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The coupled system of multilayer dynamics of fluids in porous media is to describe the history of oil-gas transport and accumulation in basin evolution. It is of great value in rational evaluation of prospecting and exploiting oil-gas resources. The mathematical model can be described as a coupled system of nonlinear partial differential equations with moving boundary values. A kind of characteristic finite difference schemes is put forward, from which optimal order estimates in l 2 norm are derived for the error in the approximate solutions. The research is important both theoretically and practically for the model analysis in the field, the model numerical method and software development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human pluripotent stem-cell-derived organoids are models for human development and disease. We report a modified human kidney organoid system that generates thousands of similar organoids, each consisting of 1-2 nephron-like structures. Single-cell transcriptomic profiling and immunofluorescence validation highlighted patterned nephron-like structures utilizing similar pathways, with distinct morphogenesis, to human nephrogenesis. To examine this platform for therapeutic screening, the polycystic kidney disease genes PKD1 and PKD2 were inactivated by gene editing. PKD1 and PKD2 mutant models exhibited efficient and reproducible cyst formation. Cystic outgrowths could be propagated for months to centimeter-sized cysts. To shed new light on cystogenesis, 247 protein kinase inhibitors (PKIs) were screened in a live imaging assay identifying compounds blocking cyst formation but not overall organoid growth. Scaling and further development of the organoid platform will enable a broader capability for kidney disease modeling and high-throughput drug screens., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests A.P.M. receives consulting fees or stock options for his scientific advisory role for eGENESIS, TRESTLE BioTherapeutics, and IVIVA Medical. Amgen Inc. supports a USC-Amgen Scholar’s program, and C.J.S. is funded through this program. A.P.M., C.J.S., and T.T. have applied for intellectual property protection on work presented here (patent pending)., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)