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3. Games, Greek and pluck : athleticism, classicism and elite British education, 1850-1914

Author

Carter, Andrew Kerr

Abstract

The leading English public schools were dominated in the second half of the nineteenth century by classicism and athleticism, two strands of school life that have been studied as either competing, focusing on struggles for control between athletes and aesthetes, or else entirely separate. This thesis rejects this siloed approach and explores the ways in which classicism and athleticism were closely entwined within public schools and elite universities, and how classical ideas impacted on the reorganisation and reform of sport emanating from these institutions between 1850 and 1914. As a prerequisite for entry to elite public schools, university and many professions, classical education was used as an indicator of gentlemanly status and was deliberately exploited to create an effective barrier to exclude those from the lower classes. Simultaneously, classical ideas and imagery informed elite males' conceptions of manliness and masculinity, and this was reflected in the content of school magazines, which have been important sources for this research. Contemporary movements, such as muscular Christianity, were also influenced as much by Graeco-Roman as Judeo-Christian traditions. The study of ancient sport was coloured by Victorian ideas of sport and sportsmanship which produced a distorted and over-familiar view of Greek games. This was used to justify resistance to working-class participation, as well as to illustrate the possible debilitating consequences of commercialisation. Using a variety of methodologies, including prosopography and biography, and a range of sources, many of them produced by the schools, this thesis demonstrates how a few comparatively small and overlapping networks of public schoolmasters, university classics tutors, and their pupils, were instrumental in overseeing the transformation of sport in late-Victorian Britain, and how the Hellenism of these groups, particularly those involved in rowing, shaped attitudes towards amateurism and professionalism, and influenced the culture of the modern Olympic movement.

Published
2023

7. Recent sedimentology at the grounding zone of the Kamb Ice stream, West Antarctica and implications for ice shelf extent

Author

Calkin, Theo, Dunbar, Gavin B., Atkins, Cliff, Carter, Andrew, Coenen, Jason J., Eaves, Shaun, Ginnane, Catherine E., Golledge, Nicholas R., Harwood, David M., Horgan, Huw J., Hurwitz, Benjamin C., Hulbe, Christina, Lawrence, Justin D., Levy, Richard, Marschalek, James W., Martin, A.P., Mullen, Andrew D., Neuhaus, Sarah, Quartini, Enrica, Schmidt, Britney E., Stevens, Craig, Turnbull, Jocelyn C., Vermeesch, Pieter, and Washam, Peter M.

Published
2024
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12. SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants evade population antibody response by mutations in a single spike epitope

Author

He, Ping, Liu, Banghui, Gao, Xijie, Yan, Qihong, Pei, Rongjuan, Sun, Jing, Chen, Qiuluan, Hou, Ruitian, Li, Zimu, Zhang, Yanjun, Zhao, Jincun, Sun, Hao, Feng, Bo, Wang, Qian, Yi, Haisu, Hu, Peiyu, Li, Pingchao, Zhang, Yudi, Chen, Zhilong, Niu, Xuefeng, Zhong, Xiaolin, Jin, Liang, Liu, Xiaofeng, Qu, Kun, Ciazynska, Katarzyna A., Carter, Andrew P., Briggs, John A. G., Chen, Jizheng, Liu, Jinsong, Chen, Xinwen, He, Jun, Chen, Ling, and Xiong, Xiaoli

Published
2022
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16. The Episcopal Church of Scotland, 1660-1685

Author

Carter, Andrew Paterson, Mason, Roger A., and Rose, Jacqueline

Subjects
262
Abstract

The restoration of episcopacy in the Church of Scotland in 1661 was a deeply divisive event, sparking the resignation of around a quarter of the clergy and initiating a large dissenting movement of presbyterians. This thesis examines how the established episcopal church coped in an age of religious pluralism, and how it convinced a generation of presbyterian clergy to accept bishops despite having sworn the National Covenant and the Solemn League and Covenant, which seemed to preclude them. James Sharp, Archbishop of St Andrews, has primarily been seen as a political operator, who may or may not have betrayed Scottish presbyterianism in return for a mitre in the early 1660s; this thesis looks at him as a churchman and recovers his and his colleagues' view of Restoration episcopacy. Chapter One re-examines the events of 1660 and 1661 and finds that, far from helping restore bishops, Sharp worked with other clergy in a campaign to prove that presbyterianism could coexist with the newly restored monarchy. When this failed and bishops were restored, Archbishop Sharp and his colleagues persuaded a sceptical ministry to conform to episcopacy by pursuing an inclusive settlement and accepting a number of ecclesiological compromises, explored in Chapter Two. The difficulties of running such a broad church are considered in Chapter Three: the boundaries between conformity and non-conformity were more porous than historians have thought, and this chapter moves beyond simple binaries to describe how some lay people developed unique patterns of parochial non-conformity, picking between conforming clergy. Chapter Four looks at the attempts to deal with dissent through Indulgence and Accommodation schemes associated with Bishop Robert Leighton, and why they failed. Lastly, Chapter Five provides the first account of the royal supremacy in Restoration Scotland, and how the established church resisted Erastian control by the state.

Published
2019
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17. Recapturing Communicative Erasure: Black Women Farmers' Lived Experience, Political Voice and Cultural Knowledge as Critical Health Communication Praxis.

Author

Carter, Andrew, Broad, Garrett, and Reeves, Vanessa

Abstract

In this paper, we conduct a case study analysis of the National Women in Agriculture Association (NWIAA), an international, Black women-led farm assistance organization founded in 2008 and based in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Drawing on the Culture-Centered Approach (CCA) and grounded in interviews and observational fieldwork, we center the perspectives of NWIAA chapter leaders (n = 16) to examine how they describe motivations for farming, challenge power inequities, engage with intersectional barriers, and develop locally situated solutions across agricultural and community health contexts. The analysis argues that Black women farmer's historical lived experiences, political voice, and shared deep-rooted agricultural knowledge provide an innovative and emancipatory praxis for rethinking health communication intervention approaches that address food system-generated disparities. This study contributes important takeaways for health communication practitioners, policymakers, and advocates addressing food inequities. It extends the CCA as a first step in developing community-driven, context-specific food insecurity health communication interventions within marginalized communities across the United States and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2025
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18. A cryo-electron tomography study of ciliary rootlet organization.

Author

van Hoorn, Chris and Carter, Andrew P.

Subjects
*INTRACELLULAR membranes, *CELL anatomy, *INFORMATION organization, *CILIA & ciliary motion, *FIBERS
Abstract

Ciliary rootlets are striated bundles of filaments that connect the base of cilia to internal cellular structures. Rootlets are critical for the sensory and motile functions of cilia. However, the mechanisms underlying these functions remain unknown, in part due to a lack of structural information of rootlet organization. In this study, we obtain 3D reconstructions of membrane-associated and purified rootlets from mouse retina using cryo-electron tomography. We show that flexible protrusions on the rootlet surface, which emanate from the cross-striations, connect to intracellular membranes. In purified rootlets, the striations were classified into amorphous (A)-bands, associated with accumulations on the rootlet surface, and discrete (D)-bands corresponding to punctate lines of density that run through the rootlet. These striations connect a flexible network of longitudinal filaments. Subtomogram averaging suggests the filaments consist of two intertwined coiled coils. The rootlet's filamentous architecture, with frequent membrane-connecting cross-striations, lends itself well for anchoring large membranes in the cell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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23. Training Today's Soldiers for Tomorrow's War: Implementing LSCO into OSUT

Author

Lemaire, Alphonse J., Pixler, Ross C., Bryson, James E., Littlejohn, Avery W., Carter, Andrew E., Lunger, Matthew T., O'Neill, Joshua K., and Fellows, Rory M.

Subjects
United States. Army -- Training, Soldiers -- Military aspects -- Training, Military personnel -- Training, Infantry -- Military aspects, Superconductors -- Military aspects, Military and naval science
Abstract

'Wars are won by the courage of soldiers, the quality of leaders, and the excellence of training... training that is realistic, meaningful, and thorough... training that convinces our soldiers and [...]

Published
2022

24. A Qualitative Exploration of Womens' Experiences Who Belong to a 'Fitness Community'

Author

Carter, Andrew and Alexander, Adam C.

Abstract

Background: A promising method for improving physical inactivity among women is to increase their engagement in group-based exercise programs. Fitness communities are exercise groups that practice the principles of group dynamics and promote a lifestyle of physical activity by engaging members through social media and hosting social event/hangouts outside of the gym or "fitness" setting. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the role of "fitness communities" as a mechanism for increasing engagement in physical activity. Methods: In-depth, semi-structured interviews (N = 15) from women who were members of an established fitness community (i.e. Titan Fitness; the original name has been changed for purposes of anonymity) in Southern California. Results: Results suggested that the women's experiences in Titan Fitness were encompassed by six sub-themes which were the following: "Structured Exercise Classes with Group Dynamics": (1) personal and group accountability and (2) minimizing intimidation; "Social Media Engagement": (3) empowerment and (4) accountability via online engagement; and "Engagement Outside of the Physical Gym Setting": (5) in-group engagement and (6) out-group (extended) engagement. Discussion: Our findings illustrated that community members that were engaged in all three components of a fitness community described improved physical activity adherence. Translation to Health Practice: These findings may benefit fitness professionals, researchers, and Health Education practitioners who desire to develop innovative theoretically-based interventions for women having difficulty with physical activity adherence.

Published
2020
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25. High-Intensity Interval Training, Caloric Restriction, or Their Combination Have Beneficial Effects on Metabolically Acquired Peripheral Neuropathy.

Author

Eid, Stéphanie A., Elzinga, Sarah E., Kim, Bhumsoo, Rumora, Amy E., Hayes, John M., Carter, Andrew, Pacut, Crystal, Allouch, Adam M., Koubek, Emily J., and Feldman, Eva L.

Subjects
HIGH-intensity interval training, HIGH-fat diet, LOW-calorie diet, TYPE 2 diabetes, INSULIN sensitivity
Abstract

Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is a prevalent and debilitating complication of obesity, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes, which remains poorly understood and lacks disease-modifying therapies. Fortunately, diet and/or exercise have emerged as effective treatment strategies for PN. Here, we examined the impact of caloric restriction (CR) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) interventions, alone or combined (HIIT-CR), on metabolic and PN outcomes in high-fat diet (HFD) mice. HFD feeding alone resulted in obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, and PN. Peripheral nerves isolated from these mice also developed insulin resistance (IR). CR and HIIT-CR, but not HIIT alone, improved HFD-induced metabolic dysfunction. However, all interventions improved PN to similar extents. When examining the underlying neuroprotective mechanisms in whole nerves, we found that CR and HIIT-CR activate the fuel-sensing enzyme AMPK. We then performed complimentary in vitro work in Schwann cells, the glia of peripheral nerves. Treating primary Schwann cells with the saturated fatty acid palmitate to mimic prediabetic conditions caused IR, which was reversed by the AMPK activator, AICAR. Together, these results enhance our understanding of PN pathogenesis, the differential mechanisms by which diet and exercise may improve PN, and Schwann cell-specific contributions to nerve insulin signaling and PN progression. Article Highlights: Diet and exercise are recommended for treating peripheral neuropathy in prediabetes. To identify the optimal regimen and the underlying neuroprotective mechanisms, we compared the effects of caloric restriction (CR), high-intensity interval training (HIIT), and their combination (HIIT-CR), on metabolic and neuropathy outcomes following high-fat diet feeding. While all interventions improved neuropathy, CR and HIIT-CR, but not HIIT alone, improved metabolic profiles and promoted insulin sensitivity in peripheral nerves of high-fat diet–fed mice. In vitro, palmitate-treated Schwann cells developed insulin resistance, which was reversed by AMPK activation. CR, alone or combined with HIIT, ameliorates neuropathy by restoring nerve insulin sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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26. Tax Bunching of Very High Earners: Evidence from Australia's Division 293 Retirement Contributions Tax*.

Author

Carter, Andrew and Breunig, Robert

Subjects
INCOME tax, TAX planning, LABOR supply, WAGES, ELASTICITY (Economics)
Abstract

We examine the bunching behaviour of individuals in Australia in response to an extra 15 per cent tax on compulsory retirement contributions imposed on those earning more than $ A250,000. We find almost no bunching by wage and salary earners. There is extensive bunching by those with business or trust income. For this group, we estimate an elasticity of taxable income of 0.027. Females and older workers are more likely to bunch. The results suggest that the tax induces a tax planning response but little labour supply response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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28. Faster Sensitivity Loss around Dense Scotomas than for Overall Macular Sensitivity in Stargardt Disease: ProgStar Report No. 14

Author

Scholl, Hendrik P.N., Strauss, Rupert W., Wolfson, Yulia, Bittencourt, Millena, Shah, Syed Mahmood, Ahmed, Mohamed, Schönbach, Etienne, Fujinami, Kaoru, Traboulsi, Elias, Ehlers, Justis, Marino, Meghan, Crowe, Susan, Briggs, Rachael, Borer, Angela, Pinter, Anne, Fecko, Tami, Burgnoni, Nikki, Sunness, Janet S., Applegate, Carol, Russell, Leslie, Michaelides, Michel, Degli Esposti, Simona, Moore, Anthony, Webster, Andrew, Connor, Sophie, Barnfield, Jade, Salchi, Zaid, Alfageme, Clara, McCudden, Victoria, Pefkianaki, Maria, Aboshiha, Jonathan, Liew, Gerald, Holder, Graham, Robson, Anthony, King, Alexa, Cajas Narvaez, Daniela Ivanova, Barnard, Katy, Grigg, Catherine, Dunbar, Hannah, Obadeyi, Yetunde, Girard-Claudon, Karine, Swann, Hilary, Rughani, Avani, Amoah, Charles, Carrington, Dominic, Bibi, Kanom, Ting, Emerson, Illiyas, Mohamed Nafaz, Begum, Hamida, Carter, Andrew, Georgiou, Anne, Lewism, Selma, Shaheen, Saddaf, Shinmar, Harpreet, Burton, Linda, Bernstein, Paul, Wegner, Kimberley, Sawyer, Briana Lauren, Carlstrom, Bonnie, Farnsworth, Kellian, Fry, Cyrie, Chandler, Melissa, Jenkins, Glen, Creel, Donnel, Birch, David, Wang, Yi-Zhong, Rodriguez, Luis, Locke, Kirsten, Klein, Martin, Mejia, Paulina, Cideciyan, Artur V., Jacobson, Samuel G., Schwartz, Sharon B., Matsui, Rodrigo, Gruzensky, Michaela, Charng, Jason, Roman, Alejandro J., Zrenner, Eberhart, Nasser, Fadi, Hahn, Gesa Astrid, Wilhelm, Barbara, Peters, Tobias, Beier, Benjamin, Koenig, Tilman, Kramer, Susanne, Sahel, José-Alain, Mohand-Said, Saddek, Audo, Isabelle, Laurent-Coriat, Caroline, Sliesoraityte, Ieva, Zeitz, Christina, Boyard, Fiona, Tran, Minh Ha, Chapon, Mathias, Chaumette, Céline, Amaudruz, Juliette, Ganem, Victoria, Sancho, Serge, Girmens, Aurore, Wojciechowski, Robert, Khan, Shazia, Emmert, David G., Cain, Dennis, Herring, Mark, Bassinger, Jennifer, Liberto, Lisa, West, Sheila, Ervin, Ann-Margret, Munoz, Beatriz, Kong, Xiangrong, Dreger, Kurt, Jones, Jennifer, Sadda, Srinivas, Ip, Michael S., Jha, Anamika, Ho, Alex, Kramer, Brendan, Lam, Ngoc, Tawdros, Rita, Zhou, Yong Dong, Carmona, Johana, Uji, Akihito, Hariri, Amirhossein, Lock, Amy, Elshafei, Anthony, Ganegoda, Anushika, Petrossian, Christine, Jenkins, Dennis, Strnad, Edward, Baghdasaryan, Elmira, Ito, Eric, Samson, Feliz, Blanquel, Gloria, Akil, Handan, Melendez, Jhanisus, Lei, Jianqin, Huang, Jianyan, Chau, Jonathan, Falavarjani, Khalil G., Espino, Kristina, Li, Manfred, Mendoza, Maria, Nittala, Muneeswar Gupta, Roded, Netali, Saleh, Nizar, Huang, Ping, Pitetta, Sean, Balasubramanian, Siva, Leahy, Sophie, Srinivas, Sowmya J., Velaga, Swetha B., Margaryan, Teresa, Tepelus, Tudor, Brown, Tyler, Fan, Wenying, Murillo, Yamileth, Shi, Yue, Aguilar, Katherine, Chan, Cynthia, Santos, Lisa, Seo, Brian, Sison, Christopher, Perez, Silvia, Chao, Stephanie, Miyasato, Kelly, Higgins, Julia, Luna, Zoila, Menchaca, Anita, Gonzalez, Norma, Robledo, Vicky, Carig, Karen, Baker, Kirstie, Ellenbogen, David, Bluemel, Daniel, Sanford, Theo, Linares, Daisy, Tran, Mei, Nava, Lorane, Oberoi, Michelle, Romero, Mark, Chiguil, Vivian, Bynum-Bain, Grantley, Kim, Monica, Mendiguren, Carolina, Huang, Xiwen, Smith, Monika, Sarreal, Natalie, Schönbach, Etienne M., Ibrahim, Mohamed A., Janes, Jessica L., Birch, David G., Muñoz, Beatriz, and Sadda, SriniVas R.

Published
2020
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32. Glacially influenced provenance and Sturtian affinity revealed by detrital zircon U–Pb ages from sandstones in the Port Askaig Formation, Dalradian Supergroup.

Author

Rugen, Elias J., Pastore, Guido, Vermeesch, Pieter, Spencer, Anthony M., Webster, David, Smith, Adam G. G., Carter, Andrew, and Shields, Graham A.

Subjects
SNOWBALL Earth (Geology), ICE sheets, SEDIMENT transport, CONTINENTAL margins, STABLE isotopes
Abstract

The Cryogenian 'Sturtian' snowball Earth glaciation (c. 717–658 Ma) likely had a major role in shaping continental landscapes and biotic radiations of the late Neoproterozoic Era. However, an incomplete sedimentary record and inadequate syn-glacial age constraints make Cryogenian studies challenging. We present detrital zircon U–Pb ages for >2000 zircons from 11 sandstone samples taken at <200 m stratigraphic resolution throughout the Port Askaig Formation, a c. 1.1 km thick glaciogenic succession within the Dalradian Supergroup of Scotland and Ireland. Eight new maximum depositional age constraints, including a key constraint on deglaciation (<662.7 ± 7.8 Ma), support lithostratigraphic and stable isotope evidence that suggests the Port Askaig Formation preserves a relatively complete record of the global 'Sturtian' glaciation. An increasing contribution from Archean and Paleoproterozoic detritus to the sandstones through the lower c. 500 m of the Port Askaig Formation likely reflects the progressive glacial unroofing of the previously buried Lewisian Gneiss terrane. Archean and Paleoproterozoic grains then become scarce in the uppermost c. 300 m of the formation, which we attribute to glacial modification of the Laurentian continental margin landscape during the waning stage of 'Sturtian' glaciation. The disruption to sediment transport pathways caused by this modification, and evidenced by the detrital zircon data, points to partially warm-based 'Sturtian' ice sheets that were, to some degree, dynamic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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33. Coronal Heating as Determined by the Solar Flare Frequency Distribution Obtained by Aggregating Case Studies

Author

James Paul Mason, Alexandra Werth, Colin G. West, Allison Youngblood, Donald L. Woodraska, Courtney L. Peck, Arvind J. Aradhya, Yijian Cai, David Chaparro, James W. Erikson, Koushik Ganesan, T. R. Geerdts, Thi D Hoang, Thomas M. Horning, Yan Jin, Haixin Liu, Noah Lordi, Zheng Luo, Thanmay S. Menon, Josephine C. Meyer, Emma E Nelson, Kristin A. Oliver, Jorge L Ramirez Ortiz, Andrew Osborne, Alyx Patterson, Nick Pellatz, John Pitten, Nanako Shitara, Daniel Steckhahn, Aseem Visal, Hongda Wang, Chaoran Wang, Evan Wickenden, John Wilson, Mengyu Wu, Nikolay Yegovtsev, Ingrid H Zimmermann, James Holland Aaron, Jumana T. Abdullah, Jonathan M. Abrams, Riley Abrashoff, Andres B. Acevedo, Iker Acha, Daniela M. Meza Acosta, Megan M. Adam, Dante Q. Adams, Kalvyn N Adams, Elena R Adams, Zainab A. Akbar, Ushmi H. Akruwala, Adel Al-Ghazwi, Batool H. Alabbas, Areej A. Alawadhi, Yazeed A. Alharbi, Mohammed S. Alahmed, Mohammed A. Albakr, Yusef J. Albalushi, Jonathan Albaum, Ahmed Aldhamen, Nolan Ales, Mohammad Alesmail, Abdulelah Alhabeeb, Dania Alhamli, Isehaq Alhuseini, Suhail Alkaabi, Tameem Alkhezzi, Mohamed Alkubaisi, Nasser Allanqawi, Martin Allsbrook, Yousef A. Almohsen, Justin Thomas Almquist, Teeb Alnaji, Yousef A Alnasrallah, Nicholas Alonzi, Meshal Alosaimi, Emeen Alqabani, Mohammad Alrubaie, Reema A. Alsinan, Ava L. Altenbern, Abdullah Altokhais, Saleh A. Alyami, Federico Ameijenda, Hamzi Amer, Meggan Amos, Hunter J. Anderson, Carter Andrew, Jesse C Andringa, Abigail Angwin, Gabreece Van Anne, Andrew Aramians, Camila Villamil Arango, Jack. W. Archibald, Brian A. Arias-Robles, Maryam Aryan, Kevin Ash, Justin Astalos, N. S. Atchley-Rivers, Dakota N. Augenstein, Bryce W. Austin, Abhinav Avula, Matthew C. Aycock, Abdulrahman A. Baflah, Sahana Balaji, Brian Balajonda, Leo M Balcer, James O. Baldwin, David J Banda, Titus Bard, Abby Barmore, Grant M. Barnes, Logan D. W. Barnhart, Kevin M. Barone, Jessica L. Bartman, Claire Bassel, Catalina S Bastias, Batchimeg Bat-Ulzii, Jasleen Batra, Lexi Battist, Joshua Bay, Simone Beach, Sara Beard, Quinn I Beato, Ryan Beattie, Thomas Beatty, Tristan De La Beaujardiere, Jacob N. Beauprez, M. G. Beck, Lily Beck, Simone E. Becker, Braden Behr, Timothy A. Behrer, Joshua Beijer, Brennan J. Belei, Annelene L. Belknap, Aislyn Bell, Caden Bence, Evan Benke, Naomi Berhanu, Zachary D. Berriman-Rozen, Chrisanna Bertuccio, Owen A. Berv, Blaine B. Biediger, Samuel J Biehle, Brennen Billig, Jacob Billingsley, Jayce A. Billman, Connor J. Biron, Gabrielle E. Bisacca, Cassidy A. Blake, Guillermo Blandon, Olivia Blevins, Ethan Blouin, Michal Bodzianowski, Taylor A. Boeyink, Matthew Bondar, Lauren Bone, Alberto Espinosa De Los Monteros Bonilla, William T Borelli, Luke R. Borgerding, Troy Bowen, Christine Boyer, Aidan Boyer, Aidan P. Boyle, Tom Boyne, Donovan Branch, Ariana E. Brecl, David J. Brennan, Alexander J Brimhall, Jennifer L. Brockman, Sarah Brookins, Gabriel T. Brown, Cameron L. Brown, Ryan Brown, Jordi Brownlow, Grant Brumage-Heller, Preston J. Brumley, Samuel Bryan, A. Brzostowicz, Maryam Buhamad, Gigi Bullard-Connor, J. R. Ramirez Bunsow, Annemarie C. Burns, John J. Burritt, Nicholas David Burton, Taylor Burton, Celeste Busch, Dylan R. Butler, B. W. Buxton, Malena C. Toups, Carter C. Cabbage, Breonna Cage, Jackson R. Cahn, Andrew J Campbell, Braden P. Canales, Alejandro R. Cancio, Luke Carey, Emma L. Carillion, Michael Andrew Carpender, Emily Carpenter, Shivank Chadda, Paige Chambers, Jasey Chanders, Olivia M. Chandler, Ethan C. Chang, Mitchell G. Chapman, Logan T. Chapman, S. Chavali, Luis Chavez, Kevin Chen, Lily Chen, Sam Chen, Judy Chen, Jenisha Chhetri, Bradyn Chiles, Kayla M. Chizmar, Katherine E Christiansen, Nicholas A. Cisne, Alexis Cisneros, David B. Clark, Evelyn Clarke, Peter C Clarkson, Alexis R. Clausi, Brooke Cochran, Ryan W. Coe, Aislinn Coleman-Plante, Jake R. Colleran, Zachary Colleran, Curran Collier, Nathaniel A. Collins, Sarah Collins, Jack C. Collins, Michael Colozzi, Aurora Colter, Rebecca A. Cone, Thomas C. Conroy, Reese Conti, Charles J. Contizano, Destiny J. Cool, Nicholas M. Cooper, Jessica S Corbitt, Jonas Courtney, Olivia Courtney, Corben L. Cox, Wilmsen B. Craig, Joshua B. Creany, Anastasia Crews, K. A. Crocker, A. J. Croteau, Christian J. Crow, Zoe Cruse, Avril Cruz, Tyler L. Curnow, Hayden Current, Riley T. Curry, Libby Cutler, Aidan St. Cyr, Frederick M. Dabberdt, Johnston Daboub, Olivia Damgaard, Swagatam Das, Emma A. B. Davis, Elyse Debarros, Sean Deel, Megan E. Delasantos, Tianyue Deng, Zachary Derwin, Om Desai, Kai Dewey, John S. Dias, Kenzie A. Dice, R. Dick, Cyrus A. Dicken, Henry Dietrick, Alexis M. Dinser, Alyssa M. Dixon, Thomas J. Dixon, Helen C. Do, Chris H Doan, Connor Doane, Joshua Dodrill, Timothy Doermer, Lizbeth Montoya Dominguez, J. Dominguez, Emerson N. Domke, Caroline R. Doran, Jackson A. Dorr, Philip Dorricott, Danielle C. Dresdner, Michael Driscoll, Kailer H. Driscoll, Sheridan J. Duncan, Christian Dunlap, Gabrielle M. Dunn, Tien Q. Duong, Tomi Oshima Dupeyron, Peter Dvorak, Andrew East, Andrew N. East, Bree Edwards, Lauren Ehrlich, Sara I. Elbashir, Rasce Engelhardt, Jacob Engelstad, Colin England, Andrew Enrich, Abbey Erickson, Benjamin Erickson, Nathan Evans, Calvin A Ewing, Elizabeth A. Eyeson, Ian Faber, Avery M. Fails, John T Fauntleroy, Kevin Fell, Zitian Feng, Logan D. Fenwick, Nikita Feoktistov, Ryann Fife, John Alfred D. Figueirinhas, Jean-Paul Fisch, Emmalee Fischer, Jules Fischer-White, Aidan F. Fitton, Alexander Fix, Lydia Flackett, Fernando Flores, Aidan Floyd, Leonardo Del Foco, Adeduni Folarin, Aidan E. Forbes, Elise Fortino, Benjamin L. Fougere, Alexandra A. Fowler, Margaret Fox, James M. French, Katherine V. French, Florian G. Frick, Calvin R. Fuchs, Bethany E. S. Fuhrman, Sebastian Furney, Moutamen Gabir, Gabriela Galarraga, Skylar Gale, Keala C. Gapin, A. J. Garscadden, Rachel Gasser, Lily Gayou, Emily E. Gearhart, Jane Geisman, Julianne R. Geneser, Sl Genne, Julia G Gentile, Eleanor Gentry, Jacob D. George, Nathaniel James Georgiades, Phillip Gerhardstein, Clint Gersabeck, Bandar Abu Ghaith, Dorsa Ghiassi, B. C. Giebner, Dalton Gilmartin, Connor B. Gilpatrick, Michael Gjini, Olivia Golden, Nathan T. Golding, C. A. Goldsberry, Angel R. Gomez, Angel A. Gomez, Sean Gopalakrishnan, Mariam Gopalani, Nicholas Gotlib, Alaina S. Graham, Michael J Gray, Alannah H. Gregory, Joshua A. Gregory, Kristyn Grell, Justus Griego, Nicholas F. Griffin, Kyle J. Griffin, Matt Guerrero, Nicole Gunderson, Mutian Guo, E. R. Gustavsson, Grace K. Hach, L. N. Haile, Jessica Haines, Jack J. Mc Hale, Ryder Buchanan Hales, Mark S. Haley, Jacqueline L. Hall, Sean R. Hamilton, Soonhee Han, Tyler Hand, Luke C. Hanley, Connor M Hansen, Joshua A. Hansen, Jonathan Hansson, Tony Yunfei Hao, Nicholas Haratsaris, Isabelle Hardie, Dillon F. Hardwick, Cameron T. Hares, Logan Swous Harris, Coyle M. Harris, Omer Hart, Kyle Hashiro, Elsie Hattendorf, Calder Haubrich, Elijah Hawat, Griffin A. Hayrynen, Danielle A. Heintz, Tim Hellweg, Angel Hernandez, Emanuel Herrera, Robert N. Herrington, Tim Herwig, Troy M. Hesse, Quinn Hiatt, Lea Pearl Hibbard, Imari R. Hicks, Andrew J. Hicks, Nigel Highhouse, Annalise K. Hildebrand, Paula Hill, Hallie Hill, Evan Hintsa, Anna E. Hirschmann, Travis Hitt, Ella Ho, Isabelle J. Hoff, Alex Hoffman, Blake A. Hogen, Linda Horne, Timothy J Houck, Noah H. Howell, E. M. Hrudka, J. Hu, Jianyang Huang, Chenqi Huang, Shancheng Huang, Zachary A. Hudson, Nathan C. Hudson, Tyler J. Huebsch, Owen Hull, Samuel C Hunter, Troy Husted, Abigail P. Hutabarat, Leslie Huynh, Antonio E. Samour Ii, Yolande Idoine, Julia A. Ingram, Taro Iovan, Samuel A. Isert, Antonio Salcido-Alcontar, Thomas Jacobsen, Alan A Jaimes, Connor Jameson, J. R. Jarriel, Sam Jarvis, Josh Jenkins, Alexander V. Jensen, Jacob Jeong, Luke A. Jeseritz, Trevor Jesse, Soo Yeun Ji, Yufan Jiang, Owen Johnson, Matthew Johnson, Sawyer Johnson, Julia Johnston, Braedon Y. Johnston, Olivia M. Jones, M. R. Jones, Tara Jourabchi, Tony A. House, Parker Juels, Sabrina J. H. T. Kainz, Emily Kaiser, Nicolas Ian Kallemeyn, Madison H. Kalmus, Etash Kalra, Margaret Kamenetskiy, Jeerakit Kanokthippayakun, Shaun D. Kapla, Brennan J. Karsh, Caden J. Keating, Morgan A. Kelley, Michael P. Kelley, Nicholas Kelly, James Kelly, Teagan Kelly, Christopher M Kelly, Kellen Kennedy, Cayla J. Kennedy, Forrest Kennedy, Abigail Kennedy, Liana Kerr-Layton, Marilyn Ketterer, Ibraheem A. Khan, Usman Khan, Sapriya Khanal, Jack L. Kiechlin, Dominic Killian, Kevin Kim, Brian T. Kim, Matthew M. Kim, Jake Kim, Aspen Kimlicko, Isabel M Kipp, Hunter B. Kirkpatrick, Natalie Kissner, Emily R. Kite, Olivia R. Kleinhaus, Philip Whiting Knott, Will Koch, Greta Koenig, Emily Koke, Thomas Kokes, Yash S. Kothamdi, Zack Krajnak, Zoe M. Kresek, Dylan Kriegman, Jake E. Kritzberg, Davis J. Krueger, Bartlomiej Kubiak, Kirsten Kuehl, Chrisanne Kuester, Nicolas A. Kuiper, Aman Priyadarshi Kumar, Connor Kuybus, Daniel Kwiatkowski, Quintin Y. Lafemina, Kevin Lacjak, Kyle Lahmers, Antonia Lam, Kalin Landrey, Maxwell B. Lantz, Zachary Larter, Benjamin P. Lau, Megan Lauzon, Rian Lawlor, Tyler Learned, E. C. Lee, Junwon Lee, Adrianna J. Lee, Justin Lee, Alexis Ying-Shan Lee, Christian J Lee, Nathaniel F. Lee, Linzhi Leiker, Dylan Lengerich, Cecilia Leoni, Adrienne R. Lezak, David Y. Li, Isaac Li, Ryan Z. Liao, Bridget Linders, Morgan I Linger, Katherine B. Linnane, Sam Lippincott, Barrett Lister, Shelby D Litton, Nianzi Liu, Steven Y. Liu, Timothy W. Logan, Nathan Londres, Mia C. Lonergan, Emily Lookhoff, N. E. Loomis, Christian Lopez, Justin Loring, Jeffrey Lucca, Dax Lukianow, Nathan M. Cheang, William Macdonald, Claire A. Madonna, Kasey O. Madsen, Tiffany E. Maksimuk, Macguire Mallory, Ryan A. Malone, Blake Maly, Xander R. Manzanares, Aimee S. Maravi, Serafima M. Marcus, Nasreen Marikar, Josie A. Marquez, Mathew J. Marquez, Lauren Marsh, Toni Marsh, Logan S. Martin, Alexa M. Martinez, Jose R. Martinez, Hazelia K. Martinez, Cara Martyr, Mirna Masri, Giorgio Matessi, Adam Izz Khan Mohd Reduan Mathavan, Randi M. Mathieson, Kabir P. Mathur, Graham Mauer, Victoria A. Mayer, Liam Mazzotta, Glen S. Mccammon, Rowan Mcconvey, Tyler Mccormick, Andrew Mccoy, Kelleen Mcentee, Meaghan V. Mcgarvey, Riley M. Mcgill, James K. Mcintyre, Finbar K. Mckemey, Zane Mcmorris, Jesse J. Mcmullan, Ella Mcquaid, Caden Mcvey, Kyle Mccurry, Mateo M. Medellin, Melissa Medialdea, Amar Mehidic, Stella Meillon, Jonah B. Meiselman-Ashen, Sarah Mellett, Dominic Menassa, Citlali Mendez, Patricia Mendoza-Anselmi, Riley Menke, Sarah Mesgina, William J. Mewhirter, Ethan Meyer, Aya M. Miften, Ethan J. Miles, Andrew Miller, Joshua B. Miller, Emily B. Millican, Sarah J. Millican, Dylan P. Mills, Josh Minimo, Jay H. Misener, Alexander J. Mitchell, Alexander Z. Mizzi, Luis Molina-Saenz, Tyler S Moll, Hayden Moll, Maximus Montano, Michael Montoya, Eli Monyek, Jacqueline Rodriguez Mora, Gavin Morales, Genaro Morales, Annalise M. Morelock, Cora Morency, Angel J. Moreno, Remy Morgan, Alexander P. Moss, Brandon A. Muckenthaler, Alexander Mueller, Owen T. Mulcahy, Aria T. Mundy, Alexis A. Muniz, Maxwell J. Murphy, Madalyn C. Murphy, Ryan C. Murphy, Tyler Murrel, Andrew J. Musgrave, Michael S. Myer, Kshmya Nandu, Elena R. Napoletano, Abdulaziz Naqi, Anoothi Narayan, Liebe Nasser, Brenna K Neeland, Molly Nehring, Maya Li Nelson, Lena P. Nguyen, Lena Nguyen, Leonardo Nguyen, Valerie A. Nguyen, Khoa D Nguyen, Kelso Norden, Cooper Norris, Dario Nunes-Valdes, Rosemary O. Nussbaum, Cian O’Sullivan, Ian O’Neill, S. H. Oakes, Anand Odbayar, Caleb Ogle, Sean Oishi-Holder, Nicholas Olguin, Nathaniel P. Olson, Jason Ong, Elena N. Opp, Dan Orbidan, Ryan Oros, Althea E. Ort, Matthew Osborn, Austin Osogwin, Grant Otto, Jessica Oudakker, Igor Overchuk, Hannah M. Padgette, Jacqueline Padilla, Mallory Palizzi, Madeleine L. Palmgren, Adler Palos, Luke J. Pan, Nathan L. Parker, Sasha R. Parker, Evan J. Parkinson, Anish Parulekar, Paige J. Pastor, Kajal Patel, Akhil Patel, Neil S. Patel, Samuel Patti, Catherine Patton, Genevieve K. Payne, Matthew P. Payne, Harrison M. Pearl, Charles B. Beck Von Peccoz, Alexander J. Pedersen, Lily M. Pelster, Munisettha E. Peou, J. S. Perez, Freddy Perez, Anneliese Pesce, Audrey J. Petersen, B. Peterson, Romeo S. L. Petric, Joshua Pettine, Ethan J. Phalen, Alexander V. Pham, Denise M. Phan, Callie C Pherigo, Lance Phillips, Justin Phillips, Krista Phommatha, Alex Pietras, Tawanchai P. Pine, Sedique Pitsuean-Meier, Andrew M. Pixley, Will Plantz, William C. Plummer, Kaitlyn E. Plutt, Audrey E. Plzak, Kyle Pohle, Hyden Polikoff, Matthew Pollard, Madelyn Polly, Trevor J. Porter, David Price, Nicholas K. Price, Gale H. Prinster, Henry Austin Propper, Josh Quarderer, Megan S. Quinn, Oliver Quinonez, Devon Quispe, Cameron Ragsdale, Anna L. Rahn, M. Rakhmonova, Anoush K Ralapanawe, Nidhi Ramachandra, Nathaniel Ramirez, Ariana C. Ramirez, Sacha Ramirez, Parker Randolph, Anurag Ranjan, Frederick C Rankin, Sarah Grace Rapaport, Nicholas O Ratajczyk, Mia G. V. Ray, Brian D. Reagan, John C. Recchia, Brooklyn J. Reddy, Joseph Reed, Charlie Reed, Justin Reeves, Eileen N. Reh, Ferin J. Von Reich, Andrea B. Reyna, Alexander Reynolds, Hope Reynolds, Matthew Rippel, Guillermo A. Rivas, Anna Linnea Rives, Amanda M. Robert, Samuel M. Robertson, Maeve Rodgers, Stewart Rojec, Andres C. Romero, Ryan Rosasco, Beth Rossman, Michael Rotter, Tyndall Rounsefell, Charlotte Rouse, Allie C. Routledge, Marc G. Roy, Zoe A. Roy, Ryan Ruger, Kendall Ruggles-Delgado, Ian C. Rule, Madigan Rumley, Brenton M. Runyon, Collin Ruprecht, Bowman Russell, Sloan Russell, Diana Ryder, David Saeb, J. Salazar, Violeta Salazar, Maxwell Saldi, Jose A. Salgado, Adam D. Salindeho, Ethan S. Sanchez, Gustavo Sanchez-Sanchez, Darian Sarfaraz, Sucheta Sarkar, Ginn A. Sato, Carl Savage, Marcus T. Schaller, Benjamin T. Scheck, Jared A. W. Schlenker, Matthew J Schofer, Stephanie H. Schubert, Courtney Schultze, Grace K Schumacher, Kasper Seglem, Lauren Serio, Octave Seux, Hannan Shahba, Callie D. Shannahan, Shajesh Sharma, Nathan Shaver, Timothy Shaw, Arlee K. Shelby, Emma Shelby, Grace Shelchuk, Tucker Sheldrake, Daniel P. Sherry, Kyle Z. Shi, Amanda M. Shields, Kyungeun Shin, Michael C. Shockley, Dominick Shoha, Jadon Shortman, Mitchell Shuttleworth, Lisa Sibrell, Molly G. Sickler, Nathan Siles, H. K. Silvester, Conor Simmons, Dylan M. Simone, Anna Simone, Savi Singh, Maya A. Singh, Madeline Sinkovic, Leo Sipowicz, Chris Sjoroos, Ryan Slocum, Colin Slyne, Korben Smart, Alexandra N. Smith, Kelly Smith, Corey Smith, Elena K. Smith, Samantha M. Smith, Percy Smith, Trevor J Smith, G. L. Snyder, Daniel A. Soby, Arman S. Sohail, William J. Solorio, Lincoln Solt, Caitlin Soon, Ava A Spangler, Benjamin C. Spicer, Ashish Srivastava, Emily Stamos, Peter Starbuck, Ethan K. Stark, Travis Starling, Caitlyn Staudenmier, Sheen L. Steinbarth, Christopher H. Steinsberger, Tyler Stepaniak, Ellie N. Steward, Trey Stewart, T. C. Stewart, Cooper N. Stratmeyer, Grant L. Stratton, Jordin L. Stribling, S. A Sulaiman, Brandon J Sullivan, M. E. Sundell, Sohan N. Sur, Rohan Suri, Jason R. Swartz, Joshua D. Sweeney, Konner Syed, Emi Szabo, Philip Szeremeta, Michael-Tan D. Ta, Nolan C. Tanguma, Kyle Taulman, Nicole Taylor, Eleanor Taylor, Liam C. Taylor, K. E. Tayman, Yesica Tellez, Richard Terrile, Corey D Tesdahl, Quinn N. Thielmann, Gerig Thoman, Daniel Thomas, Jeffrey J. Thomas, William N. Thompson, Noah R. Thornally, Darien P. Tobin, Kelly Ton, Nathaniel J. Toon, Kevin Tran, Bryn Tran, Maedee Trank-Greene, Emily D. Trautwein, Robert B. Traxler, Judah Tressler, Tyson R. Trofino, Thomas Troisi, Benjamin L. Trunko, Joshua K. Truong, Julia Tucker, Thomas D Umbricht, C. H. Uphoff, Zachary T. Upthegrove, Shreenija Vadayar, Whitney Valencia, Mia M. Vallery, Eleanor Vanetten, John D. Vann, Ilian Varela, Alexandr Vassilyev, Nicholas J. Vaver, Anjali A. Velamala, Evan Vendetti, Nancy Ortiz Venegas, Aditya V. Vepa, Marcus T. Vess, Jenna S. Veta, Andrew Victory, Jessica Vinson, Connor Maklain Vogel, Michaela Wagoner, Steven P. Wallace, Logan Wallace, Caroline Waller, Jiawei Wang, Keenan Warble, N. R. D. Ward-Chene, James Adam Watson, Robert J. Weber, Aidan B. Wegner, Anthony A Weigand, Amanda M. Weiner, Ayana West, Ethan Benjamin Wexler, Nicola H. Wheeler, Jamison R. White, Zachary White, Oliver S. White, Lloyd C. Whittall, Isaac Wilcove, Blake C. Wilkinson, John S. Willard, Abigail K. Williams, Sajan Williams, Orion K. Wilson, Evan M. Wilson, Timothy R. Wilson, Connor B. Wilson, Briahn Witkoff, Aubrey M. Wolfe, Jackson R. Wolle, Travis M. Wood, Aiden L. Woodard, Katelynn Wootten, Catherine Xiao, Jianing Yang, Zhanchao Yang, Trenton J. Young, Isabel Young, Thomas Zenner, Jiaqi Zhang, Tianwei Zhao, Tiannie Zhao, Noah Y. Zhao, Chongrui Zhou, Josh J Ziebold, Lucas J. Ziegler, James C. Zygmunt, Jinhua Zhang, and H. J. Lewandowski

Published
2023
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36. A new metric for conducting 5‐year reviews to evaluate recovery progress under the Endangered Species Act.

Author

Davis, Olivia N., Molano‐Flores, Brenda, Li, Ya‐Wei, Allen, Maximilian L., Davis, Mark A., Parkos, Joseph J., McIntyre, Susan, Di Giovanni, Alexander J., McElrath, Thomas C., Carter, Andrew, Evansen, Megan, Sheehan, Connor, and Gerber, Leah R.

Subjects
ENDANGERED species, WILDLIFE conservation, BIOLOGISTS, SPECIES, HABITATS, POPULATION viability analysis
Abstract

The Endangered Species Act (ESA) provides legal protection to imperiled populations and their associated habitats. As a part of this process, listed species must undergo a general status review (also called 5‐Year Review) to assess the progress toward recovery every 5 years. However, almost all 5‐year reviews result in a status of "no change," prompting scientists to question if the review process is robust enough to detect changes in recovery. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) was therefore interested in developing a standardized metric for monitoring more nuanced recovery progress as part of the status review. In collaboration with the USFWS, over 75 biologists from five different organizations developed and tested a set of novel metrics to summarize recovery progress of listed species by considering current and future conditions, threats, and conservation measures. We found that, although the majority of species had reviews with a recommendation of no change, scorers were able to use the metrics to interpret more nuanced changes in the 3Rs (resiliency, redundancy, and representation), threats, and conservation measures than in the status review. Our results suggest that these metrics could illuminate more nuanced areas of recovery and decline in species' conditions, but consistency among scorers and status reports should be a focus of future development. Our approach offers a rigorous set of metrics to systematically track the recovery progress of all ESA species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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37. Evolution of Arc‐Continent Collision in the Southeastern Margin of the South China Sea: Insight From the Isugod Basin in Central‐Southern Palawan.

Author

Chen, Wen‐Huang, Yan, Yi, Carter, Andrew, Clift, Peter D., Huang, Chi‐Yue, Yumul, Graciano P., Dimalanta, Carla B., Gabo‐Ratio, Jillian Aira S., Zhang, Le, Wang, Ming‐Huei, and Zhang, Xin‐Chang

Subjects
BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, PROVENANCE (Geology), SEDIMENTARY basins, SEDIMENTS
Abstract

The evolution of arc‐continent collision between the Palawan microcontinental block and the Cagayan Ridge in the southeastern margin of the South China Sea (SCS) is vital to understand how this collision correlated with seafloor spreading of the SCS. To address the evolution of arc‐continent collision, we studied the biostratigraphy and provenance of syn‐collisional sediments in the Isugod Basin in central‐southern Palawan. Microfossil analysis indicates a Late Miocene age (11.5–5.6 Ma) for the Isugod and Alfonso XIII Formations and rapid subsidence during initiation of the basin which may have been triggered by local extensional collapse of the wedge in response to forearc uplift. Multidisciplinary provenance analysis reveals that the Isugod and Alfonso XIII Formations were derived from the Middle Eocene–lower Oligocene Panas‐Pandian Formation on the Palawan wedge and the Late Eocene Central Palawan Ophiolite. These results suggest the emergence of both the orogenic wedge and obducted forearc ophiolite at ∼11.5 Ma, implying collision onset before ∼11.5 Ma. The collision initiation in Palawan could be better constrained to ∼18 Ma, based on the drowning of the Nido carbonate platform in the foreland. Therefore, the gravitational collapse of the Palawan wedge and the subsidence/formation of the Isugod Basin might reflect a significant uplift pulse in the hinterland of the wedge beginning within 13.4–11.5 Ma in the late stage of collision. It indicates that although compression originated from spreading of the SCS had ceased at 16–15 Ma, arc‐continent collision in Palawan did not stop and was sustained by compression from the upper plate afterward. Plain Language Summary: The Palawan microcontinental block is a continental fragment separated from the South China margin along with the seafloor spreading of the South China Sea (SCS). It finally collided with the Cagayan Ridge volcanic arc because of southward subduction of the Proto‐SCS. Therefore, precisely constraining the evolution of arc‐continent collision could help us to understand its association with the ending of the SCS spreading. To constrain the evolution of arc‐continent collision, we determined the depositional age and source of syn‐collisional sediments in the Isugod Basin in central‐southern Palawan. Our results shows that the Isugod Basin sediments were deposited during the Late Miocene (11.5–5.6 Ma) following local gravitational collapse of the Palawan orogenic wedge driven by uplift and oversteepening. Isugod Basin sediments were eroded from both the orogenic wedge and obducted forearc ophiolite that were uplifted and exposed subaerially, indicating collision began before ∼11.5 Ma. As the onset of collision could be constrained to ∼18 Ma, we propose a significant uplift pulse in the hinterland of the wedge began at 13.4–11.5 Ma in the late stage of collision. This further indicates that arc‐continent collision in Palawan did not stop although compression derived from spreading of the SCS had ceased at 16–15 Ma. Key Points: Sediments in the Isugod Basin were deposited at 11.5–5.6 Ma following local gravitational collapse of the Palawan wedge driven by upliftThe Isugod Basin sediments were supplied by erosion of the Palawan wedge and obducted forearc ophiolite exposed subaerially since ∼11.5 MaOnset of Palawan arc‐continent collision at ∼18 Ma followed by a significant uplift pulse in the Palawan wedge beginning within 13.4–11.5 Ma [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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39. Longitudinal Changes of Fixation Location and Stability Within 12 Months in Stargardt Disease: ProgStar Report No. 12

Author

Scholl, Hendrik P.N., Strauss, Rupert W., Wolfson, Yulia, Bittencourt, Millena, Shah, Syed Mahmood, Ahmed, Mohamed, Schönbach, Etienne, Fujinami, Kaoru, Traboulsi, Elias, Ehlers, Justis, Marino, Meghan, Crowe, Susan, Briggs, Rachael, Borer, Angela, Pinter, Anne, Fecko, Tami, Burgnoni, Nikki, Sunness, Janet S., Applegate, Carol, Russell, Leslie, Michaelides, Michel, Esposti, Simona Degli, Moore, Anthony, Webster, Andrew, Connor, Sophie, Barnfield, Jade, Salchi, Zaid, Alfageme, Clara, McCudden, Victoria, Pefkianaki, Maria, Aboshiha, Jonathan, Liew, Gerald, Holder, Graham, Robson, Anthony, King, Alexa, Narvaez, Daniela Ivanova Cajas, Barnard, Katy, Grigg, Catherine, Dunbar, Hannah, Obadeyi, Yetunde, Girard-Claudon, Karine, Swann, Hilary, Rughani, Avani, Amoah, Charles, Carrington, Dominic, Bibi, Kanom, Co, Emerson Ting, Illiyas, Mohamed Nafaz, Begum, Hamida, Carter, Andrew, Georgiou, Anne, Lewism, Selma, Shaheen, Saddaf, Shinmar, Harpreet, Burton, Linda, Bernstein, Paul, Wegner, Kimberley, Sawyer, Briana Lauren, Carlstrom, Bonnie, Farnsworth, Kellian, Fry, Cyrie, Chandler, Melissa, Jenkins, Glen, Creel, Donnel, Birch, David, Wang, Yi-Zhong, Rodriguez, Luis, Locke, Kirsten, Klein, Martin, Mejia, Paulina, Cideciyan, Artur V., Jacobson, Samuel G., Schwartz, Sharon B., Matsui, Rodrigo, Gruzensky, Michaela, Charng, Jason, Roman, Alejandro J., Zrenner, Eberhart, Nasser, Fadi, Hahn, Gesa Astrid, Wilhelm, Barbara, Peters, Tobias, Beier, Benjamin, Koenig, Tilman, Kramer, Susanne, Sahel, José-Alain, Mohand-Said, Saddek, Audo, Isabelle, Laurent-Coriat, Caroline, Sliesoraityte, Ieva, Zeitz, Christina, Boyard, Fiona, Tran, Minh Ha, Chapon, Mathias, Chaumette, Céline, Amaudruz, Juliette, Ganem, Victoria, Sancho, Serge, Girmens, Aurore, Wojciechowski, Robert, Khan, Shazia, Emmert, David G., Cain, Dennis, Herring, Mark, Bassinger, Jennifer, Liberto, Lisa, West, Sheila, Ervin, Ann-Margret, Munoz, Beatriz, Kong, Xiangrong, Dreger, Kurt, Jones, Jennifer, Sadda, Srinivas, Ip, Michael S., Jha, Anamika, Ho, Alex, Kramer, Brendan, Lam, Ngoc, Tawdros, Rita, Zhou, Yong Dong, Carmona, Johana, Uji, Akihito, Hariri, Amirhossein, Lock, Amy, Elshafei, Anthony, Ganegoda, Anushika, Petrossian, Christine, Jenkins, Dennis, Strnad, Edward, Baghdasaryan, Elmira, Ito, Eric, Samson, Feliz, Blanquel, Gloria, Akil, Handan, Melendez, Jhanisus, Lei, Jianqin, Huang, Jianyan, Chau, Jonathan, Falavarjani, Khalil G., Espino, Kristina, Li, Manfred, Mendoza, Maria, Nittala, Muneeswar Gupta, Roded, Netali, Saleh, Nizar, Huang, Ping, Pitetta, Sean, Balasubramanian, Siva, Leahy, Sophie, Srinivas, Sowmya J., Velaga, Swetha B., Margaryan, Teresa, Tepelus, Tudor, Brown, Tyler, Fan, Wenying, Murillo, Yamileth, Shi, Yue, Aguilar, Katherine, Chan, Cynthia, Santos, Lisa, Seo, Brian, Sison, Christopher, Perez, Silvia, Chao, Stephanie, Miyasato, Kelly, Higgins, Julia, Luna, Zoila, Menchaca, Anita, Gonzalez, Norma, Robledo, Vicky, Carig, Karen, Baker, Kirstie, Ellenbogen, David, Bluemel, Daniel, Sanford, Theo, Linares, Daisy, Tran, Mei, Nava, Lorane, Oberoi, Michelle, Romero, Mark, Chiguil, Vivian, Bynum-Bain, Grantley, Kim, Monica, Mendiguren, Carolina, Huang, Xiwen, Smith, Monika, Sarreal, Natalie, Schönbach, Etienne M., Muñoz, Beatriz, Ibrahim, Mohamed A., Birch, David G., Hahn, Gesa-Astrid, Sadda, SriniVas R., and West, Sheila K.

Published
2018
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40. Observation and modeling of extrasolar planets

Author

Carter, Andrew James

Subjects
523.24
Abstract

The field of exoplanet research has currently yielded the discovery of 552 planets. This figure includes 132 transiting planets which can be studied in greater detail and have formed the cornerstone of research to characterise the exoplanet population. In particular, such studies seek to analyse the planetary atmospheres, but research has thus far yielded more questions than answers. Exoplanetary atmospheric studies have typically focussed on one planet apiece - complicating any comparative analysis as every result employs different methods and instruments. For a comprehensive, comparative study, a robust and reliable means of reducing and analysing such observations is required, along with a body of data from a single instrument. One such instrument is the Bubble Space Telescope (BST) whose NICMOS (Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer) instrument has observed the transits of nine extrasolar planets across multiple wavelengths in the near-infrared. A robust pipeline has been developed to reduce all such observations using the fame techniques. This pipeline reduces grism images of an exoplanet host star across a transit event. These exposures are checked for bad pixels, flat fielded and background-subtracted before robust extraction of a transit light curve. This light curve is then detrended to remove systematic noise by application of a new technique developed in this study. Following detrending, the light curve is modelled using a be- spoke MCMC (Markov-Chain Monte-Carlo) algorithm to determine the planetary parameters. A continuum of wavelength-dependent transit light curves is also extracted, detrended and modelled to de- termine the variation in transit depth with wavelength; and .hereby infer the transmission spectrum of the planet's atmosphere. The finished pipeline has been applied to three sets of HST NIC- MOS observations covering the transits of WASP-2b, HD189733b and GJ436b. For each data set, a new set of planetary parameters has been derived and for WASP-2b and HD189733b an atmospheric transmission spectrum extracted. Both spectra show signs of atmospheric haze and molecular absorption, but also evidence of residual systematic noise, complicating analysis.

Published
2012
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