19 results on '"Cassen, Christophe"'
Search Results
2. Anticipating futures through models: the rise of Integrated Assessment Modelling in the climate science-policy interface since 1970
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van Beek, Lisette, Hajer, Maarten, Pelzer, Peter, van Vuuren, Detlef, and Cassen, Christophe
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- 2020
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3. Aligning domestic policies with international coordination in a post-Paris global climate regime: A case for China
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Li, Jun, Hamdi-Cherif, Meriem, and Cassen, Christophe
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- 2017
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4. Sustainability, Globalization, and the Energy Sector Europe in a Global Perspective
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Waisman, Henri-David, Cassen, Christophe, Hamdi-Chérif, Meriem, and Hourcade, Jean-Charles
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- 2014
5. Climate policy architecture for the Cancun paradigm shift: building on the lessons from history
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Hourcade, Jean-Charles, Shukla, P.-R., and Cassen, Christophe
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- 2015
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6. La structuration de l’économie de l’environnement et du développement en France : le cas du CIRED (1968-1986)
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Cassen, Christophe and Missemer, Antoine
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lcsh:Social Sciences ,lcsh:H ,économie de l’environnement ,environmental economics ,scientific agenda ,Sachs ,économie du développement ,écodéveloppement ,agenda scientifique ,development economics ,eco-development - Abstract
Dans les années 1970, quelques chercheurs comme Ignacy Sachs et René Passet ont permis en France l’élaboration de programmes de recherche novateurs pour mieux appréhender les questions de développement (Nord et Sud) et de préservation de l’environnement. Sur la base d’archives et d’entretiens, cette contribution reconstruit et analyse le processus de structuration, tant intellectuelle qu’institutionnelle, de l’expertise combinée environnement-développement en France. Le cas du CIRED, fondé par Sachs en 1973, sert de fil rouge pour mettre en lumière les lignes de force, leviers et obstacles rencontrés dans l’élaboration de ce nouvel agenda. Il ressort de cet examen que le soutien des institutions (nationales et internationales) a joué un rôle déterminant, et que l’expertise, tout en cherchant à s’autonomiser, a dû passer par un processus de normalisation pour s’installer dans le paysage scientifique des années 1980. In the 1970s, in France, a few researchers such as Ignacy Sachs and René Passet elaborated innovative research programmes to have a better understanding of development (North and South) and environmental issues. On the basis of archives and interviews, this article reconstructs and analyses the structuring process, both intellectual and institutional, of the environment-development expertise in France. The case of CIRED, created by Sachs in 1973, helps us illuminate how this new agenda was settled. Our findings are the followings: the support from national and international institutions has been crucial; and while the new expertise tried to become a new, autonomous field, it finally had to go through a normalization process to exist in the academic landscape of the 1980s. An English translation of this article is available at: https://hal.science/halshs-02548876v1.
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- 2020
7. Organising Policy-Relevant Knowledge for Climate Action: Integrated Assessment Modelling, the IPCC, and the Emergence of a Collective Expertise on Socioeconomic Emission Scenarios
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Cointe, Béatrice, Cassen, Christophe, and Nadaï, Alain
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Special Issue: Foreknowledge in Public Policy - Abstract
Greenhouse gas emission scenarios are key in analyses of human interference with the climate system. They are mainly produced by one category of computer models: Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs). We analyse how IAM research organised into a community around the production of socio-economic scenarios during the preparation of the IPCC AR5 (2005-2014). We seek to describe the co-emergence of a research community, its instruments, and its domain of applicability. We highlight the role of the IPCC process in the making of the IAM community, showing how IAMs worked their way to an influent position. We then survey three elements of the repertoire that served to organise collective work on scenarios in interaction with the IPCC and the European Union, and which now frames the community and its epistemic practices. This repertoire needs to articulate epistemic practices with the pursuit of policy relevance, which shows how epistemic communities and patterns of co-production materialise in practical arrangements.
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- 2019
8. From The Limits to Growth to Greenhouse Gas Emissions Pathways: Technological Change in Global Computer Models (1972–2007).
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Cassen, Christophe and Cointe, Béatrice
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From the World2 and World3 models to contemporary Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) that model carbon neutral emission pathways, global computer models have served as virtual laboratories for addressing economic, environmental and technological concerns together. Representing technological change has been a controversial element of global modelling efforts because, to a great extent, it sets the parameters on conceivable futures. To retrace this history, this article analyses four moments when modellers debated technological change: the controversy spurred by The Limits to Growth in the 1970s; subsequent global future studies during that decade; the IIASA Energy in a Finite World study in the 1980s; and the shift to endogenous technological change in IAMs in the 2000s. It shows that the notion of technological change as a predictable parameter affecting the future of society was not a given. Technological change progressively became a parameter in models as more elaborate methodologies were developed to simulate it. When modellers began to focus on climate action in the 1990s and 2000s, their interest in the relationship between technological change and social change dwindled. The increasing skill with which modellers formally represented technological dynamics was commensurate to the decline of heated discussions over how conflicting worldviews shaped simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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9. Getting models and modellers to inform deep decarbonization strategies.
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Lecocq, Franck, Nadaï, Alain, and Cassen, Christophe
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CARBON dioxide mitigation ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,MANUFACTURING processes ,GRAND strategy (Political science) ,WORK experience (Employment) - Abstract
An increasing number of countries issue Deep Decarbonization Strategies (DDS). While DDS contents are well analysed, the processes by which they are developed attract less attention. This paper investigates what numerical model(s) are used in these processes, how they are used, and how models, modellers and stakeholders jointly contribute to the production of DDS. It draws lessons from an in-depth analysis of the second French national low-carbon strategy, complemented with insights from the US, Swedish and Brazilian DDS production processes. While configurations differ, DDS processes typically rely on multiple, sometimes overlapping models and involve a broad range of stakeholders. Articulating models together, and through stakeholder consultations, produces both numbers and collectives that share visions of the future – and both are equally important. Setting up and coordinating such assemblages of models and stakeholders requires effort, time, anticipation and resources. The cases presented here highlight the importance of technical, institutional and relational legacies (e.g. prior experience of joint work, hybrid communities), and of political support. We conclude on the importance for policymakers to account for these dimensions when setting up DDS processes and layout avenues for further research. Key policy insights The production of Deep Decarbonization Strategies (DDS) relies on multi-model, multi-stakeholder processes and requires developing models in consultation with stakeholders. These modelling assemblages produce numbers, shared visions and also relationships – all of which are equally important when it comes to elaborating DDS. Such assemblages require time, resources, trial and error, which in turn points to the importance of institutional, relational and technical legacies (e.g. prior experience with and around modelling tools, hybrid communities), as well as of political support, in facilitating this work. DDS elaboration processes constitute a learning experiment and present opportunities for technical and institutional innovation. Policymakers should anticipate and plan for these dimensions when deciding to produce DDS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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10. Reducing the Fault Lines of the European Economy through the Low Carbon Transition
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Hourcade, Jean-Charles, Bibas, Ruben, Cassen, Christophe, centre international de recherche sur l'environnement et le développement (CIRED), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), and CIRED, IASS, GCF
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[SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society - Published
- 2018
11. Integrating Assessment Modelling: A community in-the-making
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Cassen, Christophe, Cointe, Béatrice, Nadaï, Alain, centre international de recherche sur l'environnement et le développement (CIRED), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Laboratoire méditerranéen de sociologie (LAMES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), CNRS INSIS Défi Energie projet Sociomod (2015), CNRS programme CAUSE - projet PROSPER, ANDRA, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-AgroParisTech-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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modelling ,[SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology ,ipcc ,integrated assessment ,community ,epistemic culture ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences - Abstract
International audience; One year after COP21 in Paris that reached to a global agreement on climate action, it is timely to come back to the scientific expertise that is part of the debates about climate change. The almost symbiotic relationship between scientific expertise and political discussions in this field is well‐documented (e.g. Shackley and Wynne, 1996; Agrawala, 1999; Miller, 2004; Edwards, 2010). This scientific expertise is not limited to climate science, but it is rarely considered in all its diversity, with physical and natural science drawing most of the attention. While the history and the role of climate scenarios/models and the development of expertise on climate change have been extensively analysed (e.g. Edwards, 1996, 2010; Guillemot, 2007; van der Sluijs et al., 1998), the development of socio‐ and techno-economic assessments in this fieldhas not received the same attention. However, these seem to play a crucial role in the elaboration of climate policy, insofar as they contribute to the understanding of the interactions between climate and societies. The rise of climate change on the public agenda since the late 1980s has prompted the need for quantitative assessments of the costs and impacts of mitigation strategies, in particular in view of the IPCC reports. To meet this demand, an increasing number of scenarios have been produced by Energy‐Economy‐Environment (E3) models. These gather different types of models – including the Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) – which help to reduce the complexity and heterogeneity of relevant processes, inform and to an extent frame international climate negotiations, by producing a large array of numerical projections and scenarios.This paper focuses on Integrated Assessment models (IAMs). It follows the co-evolution of the IAMs institutions and research community, and of their agenda of modelling efforts. We do so by focusing on the preparation of the 5th Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Assessment Report (AR5). IAMs are stylized numerical approaches which aim at representing complex socio-physical interactions among energy, agriculture, the economic system … as systems. Based on a set of input assumptions, they produce quantified scenarios (e.g. energy system transitions, land use transitions, economic effects of mitigation, emissions trajectories …) that helps us exploring potential climate policy strategies. They are a heterogeneous category that has gradually emerged from a set of distinct intellectual traditions (Weyant et al., 1996; Crassous, 2009). IAMs can thus be built on rather different assumptions: they can follow distinct logics and represent the same processes with different levels of details. IAMs and the scenarios they produce have grown central to the work of IPCC and seem to play an increasingly important part in climate negotiations and policies. Their influence has become particularly striking in the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report through the work and contribution of “Working Group III” – entitled ‘mitigation of climate change’. During the process of preparing the AR5, Working Group III was chaired by one of the main actors of the current IAM research community. IAMs outcome and perspective were used as a guiding and structuring principle. IAM scenarios were expected to serve as bridging devices between the three IPCC working groups (which involve different scientific disciplines), albeit interviews suggest that the extent to which they succeeded in this respect remains unclear. IAMs influence has built up conjointly with the structuring of IAM research as a distinct field of expertise and that of IAMs researchers network through a series of European Projects and regular meetings. All of this contributed to the consolidation of IAM as a category of models with common – or at least comparable – characteristics. How did ‘IAM’ emerge as a relatively unified – though diverse – category and research field? How and where did the IAM community organise as such, and what is it made of? How have integrated assessment modellers organised the heterogeneity of their models so as to establish them as credible and reliable sources of policy-relevant expertise? How do they manage uncertainties, considering both the scope and complexity of the systems they study, and the many conceptual repertoires they draw from (physics, economics, systems dynamics, environmental sciences…)?In order to answer such questions, we conducted a first series of interviews with modellers and key players in the IAMs community. These were undertaken on different occasions such as: the conference Our Common Future Under Climate Change (OCFCC) (Paris, July 2015), the venue to France of the head of the Energy Modelling Forum (October 2016), two visits to major research institutes in this field (PIK and PBL/University of Utrecht). These interviews have been completed by observations during two conference sessions focused on IAMs: a side event entitled « New frontiers of integrated assessment of climate change and policies » during the OCFCC Conference, and the 8th meeting of the Integrated Assessment Modelling Consortium (IAMC) (Postdam, November 2015). Attending and observing these sessions gave us an overview of the debates among modellers, the diversity of their approaches, the key challenges that are discussed in the community, the potential tensions within the community, and the way in which this research field is structuring itself. Last, we analysed the main inter-comparison modelling programs that were developed between the publications of the 4th and 5th IPCC reports and the material that was produced on these occasions (reports, articles…). In gathering and studying this empirical material, we tried to combine two approaches: a sociological perspective on the communities, networks, practices and discourses relevant to IAMs, and an historical perspective on the emergence and evolution of IAM research in terms of content, objectives and communities.In our contribution, we will emphasize the role of the research programs that have been conducted in specific forums – such as: the Energy Modeling Forum coordinated by Stanford University, the EU FP7 projects…- looking at the way in which they contributed in setting the agenda of the modelling research community and in steering the production of scenarios. We will also analyse the mutual relationship between these program, their outcomes and the contribution of WG III to the IPCC process and outcome, in particular within the 5th Assessment report. Model inter-comparison is a crucial part of these programs which have multiplied since the early 2000’s. It consists in comparing the outputs of a range of models under similar hypotheses, usually focusing on one specific modelling and/or policy issue (e.g. technological innovation, land-use changes, etc.). Though it draws from similar practices in climate change research, the reliance on model inter-comparisons appears as a defining feature of IAM research, and it has played a role in the cohesion of IAM as a category of expertise relevant to climate policy.For instance, since the 4th IPCC report published in 2007, the feasibility of low carbon trajectories consistent with the 2°C target that was institutionalized in 2009 at the Copenhagen conference has been a key question. It was the subject of the main modelling exercises conducted by the Energy Modeling Forum (EMF) headed by Stanford University and European research programs, mostly funded by the Commission. From 1991 onwards, the EMF organized a series of workshops dedicated to climate issues. In view of the IPCC 5th Assessment Report, EM 22, 24, 27 and 28 provided a global inter-comparison modeling exercise around the 2°C objective target, at different scales (world, US and EU level). Each of these sessions gathered researchers with an expertise of the question under consideration and followed the same protocol: a first stage was dedicated to the elaboration of a set of common scenarios based on harmonized assumptions that were then assessed by models. Since 2007, another large part of the scenarios produced for the IPCC 5th Assessment Report has come from similar inter-comparison modeling projects funded by the 7th European Framework Program. This highlights EU’s growing political and scientific interest in climate policies over this period. The main findings of these research programs were synthetized in consolidated reports. They were published in international peer‐reviewed journals in the energy and climate fields. The results from these projects represent a significant part of the scenario database included in the IPCC 5th Assessment Report , which included over 1000 scenarios. The Integrated Assessment Modeling Consortium (IAMC), another and newer forum for discussing IAM research, also is a key arena for comparing IAMs and organizing priorities for future research. It was created in 2007 and was instrumental in the preparation of the contribution of Working Group III to the IPCC 5th Assessment Report. Besides providing resources and a setting for regular meetings of IAM researchers, IAMC puts a lot of efforts into the mapping and systematization of IAM models and scenarios, thereby contributing to their unification as a category of models.Last but not least, we will also investigate how, by fostering common problem definitions and methodological approaches within the research programs or the creation of the IAMC, these inter-comparison modeling have contributed to delineate an IAM community. Our paper will wonder to what extent the IAM community can be described as an epistemic community (Haas, 1992) which participates, through the production of socio-economic scenarios, to the framing of the assessment of climate policies in IPCC Working Group III. It will also reflect on current evolutions, in particular those related to the Paris agreement on climate change and to the emergence of potential competing approaches and forums focused on national assessment and practical solutions in its wake (e.g Deep Decarbonization Pathway Project). In doing so, it will shed light on the epistemic, institutional and social dynamics involved in the production, framing and diffusion of a very specific type of expertise about the future.
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- 2016
12. Sustainability, Globalization and the Energy sector A European perspective
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Cassen, Christophe, Brunelle, Thierry, Waisman, Henri-David, centre international de recherche sur l'environnement et le développement (CIRED), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-AgroParisTech-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CIRED, Chaire MPDD, European Project: 227055,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2008-1,GLOBIS(2009), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)
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Energy policies ,[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics] ,Climate policies ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,Natural Resource Constraints ,Globalization - Abstract
International audience This paper analyzes the socio-economic effects of energy sustainability challenges raised by oil depletion and climate change at the European and global level. We assess macroeconomic impacts at different time horizons over 2010-2100 and under different visions of the future of globalization . Fragmented capital markets affect the pace and direction of change and induce additional economic losses in the long term. Regionalized good markets have a positive effect in the long term since less intense international trade moderates the effects of fossil fuel constraints. A sustainable energy future will require implementing policies and measures that are able to (i) provide correct incentives for long-term investments by resorting to other signals than current market prices, (ii) incorporate sectoral measures that act complementarily to pricing schemes measures for sectors confronted with biased agents' behaviors or strong inertias, (iii) foster globalization patterns that are consistent with energy sustainability objectives. The challenge consists in articulating the objectives and the instruments of these different policy and measures triggering the transition towards sustainable future.
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- 2014
13. Low Carbon Scenarios for Europe: An Evaluation of Upscaling Low Carbon Experiments.
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Cassen, Christophe, Hamdi-Chérif, Meriem, Cotella, Giancarlo, Toniolo, Jacopo, Lombardi, Patrizia, and Hourcade, Jean-Charles
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This paper focuses on transformational processes in a post Paris agreement context. It uses IMACLIM-R, an E3 (Environment--Energy--Economy) model allowing for the integration of urban forms, transport dynamics, environmental policies and behaviors. Building upon the study of a set of local low carbon experiments throughout the European Union (EU), the paper explores two contrasted stylized scenarios of the low carbon transition in Europe. It highlights that carbon pricing policies are useful guides for transition but cannot achieve the ambitious objective without significant transition costs. It shows that low carbon experiments in the transport and energy sectors are critical dimensions of complementary measures in favor of green infrastructures. Broadening and upscaling low carbon experiments helps overcome the inertias of the transport sector by fostering radical changes in infrastructures, thereby introducing deep transformations in mobility behavior. This can then generate positive macroeconomic outcomes, even though they are also dependent on specific financial support, calling for a renegotiation of the social contract based on specific fiscal reforms and measures to secure funding for these initiatives. The paper concludes with some research avenues for improving this preliminary work and calls for a better understanding of the complexity of the socio-economic patterns of both the transition and the conditions for an effective implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
- Full Text
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14. Sustainable Energy transitions and the Economic Globalization
- Author
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Cassen, Christophe, Henri, Waisman, Hourcade, Jean Charles, centre international de recherche sur l'environnement et le développement (CIRED), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), and Chaire MPDD
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Energy ,Climate Policies ,Long term Modeling ,[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance ,Globalization - Abstract
The deepening of world economic globalization has contributed to a sizeable boost of emerging countries' economies over the last decade and, consequently, to increasing tensions on oil markets. It has also lead to increasing emissions of CO2 in the atmosphere contributing to global warming. Post 2012 climate policies will thus insert themselves in a context where tensions on oil markets constitute a key challenge. But a number of another dimensions additionally complicates this background such as the current financial crisis, poverty alleviation, energy and food security, health and local environmental protection. They equally need to be addressed as they will directly impact transition pathways towards a low carbon society and fundamental change in institutions, technologies, social behaviors and infrastructures required. Hence, we will seek to the synergies (win-win strategies) between the intertwined issues of energy security and environmental safety (combat against climate change) likely to deliver sustainable transition pathways. In order to achieve that, we provide quantitative assessment of those different aspects of global sustainability under different visions of the globalization process in terms of governance (coordinated vs. fragmented), trade and capital flows, technical progress (diffusion of efficiency and productivity gains) and the geopolitical context (which conditions the climate negotiations and the strategic behavior of oil producers). This is done in particular by embarking explicitly the long-term drivers of oil markets into the general equilibrium model IMACLIM-R, which is designed to capture the interdependencies between the energy sector and the macroeconomic context. The analysis is structured around a set of scenarios based on contrasted assumptions on the drivers of baseline and policy scenarios reflecting various sets of sustainability goals and alternative views of the globalization process on the dimensions listed above.
- Published
- 2012
15. Sustainability, globalization and the energy sector: A case study on Europe, Globis EUFP7 project, octobre 2011
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Waisman, H., Cassen, Christophe, Hourcade, Jean Charles, centre international de recherche sur l'environnement et le développement (CIRED), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)
- Subjects
[SDE]Environmental Sciences - Published
- 2011
16. Electric vehicles: What economic viability and climate benefits in contrasting futures? - Renault
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Vogt-Schilb, Adrien, Sassi, Olivier, Cassen, Christophe, Hourcade, Jean Charles, centre international de recherche sur l'environnement et le développement (CIRED), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)
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[SDE]Environmental Sciences - Abstract
nc
- Published
- 2009
17. 'A Novel Hybrid Architecture for Agriculture and Land Use in an Integrated Modeling Framework', Matisse Working Papers 27, Project N° 004059 (GOCE) of the 6th Framework Programme of the European Union
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Hourcade, Jean Charles, Crassous, Renaud, Cassen, Christophe, Dorin, Bruno, centre international de recherche sur l'environnement et le développement (CIRED), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)
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[SDE]Environmental Sciences - Published
- 2008
18. A novel hybrid architecture for agriculture and land use in an integrated modeling framework : MATISSE (Methods and Tools for Integrated Sustainability Assesment)
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Hourcade, Jean-Charles, Crassous, Renaud, Cassen, Christophe, Dorin, Bruno, and Gitz, Vincent
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Utilisation des terres ,U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques ,Agriculture ,Développement durable ,Énergie ,Hydrogène ,P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières ,Modélisation environnementale - Abstract
As part of a cluster workshop on sustainability of hydrogen transport technologies held in Frankfurt on 21st February 2006, MATISSE researchers conducted break-out discussion groups with, and distributed self-completion questionnaires to, stakeholders in hydrogen transport technology. The break-out group discussions revealed that stakeholders do not hold naïve views about the potential for hydrogen by itself to meet requirements for sustainability within either transport or wider energy systems. Most stakeholders did not equate hydrogen transport technology with sustainable mobility. For sustainable transport, stakeholders acknowledged the importance of modal shift and reduced demand (through more public transport use, congestion charging, teleworking, etc.); two groups emphasised a need for societal value change (e.g., away from aspirations to own powerful/luxury cars). Furthermore, for many (though not all) stakeholders the future involves hydrogen technologies co-existing with other transport technologies, e.g., biofuels and hybrid vehicles. Several participants pointed to the risks associated with focussing on one technological solution to the exclusion of possible alternatives. Nevertheless, stakeholders were broadly positive about hydrogen technologies; many pointed to the potential for hydrogen to offer a solution to problems of emissions, energy security and international competition. Participants highlighted a range of requirements that hydrogen - or indeed alternative technological, institutional and behavioural options for sustainable transport/energy systems - must meet to be defined as "sustainable". These requirements go beyond simply considerations of hydrogen production and supply to include sustainable levels of mobility and societal values that impact on travel choices.
- Published
- 2008
19. Biofuels and the environment-development gordian knot: Insights on the Brazilian exception
- Author
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Hourcade, Jean-Charles, Crassous, Renaud, Saglio, Antoine, Gitz, Vincent, Cassen, Christophe, Thery, Daniel, and Pereira, André
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E16 - Economie de la production ,P06 - Sources d'énergie renouvelable ,Biomasse ,Biocarburant ,P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières - Published
- 2008
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