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Objectives: The work is aimed to present and promote the Chemical Safety Management Training Hub for Chemicals Users (ChemSM-Hub) project implemented by the Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine in cooperation with the Lodz University of Technology, Poland, and other partners from Germany (Oekopol GmbH), Greece (Prolipsis) and Romania (Romtens). The project is co-funded by the European Commission under the Erasmus+ program, whose aim is to support downstream users (DUs) and distributors (Ds) of chemicals in complying with the REACH and CLP Regulations by developing an innovative training program in chemical safety management (CSM), available via the online project platform, adapted to the real needs of the target groups., Material and Methods: The methodology for implementing the ChemSM-Hub project includes: 1) conducting survey research among the target groups, 2) conducting a state-of-the-art review of literature and websites, 3) developing the Dissemination and Promotion Plan, 4) developing the Monitoring and Evaluation Procedure, 5) developing the CSM training curriculum, 6) designing the project e-learning platform and mobile app, 7) developing the "Training pattern for trainers" guidance, and 8) organizing training events., Results: The project is being implemented in response to the changing EU legislation on chemicals. As a result of the project, a CSM training program has been established consisting of 3 modules (introductory, basic and advanced) with varying degrees of complexity. In addition, a pocket guide has been developed that contains basic information for DUs and Ds regarding the REACH and CLP Regulations, as well as the "Training pattern for trainers" guidance containing a CSM training session plan for trainers. All these materials will be available via the project platform, and their selected elements also via a mobile app., Conclusions: The publication is aimed to familiarize the potential users of the ChemSM-Hub training program with its thematic scope, the structure of the training and the expected results. It is also a way to promote online training adapted to the needs of its target groups. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2020;33(3):247-61., (This work is available in Open Access model and licensed under a CC BY-NC 3.0 PL license.)

This study evaluates the attitudes and perspectives of different stakeholder groups (agricultural producers, pesticide manufacturers, trading companies, retailers, regulators, food safety authorities, scientists and NGOs) towards the concepts of cumulative and aggregate exposure assessment of pesticides by means of qualitative in-depth interviews (n = 15) and a quantitative stakeholder survey (n = 65). The stakeholders involved generally agreed that the use of chemical pesticides is needed, primarily for meeting the need of feeding the growing world population, while clearly acknowledging the problematic nature of human exposure to pesticide residues. Current monitoring was generally perceived to be adequate, but the timeliness and consistency of monitoring practices across countries were questioned. The concept of cumulative exposure assessment was better understood by stakeholders than the concept of aggregate exposure assessment. Identified pitfalls were data availability, data limitations, sources and ways of dealing with uncertainties, as well as information and training needs. Regulators and food safety authorities were perceived as the stakeholder groups for whom cumulative and aggregate pesticide exposure assessment methods and tools would be most useful and acceptable. Insights obtained from this exploratory study have been integrated in the development of targeted and stakeholder-tailored dissemination and training programmes that were implemented within the EU-FP7 project ACROPOLIS., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

This article examines the relationship between operator characteristics and process control performance. Thirty-nine trainee operators participated in a 4-h training session of a simulated process control task and a testing session in which various system faults had to be managed. Cognitive ability, cognitive flexibility, self-efficacy and personality traits were measured as operator characteristics. Cognitive ability related positively to system control performance but not to diagnostic performance. Participants with low cognitive flexibility performed best on system control, whereas participants with high cognitive flexibility performed best on diagnostic performance. A hierarchical regression analysis revealed that cognitive ability, cognitive flexibility and declarative knowledge accounted for about 30% of the variability of system control. The findings suggest that consideration of cognitive ability and cognitive flexibility be increased in personnel selection for complex work environments.

The transition to synthetic chemicals as a popular method of insect control in the United States was one of the most critical developments in the history of American agriculture. Historians of agriculture have effectively identified the rise and charted the dominance of early chemical insecticides as they came to define commercial agriculture between the emergence of Paris green in the 1870s and the popularity of DDT in the 1940s and beyond. Less understood, however, are the underlying mechanics of this transition. this article thus takes up the basic question of how farmers and entomologists who were once dedicated to an impressively wide range of insect control options ultimately settled on the promise of a chemically driven approach to managing destructive insects. Central to this investigation is an emphasis on the bureaucratic maneuverings of Leland O. Howard, who headed the Bureau of Entomology from 1894 to 1927. Like most entomologists of his era, Howard was theoretically interested in pursuing a wide variety of control methods--biological, chemical, and cultural included. In the end, however, he employed several tactics to streamline the government's efforts to almost exclusively support arsenic and lead-based chemical insecticides as the most commercially viable form of insect control. While Howard in no way "caused" the national turn to chemicals, this article charts the pivotal role he played in fostering that outcome.

The production processes of the petrochemical industry expose workers to high potential hazards. Our previous study showed that hazard recognition was closely related to worker safety and health training activities. The purpose of this study was to establish and validate a safety and health training model. It is expected that the training model will help workers to recognize hazards, thereby lowering their operating risks. The training model, which included a complete training course and follow-up scoring using a questionnaire, was applied to three groups of subjects for comparison. Group A had joined our study previously and took the training course again at this time. Group B had also joined our previous study but did not take this training course. Group C was new to our study and took this training course for the first time. Groups A and C (who took the training course) had higher cognition and attitude scores than group B (who did not take the training course). The training course was a significant factor that positively influenced both cognition and attitude scores among managers and workers. The training course was more significant for managers while the duration of education was more significant for workers.

Over the course of the past decade, green chemistry has demonstrated how fundamental scientific methodologies can protect human health and the environment in an economically beneficial manner. Significant progress is being made in several key research areas, such as catalysis, the design of safer chemicals and environmentally benign solvents, and the development of renewable feedstocks. Current and future chemists are being trained to design products and processes with an increased awareness for environmental impact. Outreach activities within the green chemistry community highlight the potential for chemistry to solve many of the global environmental challenges we now face. The origins and basis of green chemistry chart a course for achieving environmental and economic prosperity inherent in a sustainable world.