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Lifelines are critical infrastructure systems characterized by a high level of interdependency that can lead to cascading failures after any disaster. Many approaches can be used to analyze infrastructural interdependencies, but they are usually not able to describe the sequence of events during emergencies. Therefore, interdependencies need to be modeled also taking into account the time effects. The methodology proposed in this paper is based on a modified version of the Input-output Inoperability Model and returns the probabilities of failure for each node of the system. Lifelines are modeled using graph theory, while perturbations, representing a natural or man-made disaster, are applied to the elements of the network following predetermined rules. The cascading effects among interdependent networks have been simulated using a spatial multilayer approach, while the use of an adjacency tensor allows to consider the temporal dimension and its effects. The method has been tested on a case study based on the 2011 Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear disaster. Different configurations of the system have been analyzed and their probability of occurrence evaluated. Two models of the nuclear power plant have been developed to evaluate how different spatial scales and levels of detail affect the results.

En el contexto educativo, se ha estudiado extensamente el discurso enseñante clásico, o discurso vertical de docente a alumno. Sin embargo, en la actualidad, el aprendizaje colaborativo ha cobrado mayor relevancia. Inicialmente las investigaciones sobre aprendizaje colaborativo se centraban en explorar los resultados y efectos de la colaboración. No obstante, estudios posteriores identificaron la necesidad de analizar el proceso mismo del trabajo colaborativo. Sin embargo, el análisis metodológico presenta desafíos debido a su complejidad. En ese sentido, se han propuesto diversas metodologías, desde enfoques cualitativos (análisis de datos textuales) hasta enfoques sistemáticos basados en categorías analíticas (análisis de datos categorizados). Reconocer dichas metodologías resulta crucial para mejorar la comprensión y avanzar hacia herramientas analíticas más eficaces (Campbell, 2021; Leguizamón et al., 2020). Por tal motivo, el objetivo del presente artículo es realizar una revisión bibliográfica sobre las diferentes metodologías de análisis del discurso colaborativo a partir de la consideración de casos paradigmáticos, representativos de la variedad de enfoques metodológicos existentes. Para ello se realizó una revisión bibliográfica panorámica de los últimos 10 años en las bases de datos: SciELO, Redalyc, ERIC y Scopus. Se incluyeron estudios empíricos que analizaban interacciones verbales en contextos colaborativos, tanto presenciales como virtuales, sincrónicos y asincrónicos. Del total de artículos recuperados, en esta revisión se analizan ocho casos particulares, aquellos que pueden considerarse paradigmáticos de los tipos señalados. Los resultados obtenidos muestran una amplia variedad de metodologías disponibles para analizar el discurso colaborativo. Dicha diversidad metodológica no solo enriquece la investigación al proporcionar múltiples vías de abordaje, sino que también permite a los investigadores validar sus resultados utilizando diferentes métodos.

Living Archives perform a function of social memory sharing, which contributes to building social bonds, communities, and identities. This potential lays in the ability of Living Archives to put together an archival function, which allows with the conservation and transmission of memory, with an artistic, performative and creative function linked to the present. As part of the DARE-UIA (Digital environment for colaborative alliances to regenerate urban ecosystem in middle-sized cities) project, the creation of a living digital archive made possible to create a narrative that would consolidate the cultural memory of the Darsena district of the city of Ravenna. The aim of the project is to stimulate the urban regeneration of a suburban area of a city, enhancing its cultural memory and identity heritage, through digital heritage tools. The methodology used involves various digital storytelling actions necessary for the overall narrative using georeferencing systems (GIS), storymaps and 3D reconstructions for a transversal narration of historical content such as personal and institutional historical photos and to enhance the industrial archeology heritage of the neighborhood. The aim is the creation of an interactive and replicable narrative in similar contexts to the Darsena district in Ravenna. The Living Archive, in which all the digital contents are inserted, finds its manifestation towards the outside with the form of a museum spread throughout the neighborhood, making the contents usable on smartphones via QR codes and totems inserted on-site, creating thematic itineraries spread around the neighborhood. The construction of an interactive and engaging digital narrative has made possible to enhance the material and immaterial heritage of the neighborhood by recreating the community that has historically always distinguished it.

ABSTRACTVerticillium wilt of olive (VWO), caused by Verticillium dahliae, is a major concern in many olive-growing countries. An efficient VWO control measure is the use of tolerant/resistant cultivars. Low information is available about olive secondary metabolites and its relationship with VWO tolerance. In this study, a comprehensive metabolic profiling of the roots of six olive cultivars differing in their level of tolerance/susceptibility to VWO was addressed. Potential changes in the metabolite profiles due to the presence of the pathogen were also assessed. A strong relationship between the quantitative basal composition of the root secondary metabolic profile and VWO tolerance/susceptibility of olive varieties was found. Tolerant cultivars showed higher content of secoiridoids, while the susceptible ones presented greater amounts of verbascoside and methoxypinoresinol glucoside. The presence of V. dahliae only caused few significant variations mostly restricted to the earliest times after inoculation. Thus, a rapid activation of biochemical-based root defense mechanisms was observed.Key policy highlights Quantitative differences of secondary metabolites in roots contribute to explain the tolerance/susceptibility of olive cultivars to Verticillium dahliae.Higher basal content of secoiridoids correlate with tolerance, while greater concentration of verbascoside and methoxypinoresinol glucoside seem to be linked to susceptibility.Few alterations are observed in the olive root metabolic profiles in the presence of the pathogen.Changes in the root metabolic profile occur at early times after pathogen inoculation which suggests a rapid activation of a biochemical-based defense response against V. dahliae.

The holobiont concept has revolutionized our understanding of plant-associated microbiomes and their significance for the development, fitness, growth and resilience of their host plants. The olive tree holds an iconic status within the Mediterranean Basin. Innovative changes introduced in olive cropping systems, driven by the increasing demand of its derived products, are not only modifying the traditional landscape of this relevant commodity but may also imply that either traditional or emerging stresses can affect it in ways yet to be thoroughly investigated. Incomplete information is currently available about the impact of abiotic and biotic pressures on the olive holobiont, what includes the specific features of its associated microbiome in relation to the host’s structural, chemical, genetic and physiological traits. This comprehensive review consolidates the existing knowledge about stress factors affecting olive cultivation and compiles the information available of the microbiota associated with different olive tissues and organs. We aim to offer, based on the existing evidence, an insightful perspective of diverse stressing factors that may disturb the structure, composition and network interactions of the olive-associated microbial communities, underscoring the importance to adopt a more holistic methodology. The identification of knowledge gaps emphasizes the need for multilevel research approaches and to consider the holobiont conceptual framework in future investigations. By doing so, more powerful tools to promote olive’s health, productivity and resilience can be envisaged. These tools may assist in the designing of more sustainable agronomic practices and novel breeding strategies to effectively face evolving environmental challenges and the growing demand of high quality food products.

Background: Mechanical ventilation significantly improves patient survival but is associated with complications, increasing healthcare costs and morbidity. Identifying optimal weaning times is paramount to minimize these risks, yet current methods rely heavily on clinical judgment, lacking specificity. Methods: This study introduces a novel multiparametric predictive score, the MUSVIP (MUltiparametric Score for Ventilation discontinuation in Intensive care Patients), aimed at accurately predicting successful extubation. Conducted at Santo Stefano Hospital’s ICU, this single-center, observational, prospective cohort study will span over 12 months, enrolling adult patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation. The MUSVIP integrates variables measured before and during a spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) to formulate a predictive score. Results: Preliminary analyses suggest an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.815 for the MUSVIP, indicating high predictive capacity. By systematically applying this score, we anticipate identifying patients likely to succeed in weaning earlier, potentially reducing ICU length of stay and associated healthcare costs. Conclusion: This study’s findings could significantly influence clinical practices, offering a robust, easy-to-use tool for optimizing weaning processes in ICUs.

Introduction: Biogenic fraction of airborne PM10 dominated by bacteria and fungi, has been recognized as serious environmental and human health issues in cities.Methods: In the present study, we combined a high-throughput amplicon sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and the fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, with elemental analysis of airborne particulate matter (PM10) to investigate the community compositions and structures of PM10-associated bacteria and fungi across four different seasons in three urban sites of Rome with differential pollution rate.Results: In this study, а clear seasonal shift of bacterial and fungal community structure driven by PM10 mass concentrations and environmental factors, such as temperature and precipitations, has been identified. In addition, the seasonal impact of local sources and long-range transported air masses on the community structures of the microbes has been also postulated. Our data revealed that the lack of precipitation and the subsequent resuspension of dust produced by vehicular traffic might contribute to the maximum abundance of soil-associated microbes in winter and summer. However, the increase of PM10 concentrations favoured also by climatic conditions, domestic heating and dust advection event from African desert further shaped the community structure of winter. Across three seasons, the pollutant removal-hydrogen oxidation bacteria and the opportunist-human pathogenic fungi progressively increased with pollution levels, in the sequence from green to residential and/or polluted area close to the traffic roads, with highest fraction during winter.Discussion: Hence, our results highlight a close interrelationship between pollution, climatic factors and abundance of certain bacterial and fungal predicted functional groups also with potential implications for human health.

Una mirada de los artículos de revisión bibliográfica sobre el aprendizaje colaborativo a nivel universitario publicados en los últimos cinco años permite constatar una ausencia de análisis comparativo sistemático de criterios analíticos explícitos y exhaustivos que permitan ordenar dichos aportes. Precisamente, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue proponer un modelo analítico referencial que permita una clara sistematización del corpus de artículos recuperados en el periodo 2018-2022. Para cumplir con dicho objetivo, se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos SciELO, Redalyc, Eric y Dialnet. Se recuperaron 71 investigaciones. En la primera parte del manuscrito se analizó este corpus de investigaciones en función de los criterios analíticos construidos o variables. En la segunda parte, se analizaron de forma inclusiva las variables del modelo propuesto. En función de esta sistematización, se seleccionaron 12 artículos que pueden ser considerados paradigmáticos de dichas variables y modalidades clasificatorias. A modo de conclusión, el modelo analítico propuesto permitió detectar la diversidad existente en los artículos publicados en los últimos cinco años. A pesar de esta gran variedad de investigaciones, el ordenamiento de los artículos según criterios clasificadores posibilita dilucidar ciertos patrones. Se encontraron investigaciones que estudian las interacciones que se dan en el proceso de colaboración, ciertas condiciones bajo las cuales el aprendizaje colaborativo resulta más eficiente y la efectividad de determinadas estrategias para apoyar los procesos interaccionales, regulatorios y metacognitivos de los estudiantes.

Abstract Background Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a leading preventable cause of morbidity and mortality, but relapse rates are high even with available treatments. Insomnia is a robust predictor of relapse and pilot studies have shown that CBT for insomnia improves insomnia and daytime functioning in adults with AUD and insomnia. The impact of CBT for insomnia on relapse, however, is unclear. This trial will compare telemedicine-delivered CBT for insomnia (CBT-TM) with sleep hygiene education (SHE-TM) on improving insomnia/sleep, daytime symptom, and drinking outcomes in treatment-seeking AUD adults with insomnia. The study will also determine the effects of treatment on sleep mechanisms and their association with clinical outcomes. Methods This is a single-site randomized controlled trial with planned enrollment of 150 adults meeting criteria for both AUD and chronic insomnia. Eligible participants will be randomized 1:1 to 6 sessions of telemedicine-delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-TM) or Sleep Hygiene Education (SHE-TM) with clinical assessments conducted at pre-treatment, post- treatment, and at 3, 6, and 12 months post-treatment. Overnight polysomnography will be conducted before and after treatment. Primary clinical outcomes will include post-treatment scores on the Insomnia Severity Index and the General Fatigue subscale of the Multidisciplinary Fatigue Inventory, and the percent of days abstinent (PDA) on the interview-administered Time Line Follow Back. EEG delta activity, derived from overnight polysomnography, will be the primary endpoint to assess the sleep homeostasis mechanism. Discussion This adequately powered randomized controlled trial will provide clinically relevant information about whether targeting insomnia is effective for improving treatment outcomes among treatment-seeking adults with AUD. Additionally, the study will offer new scientific insights on the impact of an evidence-based non-medication treatment for insomnia on a candidate mechanism of sleep dysfunction in this population - sleep homeostasis. Trial registration CClinicalTrials.gov NCT # 04457674 . Registered on 07 July 2020.

Rotator cuff tears are among the most common orthopaedic injuries. If not treated, they can result in a massive irreparable tear because of tendon retraction and muscle atrophy. Mihata et al. in 2012 described the technique of superior capsular reconstruction (SCR) using fascia lata autograft. This has been considered an acceptable and effective method for treating irreparable massive rotator cuff tears. We describe an arthroscopically assisted superior capsular reconstruction (ASCR) technique using all soft anchors to preserve the bone stock and reduce possible hardware complications. Moreover, knotless anchors for the lateral fixation make the technique easier to reproduce.

Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) is defined as a highly invasive B-cell lymphoma, usually characterized by an excellent prognosis, more than 90% of children and adolescents being cured with highly dose-intensive multiagent chemotherapy. Primary ovarian localization without involvement of other organs is a rare manifestation of BL, especially in pediatric population. Symptoms at diagnosis are similar to other ovarian lesions and differential diagnosis may be challenging for clinicians. A 12-year-old girl was referred to our institution for abdominal pain and palpable mass observed by the pediatrician. Diagnostic work-up demonstrated a large mass arising from the right ovary, causing compression on abdominal aorta, inferior vena cava, ureters and bowel, with a second smaller lesion on the left ovary. At surgery, a 15 cm-large, ruptured mass arising from the right ovary was found, associated with a second lesion originating from the left ovary (8 cm) and multiple nodules of the greater omentum. Right salpingo-oophorectomy was performed, incisional biopsies were taken from the left ovary and omental nodules and peritoneal fluid samples were collected for cytology. Pathology revealed a Burkitt lymphoma and the patient underwent chemotherapy according to AIEOP LNH-97 Protocol, group R3 with Rituximab. Preoperative diagnosis of primary ovarian lymphoma is extremely difficult. Surgical exploration is often necessary in patients presenting with acute abdominal or pelvic pain; when the suspicion of primary ovarian lymphoma arises intraoperatively, every effort should be made to minimize invasive procedure in order to enhance post-operative recovery.

This paper introduces a methodology to compensate inertial Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (IMU-MEMS) time-varying calibration loss, induced by stress and aging. The approach relies on a periodic assessment of the sensor through specific stimuli, producing outputs which are compared with the response of a high-precision sensor, used as ground truth. At any re-calibration iteration, differences with respect to the ground truth are approximated by quantization-aware trained tiny neural networks, allowing calibration-loss compensations. Due to the unavailability of aging IMU-MEMS datasets, a synthetic dataset has been produced, taking into account aging effects with both linear and nonlinear calibration loss. Also, field-collected data in conditions of thermal stress have been used. A model relying on Dense and 1D Convolution layers was devised and compensated for an average of 1.97 g and a variance of 1.07 g2, with only 903 represented with 16 bit parameters. The proposed model can be executed on an intelligent signal processing inertial sensor in 126.4 ms. This work represents a step forward toward in-sensor machine learning computing through integrating the computing capabilities into the sensor package that hosts the accelerometer and gyroscope sensing elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Verticillium wilt of olive (VWO), caused by the soil-borne vascular pathogen Verticillium dahliae, is one of the most devastating diseases affecting olive, the woody crop. One of the best VWO management measures is the use of tolerant cultivars. Yet, our knowledge about defense mechanisms that operate at the root level to explain tolerance to this disease is incomplete. Moreover, most of the approaches so far followed focus only on a specific mechanistic level (e.g., genetic, physiological, or biochemical) rather than on a holistic/multilevel perspective. In this study, eighteen root functional traits, the time-course expression of nine defense-related genes, the root lignin content, and the root membrane permeability were evaluated in six olive varieties differing in their level of tolerance/susceptibility to VWO. The aim was to find links between the level of tolerance to VWO and specific root defense mechanisms at the structural, genetic, biochemical, and physiological levels. Tolerant and susceptible cultivars showed substantial differences in the root system architecture and root lignin content. VWO-susceptible cultivars presented roots with higher specific length and area, but lower diameter and larger number of forks and tips compared to tolerant varieties that also showed less branched roots, higher root diameter, and larger basal content of lignin. Interestingly, VWO-tolerant varieties significantly increased their root lignin content and root membrane permeability after inoculation with V. dahliae. These results were seldom (or not at all) observed in the susceptible plants. At the genetic level, genes related to defense mechanisms, such as cell wall lignin biosynthesis (C4H and CO-MT), production of hydrolytic enzymes able to degrade the fungal cell wall (β-1.3-glucanase), and activation of innate immunity (BAK1 and WRKY5) increased their expression in tolerant cultivars from early moments after inoculation, in contrast to the susceptible ones. These results showed that differences in the root system architecture and lignin content may greatly determine the performance of olive against colonization and invasion by V. dahliae. Moreover, the increase in root membrane permeability in the presence of the pathogen was a typical response of tolerant cultivars. Finally, VWO-tolerant cultivars were able to mount a more intense and rapid defense-related genetic response to respond to the attack by V. dahliae.

Peach latent mosaic viroid (PLMVd) is an important pathogen that causes disease in peaches. Control of this viroid remains problematic because most PLMVd variants are symptomless, and although there are many detection tests in use, the reliability of PCR-based methods is compromised by the complex, branched secondary RNA structure of the viroid and its genetic diversity. In this study, a duplex RT-qPCR method was developed and validated against two previously published single RT-qPCRs, which were potentially able to detect all known PLMVd variants when used in tandem. In addition, in order to simplify the sample preparation, rapid-extraction protocols based on the use of crude sap or tissue printing were compared with commercially available RNA purification kits. The performance of the new procedure was evaluated in a test performance study involving five participant laboratories. The new method, in combination with rapid-sample-preparation approaches, was demonstrated to be feasible and reliable, with the advantage of detecting all different PLMVd isolates/variants assayed in a single reaction, reducing costs for routine diagnosis.

This paper presents a dataset of images generated via 3D graphics rendering. The dataset is composed by pictures of the junction between the high-speed shaft and the external bracket of the power generator inside a wind turbine cabin, in presence and absence of oil leaks. Oil leak occurrence is an anomaly that can verify in a zone of interest of the junction. Since the wind turbines industry is becoming more and more important, turbines maintenance is growing in importance accordingly. In this context a dataset, as we propose, can be used, for example, to design machine learning algorithms for predictive maintenance. The renderings have been produced, from various framings and various leaks shapes and colors, using the rendering engine Keyshot9. Subsequent preprocessing has been performed with Matlab, including images grayscale conversion and image binarization. Finally, data augmentation has been implemented in Python, and it can be easily extended/customized for realizing any further processing. The Matlab and Python source codes are also provided. To the authors’ knowledge, there are no other public available datasets on this topic.

Abstract Background Verticillium wilt of olive (VWO) is caused by the soilborne fungal pathogen Verticillium dahliae. One of the best VWO management measures is the use of tolerant/resistant olive cultivars. Knowledge on the olive-associated microbiome and its potential relationship with tolerance to biotic constraints is almost null. The aims of this work are (1) to describe the structure, functionality, and co-occurrence interactions of the belowground (root endosphere and rhizosphere) microbial communities of two olive cultivars qualified as tolerant (Frantoio) and susceptible (Picual) to VWO, and (2) to assess whether these communities contribute to their differential disease susceptibility level. Results Minor differences in alpha and beta diversities of root-associated microbiota were detected between olive cultivars regardless of whether they were inoculated or not with the defoliating pathotype of V. dahliae. Nevertheless, significant differences were found in taxonomic composition of non-inoculated plants’ communities, “Frantoio” showing a higher abundance of beneficial genera in contrast to “Picual” that exhibited major abundance of potential deleterious genera. Upon inoculation with V. dahliae, significant changes at taxonomic level were found mostly in Picual plants. Relevant topological alterations were observed in microbial communities’ co-occurrence interactions after inoculation, both at structural and functional level, and in the positive/negative edges ratio. In the root endosphere, Frantoio communities switched to highly connected and low modularized networks, while Picual communities showed a sharply different behavior. In the rhizosphere, V. dahliae only irrupted in the microbial networks of Picual plants. Conclusions The belowground microbial communities of the two olive cultivars are very similar and pathogen introduction did not provoke significant alterations in their structure and functionality. However, notable differences were found in their networks in response to the inoculation. This phenomenon was more evident in the root endosphere communities. Thus, a correlation between modifications in the microbial networks of this microhabitat and susceptibility/tolerance to a soilborne pathogen was found. Moreover, V. dahliae irruption in the Picual microbial networks suggests a stronger impact on the belowground microbial communities of this cultivar upon inoculation. Our results suggest that changes in the co-occurrence interactions may explain, at least partially, the differential VWO susceptibility of the tested olive cultivars. Video abstract.

We propose a long-overdue subgeneric classification of Fagus and revision of its western Eurasian taxa based on population-level sampling of morphological and molecular data. The molecular sequence data bolstering this classification derive from nuclear-encoded genetic markers. Fagus subg. Fagus comprises twelve species, of which two occur in North America, four in western Eurasia, and six in East Asia. Fagus subg. Englerianae Denk & G. W. Grimm comprises three East Asian species. Application of a new species concept using fine-scale data justifies the recognition of previously overlooked cryptic taxa. Beech trees from western Eurasia are currently treated as one species, F. sylvatica L., with two subspecies. Despite this, several previous studies pointed out distinct differences between beech populations from Europe, Turkey, the Caucasus region, and the Hyrcanian forest region including the Talysh Mountains of Azerbaijan and the forests south of the Caspian Sea in Iran. All newly generated data indicate that the various Oriental beeches reflect divergences and speciation processes predating the split between the European beech and its eastern siblings. Therefore, based on morphological and molecular differences, we recognize four species in western Eurasia, the European F. sylvatica L., the chiefly northwestern Turkish F. orientalis Lipsky, the Caucasian F. hohenackeriana Palib., and the Hyrcanian F. caspica Denk & G. W. Grimm. Diagnostic genotypic characteristics are included in the descriptions. Citation: Denk T., Grimm G. W., Cardoni S., Csilléry K., Kurz M. Schulze E.-D., Simeone M. C. & Worth J. R. P. 2024: A subgeneric classification of Fagus (Fagaceae) and revised taxonomy of western Eurasian beeches. – Willdenowia 54: 151–181. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.54.54301 Version of record first published online on 2 October 2024 ahead of inclusion in December 2024 issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes a case of a glioneuronal tumor with ATRX alteration, kinase fusion, and anaplastic features (GTAKA) in an adolescent patient. The tumor initially presented as a supratentorial ependymoma but rapidly disseminated to the leptomeninges within three months of surgery. The tumor exhibited specific genetic and epigenetic features of GTAKA, including loss of ATRX expression, a ZMIZ1::RET fusion, and a DNA methylation signature consistent with GTAKA. The case adds to the limited literature on this rare group of tumors and highlights the need for further research on their biological behavior and treatment options. [Extracted from the article]

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo relatar a experiência de estágio de alunas de um curso de graduação em Psicologia em um Centro de Convivência e Fortalecimento de Vínculos (CCFV). Foram realizados grupos com crianças com o objetivo de trabalhar questões relativas às suas vivências cotidianas e as emoções dali advindas. Em todas as intervenções utilizou-se como mediadores do processo grupal materiais artísticos e lúdicos, incluindo desenho, sucata, contação de histórias e brincadeiras diversas. Observou-se que os temas mais frequentemente expressos pelas crianças, através de suas falas e de suas produções artísticas, relacionavam-se ao vínculo com a mãe e familiares, perdas e conflitos e aqueles marcados por diferenciações de gênero. Além de relevante por possibilitar ao grupo de crianças o (re)criar e o (re)pensar de sentimentos, ações, relações e vivências, a experiência de estagiar em um CCFV evidenciou inúmeras dificuldades e desafios, como a rotatividade dos funcionários e a precariedade do serviço e do vínculo com o Centro de Referência de Assistência Social (CRAS).

Abstract Background This study aims to explore if the arthroscopically assisted reduction and internal fixation (ARIF) technique is superior to the traditional open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) technique in the treatment of tibial lateral plateau fractures. Methods Forty patients with tibial plateau fractures (Schatzker type I–III) treated with ARIF or ORIF from 2012 to 2017 were included in this retrospective study. All patients received pre-operative radiographs and CT scans. The patients were divided into two groups (ARIF or ORIF). All patients had a minimum follow-up of 12 months and an average follow-up of 44.4 months. The clinical and radiographic outcomes were evaluated according to the Knee Society Score (KSS) and the modified Rasmussen radiological score. Results Satisfactory clinical and radiological results were found in 39 out of 40 (97.5%) patients. KSS and modified Rasmussen radiological score were significantly better in ARIF group. The mean KSS was 92.37 (± 6.3) for the ARIF group and 86.29 (± 11.54) for the ORIF group (p

Verticillium wilt of olive (VWO), caused by the soil borne fungus Verticillium dahliae, is one of the most relevant diseases affecting this crop worldwide. One of the best VWO management strategies is the use of tolerant cultivars. Scarce information is available about physiological and structural responses in the leaves of olive cultivars displaying different levels of tolerance to VWO. To identify links between this phenotype and variations in functional characteristics of the leaves, this study examined the structural and physiological traits and the correlations among them in different olive varieties. This evaluation was conducted in the presence/absence of V. dahliae. On the one hand, no leaf trait but the area was related to VWO tolerance in the absence of the pathogen. On the other hand, after inoculation, susceptible cultivars showed lower leaf area and higher leaf mass per area and dry matter content. Furthermore, at the physiological level, these plants showed severe symptoms resembling water stress. Analyzing the relationships among physiological and structural traits revealed differences between tolerant and susceptible cultivars both in the absence and in the presence of V. dahliae. These results showed that olive leaves of VWO-tolerant and VWO-susceptible cultivars adopt different strategies to cope with the pathogen.