1. Development and implementation of a scalable and versatile test for COVID-19 diagnostics in rural communities
- Author
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Robyn A. Umans, N. Bissell, Harald Sontheimer, F. M. Michel, Dipan C. Patel, Carmen Muñoz-Ballester, Carla V. Finkielstein, Oscar B. Alcoreza, Michael J. Friedlander, T. Maynard, P. Bordwine, Bhanu P. Tewari, Allison N. Tegge, A. Ceci, Daniel Martinez-Martinez, Joelle Martin, and K. L. Brown
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Emergency Use Authorization ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Public land ,Computer science ,Science ,Supply chain ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Article ,Specimen Handling ,Genomic analysis ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Limit of Detection ,Nasopharynx ,Pandemic ,medicine ,Humans ,Pandemics ,Health policy ,Multidisciplinary ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Public health ,COVID-19 ,General Chemistry ,Equipment Design ,Gene expression profiling ,Test (assessment) ,Identification (information) ,030104 developmental biology ,Risk analysis (engineering) ,COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Testing ,Communicable Disease Control ,Printing, Three-Dimensional ,RNA, Viral ,Reagent Kits, Diagnostic ,Rural Health Services ,Rural area ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Rapid and widespread testing of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is essential for an effective public health response aimed at containing and mitigating the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Successful health policy implementation relies on early identification of infected individuals and extensive contact tracing. However, rural communities, where resources for testing are sparse or simply absent, face distinctive challenges to achieving this success. Accordingly, we report the development of an academic, public land grant University laboratory-based detection assay for the identification of SARS-CoV-2 in samples from various clinical specimens that can be readily deployed in areas where access to testing is limited. The test, which is a quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR)-based procedure, was validated on samples provided by the state laboratory and submitted for FDA Emergency Use Authorization. Our test exhibits comparable sensitivity and exceeds specificity and inclusivity values compared to other molecular assays. Additionally, this test can be re-configured to meet supply chain shortages, modified for scale up demands, and is amenable to several clinical specimens. Test development also involved 3D engineering critical supplies and formulating a stable collection media that allowed samples to be transported for hours over a dispersed rural region without the need for a cold-chain. These two elements that were critical when shortages impacted testing and when personnel needed to reach areas that were geographically isolated from the testing center. Overall, using a robust, easy-to-adapt methodology, we show that an academic laboratory can supplement COVID-19 testing needs and help local health departments assess and manage outbreaks. This additional testing capacity is particularly germane for smaller cities and rural regions that would otherwise be unable to meet the testing demand., Here, the authors report the development of a versatile academic, SARSCoV-2 RT-qPCR molecular diagnostic test that uses 3D printed technology for sample collection, is implemented in rural setting in the US state of Virginia and validated in its population.
- Published
- 2021