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Peer tutoring is beneficial as a method of education because it allows students with different learning styles to work together in comfortable settings to complete academic assignments that will improve their grades. Peer tutoring gives students of all skill levels the chance to collaborate, democratically, and amicably work on academic assignments in pairs. With this method, students with different levels of intelligence rely on one another to understand academic material, especially while completing challenging assignments. Hence, the current investigation aims to explore the effectiveness of online peer tutoring programs in college education. The findings of the analysis indicate that the impact of online peer tutoring on academic performance is consistent across diverse academic disciplines. By examining the full range of advantages of online tutoring programs in higher education, examining their effects on students' learning engagement, concentrating on China as a special context, and providing helpful recommendations for their implementation in higher education, the study makes a novel contribution to the field of online tutoring programs. The results demonstrate that college students who regularly engage in online peer tutoring are more likely to have higher retention rates. As per the findings, the analysis proves that online peer tutoring significantly enhances the sense of community among college students, leading to increased engagement in their coursework. The results reveal that online peer tutoring significantly enhances collaborative learning skills among college students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to identify the expertise of college students in classical music and evaluate individual prerequisites for listening to classical music and their impact on creative thinking in connection with psychological defence among students. The study involved 200 students from a college in China. The Chinese college students' expertise in music was analysed based on the questionnaire method and the research design. The study revealed the following: prolonged listening to loud music, even classical, develops creative thinking and at the same time can lead to loss of self-control and partial loss of the listener's sense of reality; music volume correlates with the desire to hear the rhythm and the frequency of music listening; there is a correlation between musical rhythm and the psychological defence mechanisms of substitution, regression, compensation, as well as tension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Previous research on the risk of dementia associated with education attainment, smoking status, and alcohol use disorder (AUD) has yielded inconsistent results, indicating potential heterogeneous treatment effects (HTEs) of these factors on dementia risk. Thus, this study aimed to identify the important variables that may contribute to HTEs of these factors in older adults. Methods Using 2005–2021 data from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center (NACC), we included older adults (≥ 65 years) with normal cognition at the first visit. The exposure of interest included college education or above, current smoking, and AUD and the outcome was all-cause dementia. We applied doubly robust learning to estimate risk differences (RD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) between exposed and unexposed groups in the overall cohort and subgroups identified through a decision tree model. Results Of 10,062 participants included, 929 developed all-cause dementia over a median 4.4-year follow-up. College education or above was associated with a lower risk of all-cause dementia in the overall population (RD, -1.5%; 95%CI, -2.8 to -0.3), especially among the subpopulations without hypertension, regardless of the APOE4 status. Current smoking was not related to increased dementia risk overall (2.8%; -1.5 to 7.2) but was significantly associated with increased dementia risk among men with (21.1%, 3.1 to 39.1) and without (8.4%, 0.9 to 15.8) cerebrovascular disease. AUD was not related to increased dementia risk overall (2.0%; -7.7 to 11.7) but was significantly associated with increased dementia risk among men with neuropsychiatric disorders (31.5%; 7.4 to 55.7). Conclusions Our studies identified important factors contributing to HTEs of education, smoking, and AUD on risk of all-cause dementia, suggesting an individualized approach is needed to address dementia disparities.

Background: Previous research on the risk of dementia associated with education attainment, smoking status, and alcohol use disorder (AUD) has yielded inconsistent results, indicating potential heterogeneous treatment effects (HTEs) of these factors on dementia risk. Thus, this study aimed to identify the important variables that may contribute to HTEs of these factors in older adults. Methods: Using 2005–2021 data from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC), we included older adults (≥ 65 years) with normal cognition at the first visit. The exposure of interest included college education or above, current smoking, and AUD and the outcome was all-cause dementia. We applied doubly robust learning to estimate risk differences (RD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) between exposed and unexposed groups in the overall cohort and subgroups identified through a decision tree model. Results: Of 10,062 participants included, 929 developed all-cause dementia over a median 4.4-year follow-up. College education or above was associated with a lower risk of all-cause dementia in the overall population (RD, -1.5%; 95%CI, -2.8 to -0.3), especially among the subpopulations without hypertension, regardless of the APOE4 status. Current smoking was not related to increased dementia risk overall (2.8%; -1.5 to 7.2) but was significantly associated with increased dementia risk among men with (21.1%, 3.1 to 39.1) and without (8.4%, 0.9 to 15.8) cerebrovascular disease. AUD was not related to increased dementia risk overall (2.0%; -7.7 to 11.7) but was significantly associated with increased dementia risk among men with neuropsychiatric disorders (31.5%; 7.4 to 55.7). Conclusions: Our studies identified important factors contributing to HTEs of education, smoking, and AUD on risk of all-cause dementia, suggesting an individualized approach is needed to address dementia disparities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A growing body of literature explores the effect of higher education on the urban–rural divide in China. Despite an increasing number of rural students gaining access to college, little is known about their performance in college or their job prospects after graduation. Using nationally representative data from over 40,000 urban and rural college students, we examine rural students' college performance and estimate the impact of rural status on students' first job wages in comparison to their urban peers. Our results indicate that once accepted into college, rural students perform equally as well, if not better, than their urban counterparts. Additionally, we discovered that rural students earn a 6.2 per cent wage premium compared to their urban counterparts in their first job after graduation. Our findings suggest the importance of expanding access to higher education for rural students, as it appears to serve as an equalizer between urban and rural students despite their significantly different backgrounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to women's changing roles in labor markets, couples have adopted varied strategies to reconcile career and family needs. Yet, most studies on the gendered division of labor focus almost exclusively on changes either in work or family domain. Doing so neglects the process through which couples negotiate and contest traditional work and family responsibilities. Studies that do examine these tradeoffs have highlighted how work–family strategies range far beyond simple traditional-egalitarian dichotomies but are limited to specific points in time or population subgroups. Using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and latent-class analysis, this article provides the first population-based estimates of the couple-level tradeoffs inherent in work–family strategies in the United States, documents trends in the share of couples who fall into each of these strategies, and considers social stratification by gender and college education in these trends. Specifically, I identify seven distinct work–family strategies (traditional, neotraditional, her-second-shift, egalitarian, his-second-shift, female-breadwinner, and neither-full-time couples). Egalitarian couples experienced the fastest increase in prevalence among college-educated couples, whereas couples that lacked two full-time earners increased among less-educated couples. Still, about a quarter of all couples adopted "her-second-shift" strategies, with no variation across time, making it the modal work–family strategy among dual-earner couples. The long-run, couple-level results support the view that the gender revolution has stalled and suggest that this stall may be caused partly by strong traditional gender preferences, whereas structural resources appear to facilitate gender equality among a selected few. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study delves into the problem-solving approaches of students who attend classes with traditional teaching methods in university physics education with innovative curriculum materials. This research, conducted with university physics and engineering students, focused on applying research-based curriculum materials in solving kinematic problems. The study analyzes the impact of student knowledge and the distinction between rote learning and scientific practices on conceptual understanding. Student responses are categorized based on the depth of knowledge demonstrated, the skill type utilized, and the degree to which responses indicate a logical progression. These, together with demographic data, are analyzed to determine any patterns. Findings reveal that students use intuitive and mathematical skills to solve a graphical question. However, students employ qualitative and mathematical skill types when they are required to design an experiment. Notably, gender disparity appears to influence the approach to graphical questions, but the design-based question shows no significant relationship between males and females. Gender was likely to contribute to knowledge and logical progression levels, but grades might not show a positive relationship with knowledge level. This study aims to contribute to developing physics education at the university level by highlighting the gap between innovative course materials and their enactment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On 23 June 2016, the people of the UK voted to leave the European Union. This article examines how Brexit impacted international student applications. Using administrative data along with a difference-in-differences approach, we find that Brexit curtailed the growth rate of international student applications by 7 per cent even before tuition fees had changed, ultimately lowering enrolment as well. The impact is larger for applications to pursue STEM studies, as well as for those from countries with worse employment prospects and weaker economies, hinting on students' ability to stay long-term in the UK as an important pull factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the relationship between information technology (IT) and human labor through the lens of education level, task routineness, and artificial intelligence (AI). It makes use of a comprehensive data set covering 60 U.S. industries from 1998 to 2013. The results show that a college degree may not be sufficient, especially in routine-intensive industries, where a graduate degree may be increasingly necessary to meet the demands of computerized work environments. They also suggest that continuous education and IT skill development are essential for workers to thrive in a technology-driven economy. Governments should continue to support higher education to meet the demands driven by IT implementation, particularly as advanced technologies like AI emerge. Long-term training programs should be established to equip less-educated workers with the necessary skills to navigate technological changes. Additionally, policy makers should be cautious about the potential impact of advanced IT, such as AI, on employment rates and consider the consequences of increasing minimum wage levels, as it may incentivize firms to invest more in automation. Overall, this study emphasizes the need for a comprehensive understanding of the IT-labor relationship, guiding decision making for individuals, firms, educators, and policy makers in adapting to the challenges and opportunities presented by advancing technology. Although information technology (IT) is increasingly replacing human labor, the IT-labor relationship is more nuanced than it appears. We examine the IT-labor relationship in terms of various levels of education, intensities of routine tasks, and exposure to artificial intelligence (AI). Making use of an industry-level data set covering 60 U.S. industries from 1998 to 2013, we adopt an innovative measure of elasticity of substitution that enables us to capture the asymmetric price impact between IT and labor. Our findings indicate that IT generally complements high-education labor (master's degree or above), while substituting for low-education labor (high school degree or below). For middle-education labor (bachelor's or associate's degree), however, the IT-labor relationship is more nuanced: They are complements in non-routine-intensive industries, but substitutes in routine-intensive industries. We also find that IT is a complement (substitute) with high-education labor in industries with lower (higher) AI exposure and remains a net substitute for low- and middle-education labor, regardless of their AI exposure. Our findings suggest that even college-educated labor has now become susceptible to IT displacement, whereas labor with graduate education largely remains a strong complement to IT (with an exception in high-AI-exposure industries). Theoretical and policy implications are discussed. History: Eric Zheng, Senior Editor. Funding: Tyson Browning is grateful for support from a Neeley School of Business Research Excellence Award. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2021.0391. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots into higher education marks a shift towards a new generation of pedagogical tools, mirroring the arrival of milestones like the internet. With the launch of ChatGPT-4 Turbo in November 2023, we developed a ChatGPT-based teaching application (https://chat.openai.com/g/g-1imx1py4K-chatge-medical-imaging) and integrated it into our undergraduate medical imaging course in the Spring 2024 semester. This study investigates the use of ChatGPT throughout a semester-long trial, providing insights into students' engagement, perception, and the overall educational effectiveness of the technology. We systematically collected and analyzed data concerning students’ interaction with ChatGPT, focusing on their attitudes, concerns, and usage patterns. The findings indicate that ChatGPT offers significant advantages such as improved information access and increased interactivity, but its adoption is accompanied by concerns about the accuracy of the information provided and the necessity for well-defined guidelines to optimize its use.

We study the link between college education and economic beliefs. More specifically, we study whether college education is associated with promarket beliefs. We use a new data set derived from a survey conducted in Guatemala in 2022. Our main results suggest that individuals with college education voice less support for private property, markets, and privatization but more support for individual liberty relative to those without college education. We propose some explanations for these results based on recent literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the application of behavior detection technology in college education, the study proposes a new model built on deep CNN, which is used for student behavior detection and analysis in college labor education courses. The study first analyzed the target detection algorithm, and optimized the selected You Only Look Once version 5 (YOLOv5) algorithm and its network structure with a series of improvements, and based on this, embedded the attention module into the algorithm structure to finally obtain a new model, namely YOLOv5-O. After a series of experiments, YOLOv5-O reached an average accuracy of 90.1% on the test set, while the application test in the actual teaching environment showed that its average accuracy was 86.7%. This result is obviously superior to the existing technology, which proves the validity of the study and provides strong data support for the automatic detection of student behavior. In addition, in the teaching experiment, YOLOv5-O assisted teaching achieved the most significant teaching effect, and students' achievement improved the most. The feasibility of this method is verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Network marketing's growth is plagued by ethical concerns, emphasizing the importance of implementing training programs that prioritize integrity. This study aims to analyze how different forms of network marketing training play a role in shaping the marketing ethics of trainees with different identities. It examines how network marketing training shapes ethical proneness of the trainees. Differences in trainee identity (college students vs. incumbent marketers) and training form (college course vs. online training) are also explored. Structural equation model (SEM) is established amongst adaptability, class cooperation, motivation, self-efficacy, and ethical proneness. Through textual analysis, questionnaires, and sim-structural interview, this research conducts three studies to empirically analyze the relationship between factors of marketing training and ethical proneness. It explores the influencing mechanisms of network marketing training on marketing ethics. The relationship between network marketing training and ethical propensity is partially confirmed. The shaping mechanism of marketing ethics is different under different trainee identities and training forms. Positive learning motivation and self-efficacy do not constantly improve trainees' marketing ethics. Informal online training plays a more significant role in shaping market ethics than college courses in network marketing. Lastly, college students are less likely to have their marketing ethics shaped by training than in-job marketers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the winter and spring of 2021, I—a White, female, graduate student—taught a six‐month course surrounding the theme: Disrupting Systemic Racism at our University Through Action Research. I was challenged to lead a meaningful course in a two‐dimensional virtual space, amidst rising death tolls of the COVID‐19 pandemic and the rhythmic beat of calls for racial justice pulsing through our Zoom class periods. This experience opened my eyes as an educator, budding community psychologist, and an antiracist White accomplice. In this critical autoethnographic case study, I recount my experience adapting the community organizing principle of fractals into a pedagogical framework that guided my instructional practices in a community psychology course. In doing so, I echo the call for community psychologists to connect our work more tightly to Black, Indigenous, and people of Color social justice organizers and movements to fortify the field's relevance in the struggle for racial justice. Highlights: The field of community psychology must move forward in its fight for racial justice.Centering activists' wisdom is needed to move the field forward.Undergraduate education should be seen as a frontline for establishing a new culture for the field.Fractals are useful for advancing change work in partnership with undergraduates.A critical autoethnographic case study extending fractals to college pedagogy answers this call. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study examines the heterogeneous impacts of college education on happiness by gender. Methods: To yield unbiased impact estimates, we take advantage of a natural experiment known as the graduation quota program, which suddenly and massively expanded the opportunities to attend college in the early 1980s in South Korea. Using whether the birth cohorts were exposed to the graduation quota program as an instrumental variable (IV), this study estimates the longer‐term effects of college education on happiness by gender. Results: The estimated local average treatment effect by the IV analysis indicates that men who were induced to attend college by the graduation quota program became happier. However, there was no noticeable impact on women's happiness. Conclusions: Considering that the subjective happiness in our study was measured in their late 30s and 40s, the impact of college on happiness seems to be long‐lasting for men but not for women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the long‐run health benefits of education for longevity. Using mortality data from the Social Security Administration (1988–2005) linked to geographic locations in the 1940‐census data, we exploit changes in college availability across cohorts in local areas. Our treatment on the treated calculations suggest increases in longevity between 1.3 and 2.7 years. Some further analyses suggest the results are not driven by pre‐tends, endogenous migration, and other time‐varying local confounders. This paper adds to the literature on the health and social benefits of education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schizophrenia occurs worldwide, and the health, and economic burden is substantial. As one of the common proxies of socioeconomic status (SES), education was reported to be associated with the risk of developing schizophrenia. However, there is no causal evidence about the relationship. This paper explores the health benefits of college education for schizophrenia. Based on exogenous variation in college enrollment across regions and cohorts induced by college enrollment expansion policy, we use instrument variable (IV) estimate strategy to estimate impacts of college education on the risk of schizophrenia with the data from Second National Sample Survey on Disability. We find that college education reduces the risk of developing schizophrenia by 4.2 percentage points. Some further analyses suggest the causal protective effect is only found among men, rural, and low-income individuals. These findings provide new evidence for the causal relationship between college education and schizophrenia, and add to the literature on the health benefits of education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teacher-centered instruction is prevalent in preparation courses for large-scale standardized language tests. Student-centered instruction, while known to be effective in enhancing communicative competence, has been considered ineffective and time-consuming to implement in preparation courses for large-scale standardized language tests. To investigate this assumption, a quasi-experimental study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of two teaching approaches— teacher-centered and Jigsaw—on students' Test of English for International Communication (TOEIC) Reading Comprehension Part Seven scores. The results showed that both groups experienced significant improvements from the pre-test to the post-test in their overall performance; however, there was no statistically significant difference between them. Furthermore, students in the Jigsaw group showed statistically significant improvements in all three passage types (single, double, and triple), while students in the teacher-centered group showed insignificant improvement in one of the three passage types (single passages). These findings suggest that both teaching approaches can effectively improve students' TOEIC Reading Comprehension scores. The study adds to the body of research on teaching approaches in EFL TOEIC Reading Comprehension university classrooms. The findings suggest that teacher-centered and student-centered approaches can effectively improve students' TOEIC Reading Comprehension scores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social attitudes toward marriage and motherhood have shifted away from the traditional norms of universal marriage and childbearing. While the second demographic transition theory stresses the importance of education in bringing ideational changes behind low fertility and low marriage rates, a causal link between college education and attitudinal change has not been studied much. To fill this literature gap, this study demonstrates the enduring impact of college education on women's family attitudes using South Korea's policy shock, which offered people the opportunity to attend college in the 1980s. This study finds that college education in the 1980s encouraged women to have non-traditional attitudes toward marriage and motherhood. Women who attended college via the graduation quota program reported that marriage and giving birth at a young age were not necessary more than women without the opportunity. We constructed a composite index of family formulation which showed the same result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study delves into the problem-solving approaches of students who attend classes with traditional teaching methods in university physics education with innovative curriculum materials. This research, conducted with university physics and engineering students, focused on applying research-based curriculum materials in solving kinematic problems. The study analyzes the impact of student knowledge and the distinction between rote learning and scientific practices on conceptual understanding. Student responses are categorized based on the depth of knowledge demonstrated, the skill type utilized, and the degree to which responses indicate a logical progression. These, together with demographic data, are analyzed to determine any patterns. Findings reveal that students use intuitive and mathematical skills to solve a graphical question. However, students employ qualitative and mathematical skill types when they are required to design an experiment. Notably, gender disparity appears to influence the approach to graphical questions, but the design-based question shows no significant relationship between males and females. Gender was likely to contribute to knowledge and logical progression levels, but grades might not show a positive relationship with knowledge level. This study aims to contribute to developing physics education at the university level by highlighting the gap between innovative course materials and their enactment.

This study emphasizes the critical role of psychological adaptation in the growth and development of college students, a cornerstone of successful higher education. We identify critical challenges by exploring first-year students’ psychological adjustments to their new academic environments and propose targeted strategies to enhance their integration into university life. Utilizing a questionnaire-based analysis to pinpoint areas of psychological misadjustment, our research offers practical solutions to facilitate smoother transitions for students, thereby improving the overall effectiveness of college education.

In recent years, higher education management has been improving, but the coordinated development of the overall educational management and student management system of colleges and universities still needs to be further improved and enhanced. This paper uses data envelopment analysis and data fusion technology to establish DEA fusion algorithm and DEA-Malmquist index method to evaluate and analyze students’ learning efficiency in colleges and universities. The results indicated that the average degree of perfection of online teaching management in higher education is low, 86.2%. Students’ overall satisfaction with this is also expected at 56.2%. There is a need to strengthen management and improve classroom interactivity and innovation, to enhance the quality and attractiveness of courses, and to avoid excessive fragmentation. In addition to the existing problems, the results achieved include more accessible access to learning resources, with a percentage of 88.6%. The algorithm of this paper is used to study the efficiency of higher education and student learning, and to provide a more comprehensive and objective approach to the development of the quality of higher education and student management for the later development of higher education.

With the advent of the scientific and technological era, the times and the modernization of China, the requirements and goals of the Political perspective applied to undergraduate universities in the Age of Science and Technology are constantly updated, and it is of practical significance to learn from a political perspective college students in the new era of rapid development today. This paper constructs the 4C/ID learning model by finding literature and methods involved and applied in the learning process to realize political learning of college students based on Internet technology and provide some theoretical reference basis for teachers and students of relevant colleges and universities. Taking the study of new ways of political learning of college students as the theoretical basis, through the support of Internet technology, the traditional research ideas discussing the political learning of college students are analyzed, discussions are held around the new ways political level learning, and finally, the 4C/ID learning model of Political learning of college students based on Internet science is constructed. How to improve the political level learning model and open up new related learning pathways is a necessary issue that educators cannot ignore today. The study shows that the 4C/ID learning model of introducing the Internet into the study of college students at the political level technology can develop political level learning to the greatest extent. Based on Internet technology, the curriculum content system political level learning can be deeply explored to promote Xi Jinping’s idea in the new social and technological era of the healthy and vigorous development of socialist culture construction.

Climate change decision-making happens at the intersection of knowledge, values, and experience, usually requiring action with incomplete information. Yet, climate change education prioritizes improving knowledge gaps, not communication and contextual understanding. Role-playing games highlight the interaction of evidence and values in decision-making; they have also been shown to help participants cope with uncertainty. Here, we used a role-playing activity in 8 undergraduate science class sections to explore how role-playing affected climate change decision-making. We found that students selected significantly different climate proposals based on differing affinities with their characters. Students' articulation of 'uncertainty' and 'concreteness' in justifying their final choices were significantly related to their chosen proposals. Students' understanding of circumstance and perspective in driving different priorities/decisions increased significantly. This activity is scalable and broadly applicable; by empowering participants to discuss data and values and make decisions with incomplete information, we might encourage confident participation in the global climate conversation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building Information Modeling (BIM) has been one of the most significant and widely adopted advanced technologies in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry in recent years. Unfortunately. the current BIM curriculum in colleges does not adequately prepare students for real-world AEC industry practices. Besides, numerous concerns regarding the competency requirements of the AEC industry for BIM practitioners and the targeted design of teaching content of BIM curricula, etc. remain unanswered. To enhance the preparation of Bl M students for real-world AEC work. this study collected 280 questionnaires from 27 administrative regions in China and conducted data analysis to assess the disparity between the competency requirements in the AEC industry and the existing BIM curriculum in colleges. Additionally. this study presents innovative theories, namely directed closed-loop and undirected closed-loop theories, derived from the closed-loop management system. These theories are effectively integrated into college BIM education as project closed-loop and content closed-loop theories. it validates the effectiveness of the curriculum design through BIN(1 students' academic performance. Results demonstrate that the closed-loop management design of the BIM curriculum can better match the AEC industry's competency requirements and that BIM students will better adapt to realworld AEC work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a result of the COVID‐19 pandemic, many college students have been isolated at home and unable to walk into class as usual. This series of protective measures to avoid the spread of the disease may have an additional psychological impact on the lives of college students. The purpose of this study was to propose a strategy for using an intelligent online learning system based on content recommendations and electronic questionnaires in the educational domain. We invited 3000 isolated university students (47.6% male and 52.4% female) to an online trial. It proved to be effective in helping us intervene in students' psychological problems quickly, objectively, efficiently, and in real‐time. In addition, our analysis of the data collected from the intelligent online learning system showed that the degree to which college students' psychological problems were affected by isolation was closely related to students' grade level, family background, major category, and computer proficiency. The current study suggests that the mental health of college students should be well monitored during segregation. Targeted psychological counseling is more necessary for students in upper grades, low‐income families, liberal arts majors, and those with weak computer proficiency to reduce the emotional impact of segregation on students. Practitioner points: During the quarantine period, we obtain more objective and valid data through intelligent online systems.Through behavioral analysis, we understand the psychological tendencies and potential problems of college students.In the isolated environment, teachers can remotely understand the psychological problems of college students, and timely intervention and counseling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the achievement and motivation of the students of the subject Mechanical Design of Equipment in the Chemical Engineering Degree, a teaching innovation project is carried out based on gamification and immediate feedback, specifically through the use of the Wooclap software. After the project design and implementation, it was evaluated using two main instruments: the institutional questionnaires of the own university and a specific questionnaire designed by the teaching team. The results suggested that the use of Wooclap in the classroom had a positive impact on students, allowing, on the one hand, to increase students' motivation and, on the other hand, to improve their academic achievement. Likewise, the constructive comments from the students promoted the teaching team the opportunity to develop and deepen future changes and updates. [Display omitted] • Wooclap is used as a training tool in a Chemical Engineering course. • The tool manages to capture the attention and improve the interest of the students towards the contents of the subject. • Reinforcement of teacher-student feedback for a better teaching-learning process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At this stage, there is a big gap between the cognition and practice of smart devices in universities and the theoretical development of universities. Theoretical and practical scientific research on university wisdom factors from the perspective of wisdom culture education can sort out the essential attributes of university wisdom in terms of actual practice and appearance and give references for the development of university theory and within the field of wisdom practice. In the age of the information explosion, modern education is developing toward an intelligent system approach. In this cultural education environment, universities in China are paying close attention to the construction of smart schools. Among them, the national Ministry of Education policy document emphasizes the construction of "intelligent education demonstration parks" and promotes the construction and implementation of smart campuses in all aspects. Given this, the paper takes university culture education as an example and explains how to build smart classroom teaching to promote the development of modernization and intelligence in China's education and improve its quality of teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reading occupies a prominent place in teaching English as a foreign language (EFL) as students learn best by engaging with written materials. Positive reading attitudes are believed to affect students' present and future academic success. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of English reading attitudes on students' achievement. A total of 267 first-year Saudi health science university students were selected to participate in this study during the academic year 2021/2022. The study followed a simple random sampling technique where every students has an equal chance to participate. Two data sources were used: a reading attitude questionnaire administered to students and their cumulative GPA. The questionnaire was adopted from Yamashita (2007) and consisted of 22 items covering five categories: comfort, anxiety, intellectual value, practical value and linguistic value. The study revealed that students were clearly less comfortable and more anxious about reading in English. This had a negative impact on their achievements, especially on the three English courses they had to take that year. The study concluded with some pedagogical implications and recommendations for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's higher education system has undergone a rapid expansion over the last two decades. By drawing on hand‐collected data, we explore students' experiences in college and in the labor market post‐graduation in the wake of this expansion. According to our data, the largest employer of college graduates in the labor market was the state sector, followed by the domestic private sector. To explain the returns to college education in China, we explore three mechanisms: human capital, social networks, and signaling. We find that human capital measures, apart from a student's college English test scores, cannot explain the college wage premium, whereas both social networks (for example, membership of the Communist Party) and signaling matter significantly. This seems to indicate that in China, connections are crucial for student success in the labor market, whereas the higher education system itself is more a system for selecting talented individuals than it is for educating them. Finally, students allocate their time accordingly, for example, by spending more time studying English in college than any other subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research was to verify the preliminary evidence of validity and reliability of the Professional Fulfillment scale of Federal University Professors (PFS-FUP), elaborated from the Professional Fulfillment model, understood as a process derived from a subjective assessment of career development. After being evaluated by a committee of experts and conducting a pilot test, the final version of the scale was applied to 220 Brazilian professors from the federal higher education system. Then, evidence of validity was verified based on (a) the internal structure of the instrument and (b) convergent validity, (c) reliability analysis and (d) analysis of correlations with sociodemographic variables. The instrument’s precision indicators were satisfactory and the results according to the sociodemographic characteristics of participants reinforced the relationship among the construct and career-related factors. Therefore, the PFS-FUP can be used in research and interventions with professors at federal institutions of college education in Brazil.

Research indicates that welfare receipt is an important predictor of household savings towards offspring's postsecondary education. Meanwhile, a growing body of literature suggests that Children's Savings Accounts (CSAs) are effective in promoting the saving rate of American households. In this study, we first examine whether there is a negative association between welfare receipt and saving for college and then test if participation in the Harold Alfond College Challenge (HACC) mitigates the negative association. As hypothesized, the predicted conditional probability of saving for college among welfare beneficiaries is 0.02 lower than non-welfare beneficiaries, regardless of their HACC account ownership. Welfare recipients who enroll in the HACC program are about 27% more likely to save for college than those who are not enrolled in the program. Research and policy implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose is to improve the monitoring and evaluation of the teaching quality of higher education based on the 6G IoT (Internet of Things) communication, and study the application of data mining technology in the management of teaching systems. First, a series of methods and the theoretical basis of IoT communication and data mining technology are displayed, and the data of higher education and teaching quality are collected, sorted, processed, and analyzed. Second, combined with the relevant data and survey results, the problems existing in the current teaching quality evaluation system in colleges and universities are explored, and the corresponding solutions are put forward. Finally, an experiment is carried out, and Shaanxi University of science and technology is taken as the research object to study the teaching quality evaluation system based on data mining. The results show that the embedded system in 6G IoT can transmit the data collected by the sensor layer to the network layer, realize the docking interaction between the sensor and the Internet, and accurately record students' learning behaviors. The application of data mining to the data analysis can evaluate students' learning status and teaching quality clearly and manage classroom resources. Therefore, IoT is combined with data mining technology to monitor and evaluate the teaching quality in colleges and universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a socially sensitive group, college students have a higher risk of mental health problems. However, because of the COVID-19 pandemic, many nonlocal college students were isolated locally and were not able to attend classes as usual. This series of protective measures to avoid the spread of the disease may bring an additional mental impact on college students' lives. As an important aspect of the sustainable development goals of quality education, education plays a central role in shaping personal and social change towards sustainability. The COVID-19 environment poses a great challenge to the education of university students. The purpose of this study is to propose a strategy to use an intelligent online learning system based on content recommendation and electronic questionnaires in the field of education. We invited 3000 isolated college students (47.6% male and 52.4% female) to participate in an internet trial. It proved to be effective in helping us intervene quickly, objectively, effectively, and in real-time in students' psychological problems. In addition, according to the data analysis collected by the intelligent online learning system, we found that the degree of isolation regarding college students' psychological problems was closely related to their grade, family background, professional category, and computer proficiency. This study shows that, during the period of isolation, the mental health of college students should be well monitored. Targeted psychosocial guidance is more needed for students with higher grades, those with low-income families, liberal arts majors, and those with weak computer skills in order to reduce the emotional impact of isolation on students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is about the understanding of how the Higher Education Assessment System influences formative assessment in teacher training. For this purpose, a bibliographic study and document analysis of reports on the Degree in Pedagogy with concept 5 in the National Student Performance Examination (2017) was carried out. Four pedagogy courses were selected, based on the following criteria: score 5, state of São Paulo, number of students, administrative category, teaching modalities, and academic organization. It was verified, by the students' perception, that the test is important in the evaluation of the performance of the course and can help in the improvement of the quality of the institutions. From a formative evaluation perspective, it was possible to understand that the Evaluation System acts as an incentive for formative evaluation, since it establishes evaluation criteria that must be followed and that are based on the quality of the training offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – This study examines the impact of college education on incorporated and unincorporated self-employments. It specifically compares the effects on African Americans and Hispanics with the effects on Whites. Design/methodology/approach – The study sample was drawn from the US Current Population Survey between 1989 and 2018. Based on a sample size of 1,657,043 individuals, this study employed logit regression models to test the hypotheses. Racial variations were examined using African Americans and Hispanics as moderators. Findings – The results suggest that college education increases incorporated self-employment and reduces unincorporated self-employment. The impact of college education on incorporated self-employment is stronger for African Americans and Hispanics than for Whites. In contrast, its effect on unincorporated self-employment is stronger for Whites than for African Americans and Hispanics. Research limitations/implications – The findings provide empirical evidence of how college experience changes the motivation of starting an incorporated or unincorporated business. The results suggest that college education impacts African Americans and Hispanics differently than Whites in pursuing their career path of entrepreneurship. Originality/value – It is the first study that examines the relationship between college education and incorporated/unincorporated self-employment. It also sheds light on radical variations.

In its evolution from vocational education to career and technical education (CTE), the field has been revisited at some critical crossroads. In recent years, the growing political and social turmoil is poised to change public education and may present another important crossroad for CTE. Although the passing of Perkins V received wide bipartisan political support for CTE, the legislative mandate to ensure the success of all students including historically underserved youth should be tested in the context of greater state and local control for implementation. Thus, the purpose of this article is to highlight the potential impact of social and political trends on the role and direction of CTE as a viable option for all students to become college and career ready in the new economy. The underlying analysis and perspectives are based on the role of legislation mandates, relevant literature, social and political trends and issues, and implications for CTE amid the growing sociopolitical polarization in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable agriculture (SA) has emerged as an alternative to feeding an increasing global population. Several frameworks have been used in SA research. This study proposes understanding SA under five components: environment, economy, society, resilience, and persistence. The decision-making process for adopting SA is determined by several factors, such as knowledge and attitudes. Both constructs play a decisive role in SA's development, a field where university students are called to be leaders and decision-makers. Despite the increase in the body of SA literature, little is known about SA in Latin America. This research aimed to analyze university students' attitudes and knowledge of SA and the relationship between both constructs. A completely structured questionnaire was designed and distributed online. A Likert-type scale was used for attitude and multiple-choice questions for knowledge. It was found that, among participants (n = 374), the majority had a high level of attitude (71.9%) and a moderate level of knowledge (62.1%) of SA. Participants' attitudes towards SA were positive, regardless of gender (p = 0.17) and perceived knowledge does not predict measured knowledge (R2 = 0.074; p < 0.001). Moreover, a low positive relationship was found between attitude and knowledge (rs = 0.252; p = 0.000). Further research should focus on analyzing other factors that could affect attitude and knowledge of SA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The anatomy study is part of the basic cycle of disciplines that composes Veterinary Medicine college curriculum, and its comprehension is essential for other courses subject understanding. However, the current student's profile, the reduced time frame of superior education programs, and the multidisciplinary approach nowadays have made anatomy teaching method outdated and ineffective. Addressing the problem we developed an interactive and multidisciplinary platform based on the blended learning methodology, which could serve as a valuable tool for bovine neuroanatomy comprehension. To produce a new study tool, photos from bovine specimens fixed in formaldehyde, platinated brain pieces sectioned in a metameric order, as well as histological slides of the bovine central nervous system were used. These materials were applied to photos and schemes production, that were correlated with image exams correlation, as well as written content and videotaped classes. The obtained content was compiled into a digital platform, that can serve as an effective additional method to bovine central nervous system study. Furthermore, our results serve as a guide for the development of other blended learning methodologies in veterinary medicine and anatomy teaching. The platform provides a great tool for those who wish to accomplish a better understanding of bovine neuroanatomy and its clinical, surgical and image diagnosis correlations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study estimates the impact of women's college education on their fertility-related outcomes by taking advantage of a natural experiment known as the graduation quota program that massively expanded women's opportunities to attend college in South Korea. After the 1979 military coup, the military regime in South Korea ordered all public and private colleges to expand their college admission levels by 30 per cent in 1981 and 50 per cent in 1982. This study implemented instrumental variable (IV) analysis using the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families (KLoWF). Specifically, our IV analysis uses the birth cohorts that were differently exposed to this sudden and exogenous policy change as an instrumental variable to identify the longer-term effects of college education on women's fertility-related outcomes. It is found that college education caused those women who were induced to attend college by the graduation quota program to have fewer children. Furthermore, this study finds that this impact can be partially explained by women being less likely to get married. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to explore the stereotypes that students have about agribusiness students. We seek to determine the nature of these stereotypes and how they compare relative to marketing and accounting students. Our intent is to reveal the degree of fit of the agribusiness major within a college of business, as personality congruence may influence the pursuit of a major within a business school framework. Our results show that stereotypes about agribusiness majors fall in between those of marketing and accounting students, which suggests that stereotypes would not appear to negatively affect enrollment within a business school setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Previous studies have documented a positive association between college education and happiness. However, the endogeneity of college education attainment is rarely examined, and a more robust link between college education and happiness needs to be built. Based on the Chinese General Social Survey data of 2017, the present study used the quasi-experiment of China’s higher education expansion started in 1999 to construct a fuzzy regression discontinuity design to examine the causal association between college education and happiness. It is observed that college education indeed improved Chinese happiness, but this positive association was stronger in males than in females. Further, college education was observed to improve happiness by improving individual political status, perceived personal status, health and family social status, but not by increasing personal income. Accordingly, the government should continue to promote the development of higher education, and the fairness of higher education development deserves more attention to reduce population disparities in happiness.

The article presents the development and execution of a simple practical experience, which aims to help students of a civil engineering course, in a better understanding of the theoretical concepts involved in the topic of head loss in pressurized hydraulic conduits. Initially, a literature review is carried out, regarding the importance of practical classes in student training, laboratory practices, and experiments. Afterwards, the methodology used is presented, through measurement tests and the respective impacts on the flow rate, obtained by varying, one at a time, the length of the pipe, its diameters, and height between the water level in the reservoir and the water outlet point. The flow values varied as initially assumed. Finally, through the Fair-Whipple-Hsiao formula for small diameter plastic tubes, calculated flow values were obtained for each of the situations, and contrasted with the respective measured values. The results were considered satisfactory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interteaching is a behavioral teaching method that departs from the traditional lecture format (Boyce & Hineline in BA 25:215–226, 2002). We updated and expanded previous interteaching reviews and conducted a meta-analysis on its effectiveness. Systematic searches identified 38 relevant studies spanning the years 2005–2018. The majority of these studies were conducted in undergraduate face-to-face courses. The most common independent variables were manipulations of the configuration of interteaching or comparisons to traditional-lecture format. The most common dependent variables were quiz or examination scores. Only 24% of all studies implemented at least five of the seven components of interteaching. Prep guides, discussions, record sheets, and frequent assessments were the most commonly implemented. Meta-analyses indicated that interteaching is more effective than traditional lecture or other control conditions, with an overall large effect size. Furthermore, variations in the configuration of the interteaching components do not seem to substantially limit its effectiveness, as long as the discussion component is included. Future research informed by the present review includes: (a) investigating the efficacy of interteaching in additional academic areas, online environments, workplace training, and continuing education, (b) testing alternative outcome measures, generalization, and procedural integrity, (c) conducting systematic component analyses, and (d) measuring social validity from the instructor's perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to analyze higher education in the health area in Brazil according to the results of the students' performance in the 2019 National Student Performance Examination. Method: a cross-sectional and retrospective study with a quantitative approach and online data referring to 192,715 students from 3,712 health courses, collected in 2020. The students' performance was expressed in concepts, ordered on a scale of one to five. Box-plots were prepared, prevalence values of the concepts were estimated, and the differences were evaluated through statistical tests (α=5%) according to the administrative and management characteristics, as well as those of the cities where the courses were offered. Results: there was a satisfactory level of higher education in health (70.0% with a score ≥3). The Medicine courses were the most satisfactorily evaluated while Speech Therapy and Nursing obtained the worst scores. Public, face-to-face and university education were associated with better teaching quality. Lower levels were found in the North region states, in small towns, outside metropolitan areas and in those under private management. Conclusion: heterogeneity in the quality of higher education across the health courses was verified, indicating its association with the characteristics of the teaching institutions and with the infrastructure of the cities where the courses are offered, pointing out challenges to the quality of health education in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]