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En cardiología nuclear, el diagnóstico de infección e inflamación cardiovascular mediante PET/TC con [18F]FDG es de interés creciente, ya que esta técnica ha mejorado la certeza diagnóstica en pacientes con endocarditis infecciosa en prótesis valvulares respecto a la ecocardiografía, en pacientes con dispositivos intracardíacos, cuya frecuencia de implantación va en aumento debido al progresivo envejecimiento de la población, así como en aquellos con sospecha de vasculitis de grandes vasos. Son situaciones clínicas graves, en las que es necesario establecer lo antes posible el diagnóstico correcto y el tratamiento adecuado, pues pueden producir complicaciones severas, alta mortalidad, además de elevados costes hospitalarios. Se realiza una revisión del uso de la exploración PET/TC con [18F]FDG en la infección e inflamación cardiovascular, incluyendo el punto de vista clínico y la aportación de otras técnicas de imagen, centrándose en las condiciones para la adecuada realización de esta exploración, preparación del paciente, obtención de imágenes, su interpretación correcta y posibilidades de cuantificación, detallando las características específicas del diagnóstico en los pacientes con prótesis valvulares, dispositivos intracardíacos y vasculitis de grandes vasos, tanto inicialmente como durante el seguimiento, para valorar la respuesta al tratamiento. Se analizan las posibles causas de resultados falsos positivos y falsos negativos, y se destaca la especial importancia en estos casos de la colaboración multidisciplinar para obtener la máxima rentabilidad diagnóstica. In Nuclear Cardiology, the diagnosis of cardiovascular infection and inflammation by [18F]FDG PET/CT is of growing interest, because this technique has improved the certainty in the diagnosis of infective endocarditis in patients with prosthetic valves respect to echocardiography, in patients with cardiac implantable devices, with increasing frequency of implantation because of the progressive ageing of the population, as well as in patients with suspected large vessel vasculitis. They are serious clinical situations, where it is necessary to establish as soon as possible the correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment, because they can cause severe complications, high mortality and also increased health care costs. We review the use of [18F]FDG PET/CT in cardiovascular infection and inflammation, including the clinical point of view and the contribution of other image modalities, focusing on the conditions for the appropriate methodology of this exploration, patient preparation, images acquisition, their correct interpretation and the quantification possibilities, defining the specific characteristics of the diagnosis in patients with prosthetic valves, cardiac implantable devices and large vessel vasculitis, in initial diagnosis as well as in the follow-up, to assess the treatment response. We analyze the possible causes of false positive and false negative results and we emphasize the special value in these cases of a multidisciplinary team for optimal management of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: cognition; metabolomics; metagenomics; microbiome; Saccharomyces cerevisiae EN cognition metabolomics metagenomics microbiome Saccharomyces cerevisiae 740 743 4 09/03/21 20210901 NES 210901 There is progressive awareness that gut microbiota composition and function are associated with cognitive traits [1] through a putative gut microbiota-brain axis. Cognition, metabolomics, metagenomics, microbiome, Saccharomyces cerevisiae 8 Teoh ST, Putri S, Mukai Y, Bamba T, Fukusaki E. A metabolomics-based strategy for identification of gene targets for phenotype improvement and its application to 1-butanol tolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. [Extracted from the article]

In cerium oxide nanoparticles, the facets exposed control their reactivity and catalytic behavior and hence their performance in applications such as three-way catalysis, gas sensors, or solid fuel cells. Thus, the precise characterization of the cerium oxide facets exposed is crucial. In the present work, the geometry of branched cerium oxide nanoparticles, obtained by means of ligand-controlled overgrowth, is determined through the comparison between High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) experimental and simulated images. Two possible 3D structures, corresponding to octapod and tetrapod geometries, were suggested from a preliminary examination of the experimental HRTEM images. A comparative analysis of the gray scale intensity profiles of the simulated and experimental HRTEM images was then performed. This method proved capable of discriminating between the two proposed geometries, showing CeO2 nanoparticles to have an octapod geometry. The obtained results were further confirmed by comparing High Angular Dark Field experimental and simulated images of the nanoparticles. This method can be suitable whenever 3D-Tomographic reconstruction is not feasible in the TEM, for instance, in the case of highly beam sensitive materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A model of an epidemic is introduced to describe an indirect transmission of the disease through the density of pathogens in the environment. The scenario of an emerging disease in a contaminated environment is assumed and the possibility that an initial infection can spread in the population living in that environment is analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on the effect of Sb on the microstructure of GaInP layers grown by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE). These layers exhibit a CuPtB single variant ordering due to the intentional misorientation of the substrate (Ge(001) substrates with 6° misorientation towards the nearest [111] axis). The use of Sb as a surfactant during the GaInP growth does not modify the type of ordering, but it is found that the order parameter (η) decreases with increasing Sb flux. Dark field microscopy reveals a variation of the angle of the antiphase boundaries (APBs) with Sb amount. The microstructure is assessed through high angle annular dark field (HAADF) experiments and image simulation revealing Z-contrast loss in APBs due to the superposition of ordered domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]