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The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) parameters (g factors g_{i} and the hyperfine structure constants A_{i}, i = x, y, z) are interpreted by using the perturbation formulae for a 3d^{9} ion in rhombically (D_{2h}) elongated octahedra. In the calculated formulae, the crystal field parameters are set up from the superposition model, and the contribution to the EPR parameters from the admixture of d-orbitals in the ground state wave function of the Cu^{2+} ion was taken into account. Based on the calculation, local structural parameters of the impurity Cu^{2+} center in Cd_{2}(NH_{4})_{2}(SO_{4})_{3} (CAS) crystal were obtained (i.e., R_{x} ≈ 2.05 Å, R_{y} ≈ 1.91Å, R_{z} ≈ 2.32 Å). The theoretical EPR parameters based on the above Cu^{2+}-O^{2-} bond lengths in CAS crystal show a good agreement with the observed values. The results are discussed.

On the basis of the perturbation formulas for a d^1 configuration ion in a tetragonal crystal field, the three optical absorption bands and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) parameters (g factors g_i and hyperfine structure constants A_i for i = || and ⊥, respectively) of VO^{2+} in Na_3C_6H_5O_7·2H_2O (TSCD) single crystals were studied using the perturbation theory method. By simulating the calculated optical and EPR spectra to the observed values, local structure parameters and negative signs of the hyperfine structure constants A_i of the octahedral (VO_6)^{8-} cluster in TSCD single crystal can be obtained.

The polymer gels containing dynamic cross-links and mesogenic groups are among the key candidates for the development of soft actuators and detectors, displays, sensors and other programmable and self-healing materials. In this article, firstly, the collapse of polymer networks with irreversible cross-links in the presence of a dynamic cross-linker is investigated by means of Flory-type theory. It is shown that, at not a very poor solvent quality (near the theta-conditions), the swelling ratio for a gel containing irreversible and dynamic cross-links is less than for a gel with irreversible cross-links only, whereas at poor or good solvent qualities sizes of these gels are close to each other. The number of dynamic cross-links monotonically increases with worsening the solvent quality. The gel contraction can be also achieved by increasing the dynamic cross-linker concentration, which allows one to change the transition point in a wide range of solvent conditions. Secondly, polymer networks containing irreversible and dynamic cross-links and incorporating mesogenic side groups is studied using the Maier–Saupe theory. With decreasing in the temperature, the continuous transition from a swollen to collapsed state occurs. With further increase in the temperature, the swelling ratio discontinuously decreases and the nematic order parameter sharply increases from zero to a value ​​close to one. By increasing the dynamic cross-linker concentration, the swelling-to-collapse transition and, then, the isotropic-nematic transition are observed. A phase diagram of the gel is constructed and, depending on the dynamic cross-linker concentration and temperature, the swollen gel with the zero nematic order parameter, the collapsed gel with the zero nematic order parameter, and the collapsed gel with the nematic ordering can be formed. A growth of the length of the mesogenic side group leads to an increase in the area of ​​existence of the collapsed gel with the nematic ordering in the phase diagram. The obtained theoretical results are in agreement with corresponding experimental data from the literature.