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Cross-cultural leaders, are the behaviors or the characters of administrators who were able to manage or administrate people with different thoughts, beliefs, values and practice and combine them to form a single concept of being attentive to their work and trust their leaders to possess good attitudes and work efficiently for their ultimate goal of student development. The current study examines the situations of leadership and the guidelines for cross-cultural leadership development of World Class Standard School principals. The research sample was composed of 359 principals of World-Class Standard Schools in Secondary Educational Service Area Office. The research tool consisted of the 5-level rating scale questionnaire and the focus group discussion form. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and content analysis. The research findings revealed five components rated from the highest to the lowest levels as follows: 1) Communication ([X-bar] = 4.24, S.D. = 0.71), 2) Empathy ([X-bar] = 4.24, S.D. = 0.73), 3) Conflict Management ([X-bar] = 4.22, S.D. = 0.72), 4) Transformational Leadership ([X-bar] = 4.21, S.D. = 0.72) and 5) Trust ([X-bar] = 4.16, S.D. = 0.74). The guidelines for developing cross-cultural leadership can be summarized as follows: principals should develop communication skills that were expressive, clear, and appropriate to the situations by using rhetorical skills in persuasive speech, exchanging of information between the networks of principals and other organizations, being good mediators, emphasizing teamwork, encouraging the school personnel to have a sense of participation and work successfully in order to achieve the vision of the school, remaining neutral, avoiding conflicts, creating consciousness and friendly atmosphere in the organization. Taking advantage of this research to improve the quality of administration in schools and administrators at all levels.

This research aimed at creating a structural model of the indicators of Educational Leadership for Primary School Principals in Thailand, which is considered to be a theoretical model that has been used to test for coherence with the empirical data collected from a sample group of 580 participants, who were selected from 30,719 Primary School Principals from across the country. To create this theoretical structural model, a study of the suitability of the indicators was carried out so that it could be further used in the selection within the model, as well as in the model's coherence test with the empirical data and in the investigation of the factor loading. The results of the research were as follows: Firstly, all indicators, which had been applied in the research were selected and were then placed into the theoretical structural model because the average and distribution coefficient values were as set in the criteria. Secondly, the theoretical model is coherent with the empirical data as the values of relative Chi-square, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation, Goodness-of-Fit Index, Adjusted Goodness-of-Fit Index, Comparative Fit Index, and Normed Fit Index were as set in the criteria. Finally, the factor loadings of the key elements, sub-elements, and the indicators were as set in the criteria. This showed that the theoretical model from this research can be beneficial for the research population with construct validity.

The objective of this research was to study the current condition, the desired condition, needs assessment, and guidelines of the development of primary school administrators' attributes in the 21st century. This is descriptive research, and the research's sample group consisted of 370 school administrators and teachers; they were selected using stratified random sampling. The research tools were semi-structured interviews and questionnaires, which have 0.98 of precision and 0.60-1.00 of IOC. The statistical measurements which were used in this research were frequency, percentage, average, standard deviation, and the value of needs assessment using the Priority Need Index (PNI_modified). The research found that the overall current conditions and conditions in each dimension were at a medium level, whereas the overall desired conditions were at the highest level, which later were analyzed for the needs assessment of the primary school administrators' attributes in the 21st century in the following dimensions: 1) creativity and innovations, 2) visions, 3) being a desirable leader, 4) interpersonal relations, and 5) relations with work. Guidelines of the development of primary school administrators' attributes in 21st century comprise of: 1) the development of creativity and innovations, 2) opportunity provision to reach the 21st century's standards together in terms of the organization's visions, 3) reinforcement of 21st century leadership's attributes, 4) reinforcement of 21st century interpersonal relation's attributes, and 5) increase of the effectiveness of services which relate to the work within the 21st century organizations.

The objectives of this research were 1) to examine the causal relationship model of factors affecting the effectiveness of primary schools which was developed through empirical data, 2) to study the factors that have direct, indirect and overall influence on the effectiveness of primary schools in Khon Kaen. The samples were 640 school administrators including teachers in Khon Kaen primary schools. The data were analyzed by program computer using the method of structural equation modeling (SEM). The research results indicated that the causal relationship model factors affecting the effectiveness of Khon Kaen primary schools consist of 5 latent variables or factors namely: 1) school vision, 2) academic leadership, 3) promotion of school climate and environment, 4) quality teaching, and 5) learned behavior of students. As for causal relationship model of factors affecting the effectiveness of the above-stated schools, it is found that the construct validity is in congruence with the empirical data. The indices of congruence are Chi-Square at 94.793, df = 87, P-value=0.2662, TLI= 0.998, CFI=0.999, SRMR=0.031, RMSEA=0.013, with statistical significance at 0.01. The factors that directly and positively affect were of statistical significance at 0.01, are 1) shared vision, 2) academic leadership, 3) teaching quality, respectively, The most indirect influential factors affecting the school effectiveness are 1) shared vision, having indirect influence in positive manner to climate and environment of the schools, affecting in positive manner to teachers' teaching quality, and 3) academic leadership having indirect influence in positive manner on school climate and environment that affect students' learning, respectively.

This mixed methods research has main objectives consisting of investigating the components and creating strategies for the development of change leadership in the modern age among the administrators of Mahamakut Buddhist University. The sample consisted of administrators, teachers, and officers working in Mahamakut Buddhist University. Based on the implications of Krejcie and Morgan's (1970) table for sample size allocation, a total of 262 samples were recruited. The quality of the research instruments can be verified by the content validity and reliability with an IOC of between 0.80 - 1.00 and a reliability of 0.98. The current existing condition of the change leadership for both the overall and the itemized analysis was found to be at a "Moderate level". The strategies for the development of change leadership in the modern age among the administrators of Mahamakut Buddhist University had consisted of the following: 1) six measures for participation at work, 2) seven measures for collective vision, 3) six measures for the promotion of Wisdom exercises, 4) five measures for incentive and inspiration creation, and 5) six measures for promotion of teamwork.

The objectives of this research were to study the needs assessment and to develop management strategies for enhancing the entrepreneurship of students. This study was conducted by utilizing Mixed Methods Research. The sample group used in this study consisted of School Directors and Teachers totaling 226 persons under the Northeastern Industrial and Community Education Colleges in Thailand. The tools used for data collection were questionnaires and strategic evaluation forms. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, namely, frequency distributions, percentages, means, standard deviations, and PNI[subscript Modified]. The results of the research revealed the followings: 1)In all, the current conditions of management for enhancing the entrepreneurship of the students were at a "High" level. Regarding the desired conditions, it was, in general, at the "Highest" level. As for the needs priority, it was found that the most needed aspects were the characteristics of Entrepreneurship, the management of an 'Entrepreneurial Incubation Center, and Teacher Development, respectively. 2) The management strategies for enhancing the entrepreneurship of students comprised visions, missions, targets, of 9 strategies with 62 measures, and 67 indicators. Some recommendations and suggestions for future research were introduced.

This study is a descriptive research study aiming to: 1) test the fitness between the theoretical model of the mindful leadership indicators and empirical data and 2) investigate factor loading value of the main elements, sub-elements, and indicators with models. The population of the research is 27,718 primary school principals under the office of the Basic Education Commission. Data collection means was rating-scale questionnaire from 610 participants in the sample group selected randomly by a multi-stage sampling technique. The data was analysed using a computer program. The results of the research confirmed the hypotheses of the research which are: the theoretical model is relevant to the empirical data, and the value of Relative Chi-Square (CMIN/DF), Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA), Goodness-of-Fit Index (GFI), Adjusted Goodness-of-Fit Index (AGFI), Comparative Fit Index (CFI), and (6) Normed Fit Index (NFI) is in accordance with the criteria and 2) the value of factor loading of the main elements is between 0.84 - 1.70 which is 0.70 higher than the criteria, the value of factor loading of the sub-elements is between 0.31 - 1.95, and the value of the factor loading of the indicators is between 0.30 - 8.26 which is 0.30 higher than the criteria.

This study aimed to examine the consistency of the structural relationship model in which developed from related theories, previous studies, and empirical data, respectively. The study also investigated factor loading of main components, subcomponents, and indicators. The population in this study was primary school principals under Office of the Basic Education Commission in Thailand. Collected data were used by multi-stage random sampling to get 660 samples. The data were analyzed by using statistical application and AMOS program. The results were consistent with hypothesis. The model of which developed from related theories and previous studies were consistent with empirical data based on the following values, e.g. relative Chi-square (CMIN/DF), Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA), Goodness-of-Fit Index (GFI), Adjusted Goodness-of-Fit Index (AGFI), Comparative Fit Index (CFI), and Normed Fit Index (NFI). Both first and second order confirmatory factors were also analyzed. Fator loading of main components was 0.90-1.47 which was higher than 0.70. Factor loading of sub-components was 0.73-2.13. Floading of indicators was 0.74-2.77 which was higher than 0.30, respectively.

Teachers with good supervision skills can help bridge the gap between academic and practical, ensuring that students will gain the skills and knowledge which they need to succeed in their chosen fields. At the same time, it helps them understand how these skills are applied in real-life settings. Overall, teacher supervision competencies are critical to the success of dual education systems. It ensures that students are educated and have high-quality training and are ready for future careers Therefore, the design of this research and development study on the teacher's competency components, the needs and program development for enhancement competencies of Teachers' Supervisory Competency of Dual Vocational Education System in Educational Institutions under Vocational Education Commission. The method of research and development was divided into 4 phases. The tools used were questionnaires, assessment forms, teacher-supervisor competency-building programs, and a semistructured interview. The statistics used were percentage, mean, and standard deviation. The results of the research were as follows: The competencies of training experience supervisors were categorized as follows: a) Curriculum administration and learning management b) Personal and Professional Development c) Innovation and information technology in education d) Ethics and professional ethics of teachers e) Educational research. These findings imply that the implemented program effectively contributed to the professional development of teachers' supervisors, leading to improved supervisory skills and competencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]