐chain silicone rubber increases at first and then decreases, and the maximum value is obtained near 300 K. Therefore, it is necessary to control the temperature when silicone rubber is used as a dielectric material. This work can be a guide for improving the dielectric properties of silicone rubber, and it provides a new approach to the optimal design of high‐performance triboelectric nanogenerators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aminoglycoside antibiotic neomycin, which is used to treat external or internal bacterial infections, is primarily administered in veterinary medicine as a sulfate salt. However, no information is available on the pharmacokinetic characteristics and absolute availability of neomycin sulfate after intravenous (i.v.) and oral (p.o.) administrations in swine. Here, these parameters were studied in swine after i.v. and p.o. doses of single 15 mg/kg body weight doses. The blood samples were assessed using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass/mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS) and pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed using a non‐compartmental model. In swine, after the p.o. administration, the elimination half‐life, mean residue time from t0 to the last collection point, mean maximum concentration, mean time to reach maximum concentration and area under concentration–time curve from t0 to the last collection point values were 12.43 ± 7.63 h, 10.25 ± 4.32 h, 0.11 ± 0.07 μg/ml, 1.92 ± 0.97 h and 1.23 ± 0.78 μg·h/ml, respectively, whereas after the i.v. administration, the values were 5.87 ± 1.12 h, 6.07 ± 0.49 h, 15.80 ± 1.32 μg/ml, 0.30 ± 0.38 h and 76.14 ± 3.52 μg·h/ml, respectively. The absolute bioavailability of neomycin sulfate B was 4.84%±0.03. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a novel triboelectric device is developed that consists of a silicone‐coated conductive yarn and a PET film as active substances, and an elastic spacer as a force controller. The silicone‐coated yarn is prepared by applying a thermally curable silicone to conductive yarns using a simple but continuous method. The device made of 20 cm long yarn can generate peak voltage as high as 225 V and current outputs of 2.4 µA. The elastic spacer functions to maintain the yarn and PET film in a separate state when no force is loaded and to adjust the response threshold and detection range by changing the spacer area. In comparison to the triboelectric force‐sensors reported previously, this yarn/film device shows a much larger detection range (24–380 N) and higher flexibility in tuning the detection range. The output voltage‐input force curves of the devices have an R2 value above 0.91, indicating the good linearity between the input force and voltage output. Moreover, a theoretical model is developed to elucidate the influence of the spacer area on the detection range and sensitivity. Such a yarn/film/spacer sensor design may be useful for the development of low‐cost force sensors for various applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acoustic sensors show a wide application in diverse fields. However, it is still a challenge to develop highly sensitive transducing materials for the detection of low‐to‐middle decibel sounds. Herein, for the first time the remarkable property of an acoustic sensor based on electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers in the recognition of human voices is reported. The nanofiber device shows a sensitivity as high as 23 401 mV P−1 to 70 dB sound, which is much higher than most of the acoustic sensors reported in the literature. First the sounds from different musical instruments are used as a standard sound source to show the high accuracy of the nanofiber device to distinguish different sounds, e.g., from both the same and different instruments, and then people's voices are tested. Experimental results show that the device can distinguish people's voices with high resolution and the influence of background noise on speech recognition is very small. The acoustic sensor is stable and can be used in sound detection for a long time. Electrospun PAN membranes may be useful for the development of voice recognition systems for security, environmental protection, scientific research, and other high‐tech applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bipolar disorder is a serious mental disease marked by episodes of depression, mania, hypomania, or mixed states. Patients with bipolar disorder may present with different symptoms at first onset. The aim of this study is to compare demographic and clinical variables based on a patient's first episode of bipolar disorder, including risk of recurrence over a 2-year period. Methods: A large cohort (N = 742) of patients with bipolar disorder in China was analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups according to their first episode of bipolar disorder, either depression or mania. Patients in mixed state first episode were classified based on predominant symptoms. Three hundred eighteen patients of the cohort had a first episode of mania and 424 patients had initial symptoms of depression. Demographic and clinical data were collected. All patients were followed up for 24 months. Data on compliance with follow-up appointments and recurrence of symptoms after 6, 12, 18, and 24 months were collected. Clinical characteristics (course of disease, age of onset, psychiatric family history, etc.) were compared between the mania group and depression groups. Results: More patients with bipolar disorder had a first episode of depression than mania (57.14 vs. 42.86%). Compared with the depression group, the mania group had later age of diagnosis of bipolar disorder [(38.64 ± 13.50) vs. (36.34 ± 14.94), P = 0.028], lower education level [(9.37 ± 4.34) vs. (10.17 ± 4.81), P = 0.017] and longer latency between an initial episode of psychiatric symptoms and formal bipolar diagnosis [(10.80 ± 10.76) vs. (8.85 ± 9.90), P = 0.012]. More patients in the mania group were male and without psychotic symptoms (all P < 0.05). In comparison with the mania group, more patients in the depression group were female, with higher frequency of a reported precipitating event before first mood episode (all P < 0.05). Compared with the depression group, the mania group had more recurrences of illness at the end of 12 months (Z =-2.156, P = 0.031), 18 months (Z =-2.192, P = 0.028), and 24 months (Z = −2.364, P = 0.018). Conclusions: In our study, there are a number of differences in demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with different onset syndromes of bipolar disorder. These differences include gender, education level, diagnosis age, the rate of recurrences, and others. These data of a cohort of Chinese patients add to the growing international literature on the relationship between index episode of bipolar disorder and clinical variables and outcomes. These results and further study may allow clinicians to offer patients and families more reliable prognostic information at the onset of disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The elastic properties of random and ordered ZrO2 nanotube- (ZrNT-) reinforced HA and β-TCP biocomposites were carried out by a numerical investigation with finite element approach. The elastic modulus, shear modulus, and Poisson's ratio affected by various ZrNT volume fractions (5.0 vol.%, 5.5 vol.%, 6.5 vol.%, 7.5 vol.%, 8.5 vol.%, and 10.0 vol.%) and aspect ratios (3, 5, 10 and 20) for both random and ordered reinforced composites were obtained and analysed. The advantages of random and ordered reinforced composites were further discussed. The random reinforced composite is suggested to be a proper candidate for ZrO2 nanotube-reinforced biocomposite on the application of bone repair and the substitute. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We fabricated a type of conductive fabric, specifically single-wall carbon nanotube-coated cotton yarns (SWNT-CYs), for electrocardiography (ECG) signal transmission utilizing a "dipping and drying" method. The conductive cotton yarns were prepared by dipping cotton yarns in SWNTs (single-wall carbon nanotubes) solutions and then drying them at room temperature- a simple process that shows consistency in successfully coating cotton yarns with conductive carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The influence of fabrication conditions on the conductivity properties of SWNT-CYs was investigated. The results demonstrate that our conductive yarns can transmit weak bio-electrical (i.e., ECG) signals without significant attenuation and distortion. Our conductive cotton yarns, which combine the flexibility of conventional fabrics and the good conductivity of SWNTs, are promising materials for wearable electronics and sensor applications in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conducting polymer‐metal Schottky diodes show an interesting mechanical energy‐to‐electricity conversion ability to generate direct current (DC) power without rectification. However, little is reported about how dopants in conducting polymer affect the energy conversion behavior of Schottky diodes. In this study, a novel effect of dopants on mechanical energy‐to‐DC electricity conversion of conducting polymer‐metal Schottky devices is demonstrated. Using polyaniline (PANI) as a model, conducting polymers doped with a series of protonic acids is prepared. Without dopant, the device exhibits low mechanical‐to‐electrical outputs. Protonic acid doping enhances device energy conversion ability, and the dopant molecular dimension plays a significant part in deciding device performance. When HCl is used as dopant, the PANI device could produce peak outputs of 0.9 V and 33.9 µA cm−2 under compressive impact. These novel understandings foster the design of DC generators for various applications. Dopant in conducting polymer shows significant effect on the power outputs of Schottky DC generators. The device with chlorine ion dopant has almost four orders of magnitude increase in electrical output compared to that without dopant in conducting polymer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

KPT-335 (Verdinexor) is a novel SINE that potently inhibits the nucleoprotein Exportin 1 (XPO1/CRM1) of tumor cell lines and reduces the replication level of the influenza virus. KPT-335 is mainly used for the treatment of canine tumors. Drugs for the effective treatment of feline tumors are currently unavailable in China. KPT-335 may have potential in the treatment of cat tumors. However, the effects of KPT-335 in cats are unreported, and no relevant methodology has been established for pharmacokinetic studies. In this study, a UPLC-MS/MS method was developed to determine KPT-335 concentrations in cat plasma, followed by pharmacokinetic studies. Briefly, plasma proteins are precipitated with acetonitrile, and the supernatant was collected for detection after centrifugation. The linearity for KPT-335 in cat plasma was in the range of 5-1,000 ng/mL. Satisfactory accuracy and precision were obtained. The intra-day accuracy was between -4.10% and 10.48%, the precision was ≤4.65%; the inter-day accuracy was between -0.11% and 8.09%, and the precision was ≤5.85%. Intra-day and inter-day accuracy and precision were within regulatory limits. The results of preliminary pharmacokinetic studies were as follows: T max was 1.46 ± 0.51 h; C max was 239.54 ± 190.60 ng·mL -1 ; T 1/2 was 5.16 ± 2.30 h; AUC 0-t was 1439.85 ± 964.64 ng·mL -1 ·h. The AUC 0-∞ was 1589.82 ± 1003.75 ng·mL -1 ·h. The purpose of this study was to develop a rapid and simple UPLC-MS/MS method to detect KPT-335 concentration in cat plasma and to conduct preliminary pharmacokinetic studies to support the future application of KPT-335 in felines., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Yang, Qiu, Kong, Cao, Liu, Chen, Wen, Sun and Cao.)

Background: Differences exist between high- and low-risk endometrial cancer (EC) in terms of whether lymph node dissection is performed. Factors such as tumor grade, myometrial invasion (MDI), and lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) in the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO), European SocieTy for Radiotherapy & Oncology (ESTRO) and European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO) guidelines risk classification can often only be accurately assessed postoperatively. The aim of our study was to estimate the risk classification of patients with endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma before surgery and offer individualized treatment plans based on their risk classification., Methods: Clinical information and last preoperative pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of patients with postoperative pathologically determined endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma were collected retrospectively. The region of interest (ROI) was subsequently plotted in T1-weighted imaging (T1WI), T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) MRI scans, and the traditional radiomics features and deep-learning image features were extracted. A final radiomics nomogram model integrating traditional radiomics features, deep learning image features, and clinical information was constructed to distinguish between low- and high-risk patients (based on the 2020 ESMO-ESGO-ESTRO guidelines). The efficacy of the model was evaluated in the training and validation sets of the model., Results: We finally included 168 patients from January 1, 2020 to July 29, 2021, of which 95 patients in 2021 were classified as the training set and 73 patients in 2020 were classified as the validation set. In the training set, the area under the curve (AUC) of the radiomics nomogram was 0.923 (95%CI: 0.865-0.980) and in the validation set, the AUC of the radiomics nomogram was 0.842 (95%CI: 0.762-0.923). The nomogram had better predictions than both the traditional radiomics model and the deep-learning radiomics model., Conclusion: MRI-based radiomics models can be useful for preoperative risk classification of patients with endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Yang, Cao, Zhou, Li, Lv and Li.)

Background: In recent years, studies on the clinical features and cognitive impairment of patients with different first-episode types of bipolar disorder have received increasing attention. The patients with bipolar disorder may present with different symptoms at first onset. The aim of this study is to assess the cognitive functions of a patient's index episode of bipolar disorder, depression or mania, on risk factors of effecting on cognitive functions., Method: One hundred sixty eight patients with bipolar disorder diagnosed for the first time were enrolled in the study. All patients were divided into two groups according to their index episode of bipolar disorder, either depression or mania. Seventy three patients of the cohort had an index episode mania and 95 patients had initial symptoms of depression. Demographic and clinical disease characteristic data of all enrolled patients were collected. Meanwhile, 75 healthy controls were included. Demographic data of controls were collected. The cognitive functions of all patients and controls were detected by continuous performance test (CPT), digital span test (DST) and Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST). The main cognitive functions data were compared among the mania group, depression group and control group. The relevant risk factors affecting cognitive function were analyzed., Results: (1) Most patients with bipolar disorder had an index episode depression (56.55% vs. 43.45%). Compared with the depression group, the mania group had later age of onset [(24.01 ± 4.254) vs. (22.25 ± 6.472), t  = 2. 122, p = 0.035]. The education level of patient groups was lower than control group ( p  < 0.001). (2) The healthy control group's DST, WCST and CPT scores were better than the patient groups (All p < 0.05). The mania group's DST (forward, reverse, sum), WCST (total responses, completed classifications, correct responses, incorrect responses, percentage of correct responses, completed the number of responses required for classification, the percentage of conceptualization level, the number of persistent responses, non-persistent errors), CPT (2 digit score, 3 digit score, 4 digit score) was better than the depression group ( p < 0.05). (3) In mania group, correlation analysis showed that all CPT parameter, inverse digit span, and the sum of DST was negatively correlated with the education level (All p < 0.05). The CPT-4 digit score was negatively correlated with onset age ( p < 0.05). In the WCST, the number of correct responses, the percentage of correct responses and the percentage of conceptualization level were positively correlated with the BRMS score (All p < 0.05). The number of false responses and persistent responses were negatively correlated with the BRMS score (All p < 0.05). The number of persistent errors and percentage of persistent errors was positively correlated with education years (All p < 0.05). In depression group, there was a positive correlation between inverse digit span and the education level ( p < 0.05)., Conclusion: In our study, there were cognitive impairments in attention, memory, and executive function of patients with different onset syndromes of bipolar disorder. Compared with the mania group, the degree of cognitive impairments in bipolar patients with the depressive episode was more severe. The risk factors affecting cognitive impairments included the age of onset, education level, number of hospitalizations and severity of illness., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Wang, Cao, Cao, Song, Jiang, Wei, Yang and Li.)

Apical periodontitis is a common clinical disease caused by bacteria; bacterial metabolites can cause an imbalance in bone homeostasis, bone mass reduction, and tooth loss. Bone resorption in apical periodontitis causes a concentration of stress in the tooth and periodontal tissues during occlusion, which aggravates the disease. Emerging evidence indicates that bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9), also known as growth differentiation factor 2(Gdf2), may play an important role in tooth and dentoalveolar development. Herein, we investigated the role of BMP9 in the development of apical periodontitis and its effects on the biomechanics of dentoalveolar bone. Apical periodontitis models were established in five BMP9 knockout (KO) mice and five C57BL/6 WT (wild-type) mice. At baseline and 14, 28, and 42 days after modeling, in vivo micro-computed tomography analysis and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction were performed to evaluate the apical lesion in each mouse, and confirm that the animal models were successfully established. Finite element analysis (FEA) was performed to study the stress and strain at the alveolar fossa of each mouse under the same vertical and lateral stress. FEA revealed that the stress and strain at the alveolar fossa of each mouse gradually concentrated on the tooth cervix. The stress and strain at the tooth cervix gradually increased with time but were decreased at day 42. Under the same lingual loading, the maximum differences of the stress and strain at the tooth root in KO mice were greater than those in WT mice. Thus, these findings demonstrate that BMP9 could affect the biomechanical response of the alveolar fossa at the tooth root in mice with apical periodontitis. Moreover, the effects of BMP9 on the biomechanical response of the alveolar bone may be site-dependent. Overall, this work contributes to an improved understanding of the pathogenesis of apical periodontitis and may inform the development of new treatment strategies for apical periodontitis., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Peng, Ma, Cao, Wang, Tan, Chu, Zhou, Fu, Liang, Ran, He, Wang and Huang.)

Background: Classical swine fever (CSF) is a severe infectious disease of pigs that causes significant economic losses to the swine industry., Objectives: This study developed a solid-phase blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (spbELISA) method for the specific detection of antibodies against the CSF virus (CSFV) in porcine serum samples., Methods: A spbELISA method was developed based on the recombinant E2 expressed in Escherichia coli . The specificity of this established spbELISA method was evaluated using reference serum samples positive for antibodies against other common infectious diseases. The stability and sensitivity were evaluated using an accelerated thermostability test., Results: The spbELISA successfully detected the antibody levels in swine vaccinated with the C-strain of CSFV. In addition, the detection ability of spbELISA for CSFV antibodies was compared with that of other commercial ELISA kits and validated using an indirect immunofluorescence assay. The results suggested that the spbELISA provides an alternative, stable, and rapid serological detection method suitable for the large-scale screening of CSFV serum antibodies., Conclusions: The spbELISA has practical applications in assessing the vaccination status of large pig herds., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (© 2022 The Korean Society of Veterinary Science.)