1,330 results on '"D'ANNA, BARBARA"'
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2. Health Outcomes around Pregnancy and Exposure to HIV/Antiretrovirals (HOPE) study protocol: a prospective observational cohort study of reproductive-aged women living with HIV
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Jessica Lee, Kathleen M Powis, Alejandra Martinez, Jennifer Green, Paige L Williams, Cristina Hernández, Lisa B Haddad, Anna-Barbara Moscicki, Lynn M Yee, Kunjal Patel, Deborah Kacanek, Suzanne Siminski, Mariam Davtyan, Tzy-Jyun Yao, Denise L Jacobson, Tamarra James-Todd, Ellen G Chadwick, Emily A Barr, Claire A Berman, Alex DiPerna, Amanda Flores, Laurie Hyzy, Jennifer Jao, Anisa Khadraoui, Kathleen M Malee, Lisa-Gaye Robinson, Liz Salomon, Kimbrae Sanders, Renee A Smith, Tracy Wolbach, Lela Lartey, Kathleen Malee, Mary Paul, Lynnette Harris, Murli Purswani, Martha Cavallo, Mahoobullah Mirza Baig, Alma Villegas-Schwalenberg, Kierra Archer, Alan Bernegger, Patricia Garvie, Katherine Knapp, Chloe Burkhead, Gheri Terry, Megan Wilkins, Margarita Silio, Dornese Jones, Medea Gabriel, Patricia Sirois, Cecelia Hutto, Paige Hickman, Dan Marullo, Elizabeth McFarland, Carrie Chambers, Robin McEvoy, Mobeen Rathore, Saniyyah Mahmoudi, Staci Routman, Gwendolyn Scott, Lorena Bracho, Anai Cuadra, Zoe M. Rodriguez, Lizmarie Torres, Nydia Scalley, Toniette Frederick, and Guadalupe Morales Avendano
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Medicine - Abstract
Introduction Over 265 000 women are living with HIV in the USA, but limited research has investigated the physical, mental and behavioural health outcomes among women living with HIV of reproductive age. Health status during the reproductive years before, during and after pregnancy affects pregnancy outcomes and long-term health. Understanding health outcomes among women living with HIV of reproductive age is of substantial public health importance, regardless of whether they experience pregnancy. The Health Outcomes around Pregnancy and Exposure to HIV/Antiretrovirals (HOPE) study is a prospective observational cohort study designed to investigate physical and mental health outcomes of young women living with HIV as they age, including HIV disease course, engagement in care, reproductive health and choices and cardiometabolic health. We describe the HOPE study design, and characteristics of the first 437 participants enrolled as of 1 January 2024.Methods and analysis The HOPE study seeks to enrol and follow 1630 women living with HIV of reproductive age, including those with perinatally-acquired HIV, at 12 clinical sites across 9 US states and Puerto Rico. HOPE studies multilevel dynamic determinants influencing physical, mental and social well-being and behaviours of women living with HIV across the reproductive life course (preconception, pregnancy, post partum, not or never-pregnant), informed by the socioecological model. Key research areas include the clinical course of HIV, relationship of HIV and antiretroviral medications to reproductive health, pregnancy outcomes and comorbidities and the influence of racism and social determinants of health. HOPE began enrolling in April 2022.Ethics and dissemination The HOPE study received approval from the Harvard Longwood Campus Institutional Review Board, the single institutional review board of record for all HOPE sites. Results will be disseminated through conference presentations, peer-reviewed journals and lay summaries.
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- 2024
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3. MAX-DOAS observations of ship emissions in the North Sea
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Mahajan, Anoop S., Tinel, Liselotte, Riffault, Véronique, Guilbaud, Sarah, D'Anna, Barbara, Cuevas, Carlos, and Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso
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- 2024
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4. Redefining Paradigms. How Technology Shapes Interior Spaces in the Age of Drones and Flying Cars
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Anna Barbara and Elena Baharlouei
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drones ,interiors ,design ,buildings ,futures ,Drawing. Design. Illustration ,NC1-1940 ,Architectural drawing and design ,NA2695-2793 - Abstract
Mobility technologies, since the discovery of the uniaxial wheel, have strongly shaped the forms and times of cities and buildings and their interiors. The paper explores how newly developed flying transports, such as drones, may in the future reshape and alter the interiors of the buildings we inhabit. Utopias about cities with flying cars are a literature full of examples and theories, such as Andrea Branzi/Archizoom’s No Stop City and Instant City and others, but also even more extensive cinematography such as Christopher Nolan’s movie Inception and Stanley Kubrick’s 2001: A Space Odyssey. In fact, the flying vehicles, by which people as well as goods will soon move, introduce a fourth dimension (time) and will allow access to buildings from the roof and facades. They will recover the distributional logic of an iconic and historical typology of Milanese architecture, that of the edificio a ballatoio, in which the distribution of spaces followed a private/public logic that would lend itself perfectly to the buildings of the drone city. The article will explore the transformations in plans, materials, facades, ways of living, and relationships that, this coming revolution, will introduce into the interior spaces of buildings and our existences.
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- 2023
5. Use of a novel pressure distribution system for severely ill neonates: a clinical pilot study carried out by the PREPICare consortium
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Anna-Barbara Schlüer, Adrian Yves Müller, Nicolas Philip Fromme, Martin Camenzind, Robert Riener, René Michel Rossi, and Barbara Brotschi Aufdenblatten
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Pediatric Intensive Care Unit ,Pressure injuries ,Innovation ,Prevention ,Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 - Abstract
Abstract Background Pressure Injuries are not exclusively an adult phenomenon; various risk factors contribute to a high prevalence rate of 43% in the neonatal and pediatric intensive care population. Effective preventive measures in this population are limited. Methods We performed a pilot study to analyze the distribution and localization of support surface interface pressures in neonates in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). The hypothesis was that pressure redistribution by a novel air mattress would reduce pressure peaks in critical neonates. The measurements were conducted in a 27-bed level III PICU between November and December 2020. This included measuring pressure distribution and pressure peaks for five neonates positioned on either a state-of-the-art foam mattress or a new prototype air mattress. Results We confirmed that the pressure peaks were significantly reduced using the prototype air mattress, compared with the state-of-the-art foam mattress. The reduction of mean pressure values was 9–29%, while the reduction of the highest 10% of pressure values was 23–41%. Conclusions The journey to an effective, optimal, and approved product for severely ill neonates to reduce Pressure Injuries is challenging. However, a crucial step was completed by this pilot study with the first pressure measurements in a real-world setting and the successful realization of a decrease in pressure peaks obtained using a prototype air mattress.
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- 2023
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6. Characterization of the Secretome from Spheroids of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (SASCs) and Its Potential for Tissue Regeneration
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Valentina Urrata, Francesca Toia, Emanuele Cammarata, Mara Franza, Luigi Montesano, Adriana Cordova, and Anna Barbara Di Stefano
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spheroids of adipose stem cells ,extracellular vesicles ,secretome ,adipose tissue ,stemness and mesenchymal differentiation ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Introduction: Spheroids are spherical aggregates of cells that mimic the three-dimensional (3D) architecture of tissues more closely than traditional two dimensional (2D) cultures. Spheroids of adipose stem cells (SASCs) show special features such as high multilineage differentiation potential and immunomodulatory activity. These properties have been attributed to their secreted factors, such as cytokines and growth factors. Moreover, a key role is played by the extracellular vesicles (EVs), which lead a heterogeneous cargo of proteins, mRNAs, and small RNAs that interfere with the pathways of the recipient cells. Purpose: The aim of this work was to characterize the composition of the secretome and exosome from SASCs and evaluate their regenerative potential. Materials and Methods: SASCs were extracted from adipose samples of healthy individuals after signing informed consent. The exosomes were isolated and characterized by Dinamic Light Scattering (DLS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Western blotting analyses. The expression of mRNAs and miRNAs were evaluated through real-time PCR. Lastly, a wound-healing assay was performed to investigate their regenerative potential on different cell cultures. Results: The SASCs’ exosomes showed an up-regulation of NANOG and SOX2 mRNAs, typical of stemness maintenance, as well as miR126 and miR146a, related to angiogenic and osteogenic processes. Moreover, the exosomes showed a regenerative effect. Conclusions: The SASCs’ secretome carried paracrine signals involved in stemness maintenance, pro-angiogenic and pro-osteogenic differentiation, immune system regulation, and regeneration.
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- 2024
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7. Assessing causality in financial time series
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Zaremba, Anna Barbara
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We develop new classes of semiparametric multivariate time series models based on Multi-Output Gaussian Processes and warped Multi-Output Gaussian Processes. These describe relationships between a current vector of observations and the lagged history of each marginal time series. We encode a serial dependence structure through mean and covariance functions and introduce a more complex dependence structure using copulas to couple each warped marginal Gaussian process. Within this class of models our primary goal is to detect causality and to study the interplay between the causal structure and the dependence structure. We do not, however, require true representation of the data generating process, but we model structural hypotheses regarding how causality may have manifested in the observed vector valued processes. With our framework we test the dependence with regards to the structures that are specified, and can use testing for causality under different model assumptions as a way to explore the data and the potentially complex dependence relationships. To perform the testing we consider several families of causality testing and develop compound tests which first require estimation/calibration of the mean and covariance functions parametrising the nonparametric vector valued time series. Our approach allows very general nonlinear dependence and causal relationships which are not often considered in classical parametric time series models, including causality in higher order information and joint extreme dependence features. We provide a generic framework which can be applied to a variety of different problem classes and discuss a number of examples to illustrate the ideas developed. We wish to detect the presence or absence of statistical causality where such extremal dependence features may or may not obfuscate the ability to detect causality in nonlinear partially observed time series models. The rationale for developing a semiparametric solution for modelling the partially observed time series is that we may accommodate, through the use of Gaussian Process models, a wide variety of features for the hypotheses about the trends and volatility and importantly their possible causal structures, which can be formally tested in our framework. Furthermore the use of Warped Gaussian Process models allows to incorporate higher order dependence such as extremal tail dependence features. Statistical Causality. The notion of causality that lies at the centre of our research is the concept of statistical causality, based on comparing two predictive models. Quoting Wiener [1956]: "For two simultaneously measured signals, if we can predict the first signal better by using the past information from the second one than by using the information without it, then we call the second signal causal to the first one". The type of casual dependence that is described by statistical causality is a mechanism that occurs at multiple lags over time - which could have been triggered by a sequence of processes, not an individual one. It can help to gain an insight into both cross-sectional and temporal dynamics of the data analysed. Warped Multi-Output Gaussian Processes. A Gaussian process is a Markov process, such that all finite dimensional distributions are Gaussian. While Gaussian processes models can accommodate wide range of properties and are very attractive for their easy implementation and optimisation, but they do not allow higher order dependence such as extremal tail dependence features. One way to generalise Gaussian process models so that higher order dependence can be handled, is to apply a transformation to the joint collection of Gaussian processes for each marginal time series model. We apply mean-variance transformation that results in the transformed variables having multivariate skew-t distributions and being finite dimensional realisations of a general multivariate skew-t process. Motivation for the Model Choice. There are numerous advantages of using Gaussian Processes, beginning with: ease of optimisation and interpretability of hyperparameters, flexibility, richness of covariance functions, allowing for various model structures. Using a likelihood ratio type test with a GP is a very natural choice, as estimating GP model parameters is often done on the basis of maximising likelihood, and therefore this estimation can be incorporated into the compound version of the likelihood ratio test (Generalised Likelihood Ratio Test, GLRT). From Gaussian variables, GPs inherited the property of being fully specified by the mean and the covariance, and so testing for model equivalence inherently means testing for equivalence of the mean and covariance functions. But many popular kernels do not have the ARD property, and using them for a likelihood ratio test settings gives no easy way to account for causal structures in covariance. Consequently, it is using GLRT with an ARD-GP that gives a uniformly most powerful test with an unparalleled flexibility: known asymptotic distribution under the null, explicit evaluation and in a closed form, and usefulness also for misspecified models. The proposed use of copula warping allows introduction of additional dependence, in particular tail dependence, while keeping the likelihood in closed form. Application. We provide a generic framework which can be applied to a wide range of problems, and which can be readily tailored or further extended. The illustrative examples included demonstrate how a range of data properties can be encoded in the model, and how they might affect the detection of causality. We present two real data application: to commodity futures data and inflation and interest rates. We show how the framework can be used in practice, and how it can be combined with, or enhance, more common approaches to analysing financial time series. Our observations are in line with financial interpretations, but they also offer additional insight and pose thought-provoking questions. Structure of the thesis. This thesis presents the research as it evolved: starting from an overview of a range of the causality methods already known, and demonstrating out why they are unsatisfactory. Subsequently, a new approach is presented -- a method based on Gaussian processes, that was developed to solve the drawbacks of the methods presented in the first part. Afterwards, an extension is proposed to widen the range of dependence structures, as well as marginal properties of the data that can be incorporated. Chapter 1 introduces the topic of the thesis, and reviews relevant literature. Chapter 2 discusses philosophical roots of the concept of statistical causality, as well as alternative notions of causality. After illustrating some of the varied ways of conceptual representation of causality, we present four distinct ways of modelling statistical causality. Chapter 3 contains background on the models considered: Gaussian processes, copulas and selected distributions. Chapter 4 describes inference procedures used: assessing hypothesis tests, generalised likelihood ratio test, permutation tests, and likelihood ratio test. The second part, New Perspectives on Causality Representation and Inference, presents the main contribution of our work. It starts with Chapter 5 containing the theoretical background for describing and testing causality with GP models. Chapter 6 extends the model from the previous chapter by introducing mean-variance transformation that results in a warped GP model, which can describe causality in the presence of skewness and tail dependence. Chapter 7 describes how synthetic data has been simulated, details the algorithm for approximating likelihood in the warped GP, and provides information on other relevant algorithms and the software used to implement our method. Chapter 8 presents an extensive experiment section, which aim to show, firstly, the good behaviour of the proposed procedures (model sensitivity and misspecification analysis), secondly, good power of the test for a range of structures, and, thirdly, the interaction of causality and tail dependence. Applications to real-world data are described in Chapter 9, where time series for commodities and currency markets are analysed. Finally, Chapter 10 presents the conclusions and directions for further development, and Appendices provide supplementary material.
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- 2022
8. Use of a novel pressure distribution system for severely ill neonates: a clinical pilot study carried out by the PREPICare consortium
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Schlüer, Anna-Barbara, Müller, Adrian Yves, Fromme, Nicolas Philip, Camenzind, Martin, Riener, Robert, Rossi, René Michel, and Aufdenblatten, Barbara Brotschi
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- 2023
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9. Assessment of compression forces in a digitally modified short leg cast for pressure injury risk monitoring in healthy children
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Matia Iva Vrankovic, Simon Annaheim, Jana Willibald, Jan Lieber, Hubertus J. A. van Hedel, Anna-Barbara Schlüer, René M. Rossi, and Andreas Meyer-Heim
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pressure injury ,modified short leg cast ,compression forces ,risk assessment ,children ,pressure sensors ,Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 - Abstract
IntroductionCasting is an essential treatment for neuro-orthopedic conditions in children with cognitive, sensory, and communicational disabilities. However, a main side-effect is the development of pressure injuries resulting in additional (wound) therapies and prolongation of the hospital stay. The primary aim of our study was to investigate the potential of objective pressure measurements in casts to assess the risk for pressure injury development.MethodsFive pediatric healthy participants were included in this study. We measured the global and the local compression force at body sites prone to pressure injury development for different body positions and the transfer in-between in a cast equipped with pressure sensors. These conditions resulted in partial or full body weight loading.Results and discussionThe global maximum compression force was affected significantly by body postures with partial and full loading of the cast and during transfer. The local compression force significantly correlated with the global compression force at the heel and instep area. In conclusion, the integration of sensing technologies into casts bears a high potential for early recognition of critical conditions inside the cast and inducing preventive measures in the at-risk population.
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- 2024
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10. Outcome of lung transplant recipients infected with SARS-CoV-2/Omicron/B.1.1.529: a Nationwide German study
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Kneidinger, Nikolaus, Hecker, Matthias, Bessa, Vasiliki, Hettich, Ina, Wald, Alexandra, Wege, Sabine, Nolde, Anna-Barbara, Oldigs, Maike, Syunyaeva, Zulfiya, Wilkens, Heinrike, and Gottlieb, Jens
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- 2023
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11. Fluoxetine and Ketamine Enhance Extinction Memory and Brain Plasticity by Triggering the p75 Neurotrophin Receptor Proteolytic Pathway
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Diniz, Cassiano Ricardo Alves Faria, Crestani, Ana Paula, Casarotto, Plinio Cabrera, Biojone, Caroline, Cannarozzo, Cecilia, Winkel, Frederike, Prozorov, Mikhail A., Kot, Erik F., Goncharuk, Sergey A., Benette Marques, Danilo, Rakauskas Zacharias, Leonardo, Autio, Henri, Sahu, Madhusmita Priyadarshini, Borges-Assis, Anna Bárbara, Leite, João Pereira, Mineev, Konstantin S., Castrén, Eero, and Resstel, Leonardo Barbosa Moraes
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- 2024
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12. State-of-the-Science of human papillomavirus vaccination in women with human immunodeficiency Virus: Summary of a scientific workshop
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Anne E. Schuind, Helen Rees, John Schiller, Nelly Mugo, Peter Dull, Ruanne Barnabas, Gary M. Clifford, Gui Liu, Shabir A. Madhi, Rebecca B. Morse, Anna-Barbara Moscicki, Joel M. Palefsky, Stanley Plotkin, Mónica S. Sierra, Mark K. Slifka, Alex Vorsters, Aimée R. Kreimer, and Arnaud M. Didierlaurent
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Human papillomavirus (HPV) ,human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,women with HIV (WWH) ,Epidemiology ,Immunology ,HPV vaccine ,Medicine - Abstract
The burden of cervical cancer is disproportionately distributed globally, with the vast majority of cases occurring in low- and middle-income countries. Women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (WWH) are at increased risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer as compared to HIV-negative individuals. HPV vaccination remains a priority in regions with a high burden of cervical cancer and high HIV prevalence. With HPV vaccines becoming more accessible, optimal use beyond the initial World Health Organization-recommended target population of 9 to 14-year-old girls is an important question. In March 2022, a group of experts in epidemiology, immunology, and vaccinology convened to discuss the state-of-the-science of HPV vaccination in WWH. This report summarizes the proceedings: review of HIV epidemiology and its intersection with cervical cancer burden, immunology, HPV vaccination including reduced-dose schedules and experience with other vaccines in people with HIV (PWH), HPV vaccination strategies and knowledge gaps, and outstanding research questions. Studies of HPV vaccine effectiveness among WWH, including duration of protection, are limited. Until data from ongoing research is available, the current recommendation for WWH remains for a multi-dose HPV vaccination regimen. A focus of the discussion included the potential impact of HIV acquisition following HPV vaccination. With no data currently existing for HPV vaccines and limited information from non-HPV vaccines, this question requires further research. Implementation research on optimal HPV vaccine delivery approaches for WWH and other priority populations is also urgently needed.
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- 2023
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13. State-of-the-Science of human papillomavirus vaccination in women with human immunodeficiency Virus: Summary of a scientific workshop
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Schuind, Anne E., Rees, Helen, Schiller, John, Mugo, Nelly, Dull, Peter, Barnabas, Ruanne, Clifford, Gary M., Liu, Gui, Madhi, Shabir A., Morse, Rebecca B., Moscicki, Anna-Barbara, Palefsky, Joel M., Plotkin, Stanley, Sierra, Mónica S., Slifka, Mark K., Vorsters, Alex, Kreimer, Aimée R., and Didierlaurent, Arnaud M.
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- 2023
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14. Sensitivity of pollutant concentrations in urban streets to asphalt and traffic-related emissions
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Sarica, Thibaud, Sartelet, Karine, Roustan, Yelva, Kim, Youngseob, Lugon, Lya, Marques, Baptiste, D'Anna, Barbara, Chaillou, Christophe, and Larrieu, Clément
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- 2023
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15. Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis CB1 receptors and the FAAH enzyme modulate anxiety behavior depending on previous stress exposure
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Borges-Assis, Anna Bárbara, Uliana, Daniela Lescano, Hott, Sara Cristina, Guimarães, Francisco Silveira, Lisboa, Sabrina Francesca, and Resstel, Leonardo Barbosa Moraes
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- 2023
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16. Contextual fear expression engages a complex set of interactions between ventromedial prefrontal cortex cholinergic, glutamatergic, nitrergic and cannabinergic signaling
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Uliana, Daniela Lescano, Diniz, Cassiano Ricardo Alves Faria, da Silva, Leandro Antero, Borges-Assis, Anna Bárbara, Lisboa, Sabrina Francesca, and Resstel, Leonardo Barbosa Moraes
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- 2023
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17. An analysis of the immunomodulatory properties of human spheroids from adipose-derived stem cells
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Toia, Francesca, Lo Presti, Elena, Di Stefano, Anna Barbara, Di Simone, Marta, Trapani, Marco, Corsale, Anna Maria, Picone, Carmela, Moschella, Francesco, Dieli, Francesco, Cordova, Adriana, and Meraviglia, Serena
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- 2023
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18. Changes in concentrations of cervicovaginal immune mediators across the menstrual cycle: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data
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Sean M. Hughes, Claire N. Levy, Ronit Katz, Erica M. Lokken, Melis N. Anahtar, Melissa Barousse Hall, Frideborg Bradley, Philip E. Castle, Valerie Cortez, Gustavo F. Doncel, Raina Fichorova, Paul L. Fidel, Keith R. Fowke, Suzanna C. Francis, Mimi Ghosh, Loris Y. Hwang, Mariel Jais, Vicky Jespers, Vineet Joag, Rupert Kaul, Jordan Kyongo, Timothy Lahey, Huiying Li, Julia Makinde, Lyle R. McKinnon, Anna-Barbara Moscicki, Richard M. Novak, Mickey V. Patel, Intira Sriprasert, Andrea R. Thurman, Sergey Yegorov, Nelly Rwamba Mugo, Alison C. Roxby, Elizabeth Micks, Florian Hladik, and The Consortium for Assessing Immunity Across the Menstrual Cycle
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Menstrual cycle ,Cytokine ,Chemokine ,Cervix ,vagina ,Female genital tract ,Medicine - Abstract
Abstract Background Hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle play a key role in shaping immunity in the cervicovaginal tract. Cervicovaginal fluid contains cytokines, chemokines, immunoglobulins, and other immune mediators. Many studies have shown that the concentrations of these immune mediators change throughout the menstrual cycle, but the studies have often shown inconsistent results. Our understanding of immunological correlates of the menstrual cycle remains limited and could be improved by meta-analysis of the available evidence. Methods We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of cervicovaginal immune mediator concentrations throughout the menstrual cycle using individual participant data. Study eligibility included strict definitions of the cycle phase (by progesterone or days since the last menstrual period) and no use of hormonal contraception or intrauterine devices. We performed random-effects meta-analyses using inverse-variance pooling to estimate concentration differences between the follicular and luteal phases. In addition, we performed a new laboratory study, measuring select immune mediators in cervicovaginal lavage samples. Results We screened 1570 abstracts and identified 71 eligible studies. We analyzed data from 31 studies, encompassing 39,589 concentration measurements of 77 immune mediators made on 2112 samples from 871 participants. Meta-analyses were performed on 53 immune mediators. Antibodies, CC-type chemokines, MMPs, IL-6, IL-16, IL-1RA, G-CSF, GNLY, and ICAM1 were lower in the luteal phase than the follicular phase. Only IL-1α, HBD-2, and HBD-3 were elevated in the luteal phase. There was minimal change between the phases for CXCL8, 9, and 10, interferons, TNF, SLPI, elafin, lysozyme, lactoferrin, and interleukins 1β, 2, 10, 12, 13, and 17A. The GRADE strength of evidence was moderate to high for all immune mediators listed here. Conclusions Despite the variability of cervicovaginal immune mediator measurements, our meta-analyses show clear and consistent changes during the menstrual cycle. Many immune mediators were lower in the luteal phase, including chemokines, antibodies, matrix metalloproteinases, and several interleukins. Only interleukin-1α and beta-defensins were higher in the luteal phase. These cyclical differences may have consequences for immunity, susceptibility to infection, and fertility. Our study emphasizes the need to control for the effect of the menstrual cycle on immune mediators in future studies.
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- 2022
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19. IPVS policy statement on HPV nucleic acid testing guidance for those utilising/considering HPV as primary precancer screening: Quality assurance and quality control issues
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Garland, Suzanne M, Stanley, Margaret, Moscicki, Anna-Barbara, Woo, Yin Ling, Bhatla, Neerja, Chan, Karen L., Palefsky, Joel, Giuliano, Anna R, Kaufmann, Andreas M, de Sanjose, Silvia, Brotherton, Julia M.L., Feldman, Sarah, Garland, Suzanne M., Iftner, Thomas, Cuschieri, Kate, Arbyn, Marc, Poljak, Mario, Dillner, Joakim, and Unger, Elizabeth R.
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- 2023
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20. Assessing Shipping Induced Emissions Impact on Air Quality with Various Techniques: Initial Results of the SCIPPER project
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Mamarikas, Sokratis, Matthias, Volker, Karl, Matthias, Fink, Lea, Simonen, Pauli, Keskinen, Jorma, Maso, Miikka Dal, Fridell, Erik, Moldanova, Jana, Hallquist, Åsa, Mellqvist, Johan, Conde, Vladimir, Verbeek, Ruud, Duyzer, Jan, van Dinther, Daniëlle, Timonen, Hilkka, Jalkanen, Jukka-Pekka, Sundström, Anu-Maija, Majamäki, Elisa, Stylogiannis, Antonios, Ntziachristos, Vasilis, Smyth, Tim, Yang, Mingxi, Deakin, Anthony, Proud, Richard, Oeffner, Johannes, Weisheit, Jonathan, Beecken, Jörg, Weigelt, Andreas, Griesel, Simone, Schoppmann, Hannes, Oppo, Sonia, Armengaud, Alexandre, D'Anna, Barbara, Temine-Roussel, Brice, Lanzafame, Grazia-Maria, Knudsen, Bettina, Knudsen, Jon, Kuosa, Maria, Irjala, Matti, Buckers, Leo, van Vliet, Jasper, and Ntziachristos, Leonidas
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- 2023
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21. Video-Based Education with Storytelling Reduces Parents’ Fear of Topical Corticosteroid Use in Children with Atopic Dermatitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial (The EduDerm Study Part II)
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Brunner, Corinne, Schlüer, Anna-Barbara, Znoj, Hansjoerg, Schwieger-Briel, Agnes, Luchsinger, Isabelle, Weibel, Lisa, and Theiler, Martin
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- 2023
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22. Comparison of clinical characteristics and healthcare resource use of pediatric chronic and non-chronic critically ill patients in intensive care units: a retrospective national registry study
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Chantal Grandjean, Marie-Hélène Perez, Anne-Sylvie Ramelet, The OCToPuS Consortium, Anne-Laure Lauria, Angelo Polito, Nathalie Bochaton, Daniel Trachsel, Mark Marston, Silvia Schnidrig, Tilman Humpl, Bjarte Rogdo, Ellen Wild, Thomas Neuhaus, Sandra Stalder, Barbara Brotschi, Franziska von Arx, Anna-Barbara Schlüer, Thomas Riedel, and Pascale Van Kleef
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health resources ,chronic disease ,chronic critical illness (CCI) ,critical care ,intensive care units ,pediatrics ,Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 - Abstract
IntroductionChronic critically ill patients (CCI) in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) are at risk of negative health outcomes, and account for a considerable amount of ICU resources. This study aimed to (a) describe the prevalence of CCI children, (b) compare their clinical characteristics and ICU resources use with non-CCI children, and (c) identify associated risk factors of CCI.MethodsA retrospective national registry study including 2015–2017 data from the eight Swiss PICUs of five tertiary and three regional hospitals, admitting a broad case-mix of medical and surgical patients, including pre- and full-term infants. CCI patients were identified using an adapted definition: PICU length of stay (LOS) ≥8 days and dependence on ≥1 PICU technology.ResultsOut of the 12,375 PICU admissions, 982 (8%) were CCI children and compared to non-CCI children, they were younger (2.8 vs. 6.7 months), had more cardiac conditions (24% vs. 12%), and higher mortality rate (7% vs. 2%) (p
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- 2023
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23. COVID-19 as a catalyst for reimagining cervical cancer prevention
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Rebecca Luckett, Sarah Feldman, Yin Ling Woo, Anna-Barbara Moscicki, Anna R Giuliano, Silvia de Sanjosé, Andreas M Kaufmann, Shuk On Annie Leung, Francisco Garcia, Karen Chan, Neerja Bhatla, Margaret Stanley, Julia Brotherton, Joel Palefsky, Suzanne Garland, and on behalf of the International Papillomavirus Society (IPVS) Policy Committee
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cervical cancer ,COVID19 ,global policy ,prevention ,vaccination ,HPV ,Medicine ,Science ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Cervical cancer has killed millions of women over the past decade. In 2019 the World Health Organization launched the Cervical Cancer Elimination Strategy, which included ambitious targets for vaccination, screening, and treatment. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted progress on the strategy, but lessons learned during the pandemic – especially in vaccination, self-administered testing, and coordinated mobilization on a global scale – may help with efforts to achieve its targets. However, we must also learn from the failure of the COVID-19 response to include adequate representation of global voices. Efforts to eliminate cervical cancer will only succeed if those countries most affected are involved from the very start of planning. In this article we summarize innovations and highlight missed opportunities in the COVID response, and make recommendations to leverage the COVID experience to accelerate the elimination of cervical cancer globally.
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- 2023
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24. Futures Studies for Design Systems and Social Transformation from Time/Space-Based Perspectives
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Anna Barbara and Yuemei Ma
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time/space-based design ,design futures ,social transformation ,chronotope ,design systems ,Systems engineering ,TA168 ,Technology (General) ,T1-995 - Abstract
Analyses of disciplines encompassing futures studies reveal a prevailing tendency to perceive time as a linear sequence of projections. However, this perspective is not applicable to the current context of social transformation in the age of globalization and digitization, such as sustainable development. Preliminary investigations into time-based design and futures studies have shown the potential of time-based paradigms for predicting reliable future scenarios and redesigning current forms of spaces, relationships, and services in response to these desired futures. In this paper, we describe a project of an Ephemeral and Temporary Space Design Laboratory, which has been a pedagogical experiment for 3 years to date in the School of Design at the Politecnico di Milano. The objective of this project is to systematically design an area of the city by reflecting on the relationship between design systems and social change, using participatory design methods such as field research and interviews with local residents to systematically redesign the urban space of the Lodi/Corvetto area in the city of Milan. This research aims to investigate the systematic influence of time factors on the spatial design of urban communities through futuristic and time/space-based design perspectives. The findings demonstrate that the utilization of time-based paradigms and tools can effectively enhance the time-based design approach, resulting in its increased integration within the design process. This integration plays a pivotal role in the construction of systems that have the capability to interact with and catalyze social transformation within the broader public and shared community.
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- 2023
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25. Impact of an educational tool on young women’s knowledge of cervical cancer screening recommendations
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Thiel de Bocanegra, Heike, Dehlendorf, Christine, Kuppermann, Miriam, Vangala, Sitaram S., and Moscicki, Anna-Barbara
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- 2022
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26. κ-Carrageenan and PVA blends as bioinks to 3D print scaffolds for cartilage reconstruction
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Muscolino, Emanuela, Di Stefano, Anna Barbara, Trapani, Marco, Sabatino, Maria Antonietta, Giacomazza, Daniela, Alessi, Sabina, Cammarata, Emanuele, Moschella, Francesco, Cordova, Adriana, Toia, Francesca, and Dispenza, Clelia
- Published
- 2022
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27. In vitro and in vivo evidence that the switch from calcineurin to mTOR inhibitors may be a strategy for immunosuppression in Epstein–Barr virus–associated post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder
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Thieme, Constantin J., Schulz, Malissa, Wehler, Patrizia, Anft, Moritz, Amini, Leila, Blàzquez-Navarro, Arturo, Stervbo, Ulrik, Hecht, Jochen, Nienen, Mikalai, Stittrich, Anna-Barbara, Choi, Mira, Zgoura, Panagiota, Viebahn, Richard, Schmueck-Henneresse, Michael, Reinke, Petra, Westhoff, Timm H., Roch, Toralf, and Babel, Nina
- Published
- 2022
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28. Analysis of MSCs' secretome and EVs cargo: Evaluation of functions and applications
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Urrata, Valentina, Trapani, Marco, Franza, Mara, Moschella, Francesco, Di Stefano, Anna Barbara, and Toia, Francesca
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- 2022
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29. Vaginal microbiome and cervical cancer
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Kyrgiou, Maria and Moscicki, Anna-Barbara
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- 2022
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30. Renal Function in Patients Hospitalized With Anorexia Nervosa Undergoing Refeeding: Findings From the Study of Refeeding to Optimize Inpatient Gains
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Downey, Amanda E., Cheng, Jing, Adams, Sally H., Buckelew, Sara M., Kapphahn, Cynthia J., Machen, Vanessa I., Rosen, Elaine L., Moscicki, Anna-Barbara, Golden, Neville H., and Garber, Andrea K.
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- 2022
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31. Organic aerosol source apportionment by using rolling positive matrix factorization: Application to a Mediterranean coastal city
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Chazeau, Benjamin, El Haddad, Imad, Canonaco, Francesco, Temime-Roussel, Brice, D'Anna, Barbara, Gille, Grégory, Mesbah, Boualem, Prévôt, André S.H., Wortham, Henri, and Marchand, Nicolas
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- 2022
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32. A case study and proposal for publishing directed acyclic graphs: The effectiveness of the quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine in perinatally HIV Infected girls
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Barnard-Mayers, Ruby, Kouser, Hiba, Cohen, Jamie A., Tassiopoulos, Katherine, Caniglia, Ellen C., Moscicki, Anna-Barbara, Campos, Nicole G., Caunca, Michelle R., Seage, George R. Seage, and Murray, Eleanor J
- Published
- 2022
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33. Association between inflammatory molecules, nitric oxide metabolites and leg ulcers in individuals with sickle cell anemia
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Belisário, André Rolim, Mendes-Oliveira, Franciane, de Souza, Valquíria Reis, Bolina-Santos, Eduarda, Mendes, Fabíola Gomes, Moreno, Elizabeth Castro, Franca, Alice Timponi, Sabino, Ester Cerdeira, Otta, Dayane Andriotti, de Faria, Elaine Speziali, Coelho-dos-Reis, Jordana Grazziela Alves, Martins-Filho, Olindo Assis, and Carneiro-Proietti, Anna Bárbara
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- 2022
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34. Changes in concentrations of cervicovaginal immune mediators across the menstrual cycle: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data
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Hughes, Sean M., Levy, Claire N., Katz, Ronit, Lokken, Erica M., Anahtar, Melis N., Hall, Melissa Barousse, Bradley, Frideborg, Castle, Philip E., Cortez, Valerie, Doncel, Gustavo F., Fichorova, Raina, Fidel, Jr, Paul L., Fowke, Keith R., Francis, Suzanna C., Ghosh, Mimi, Hwang, Loris Y., Jais, Mariel, Jespers, Vicky, Joag, Vineet, Kaul, Rupert, Kyongo, Jordan, Lahey, Timothy, Li, Huiying, Makinde, Julia, McKinnon, Lyle R., Moscicki, Anna-Barbara, Novak, Richard M., Patel, Mickey V., Sriprasert, Intira, Thurman, Andrea R., Yegorov, Sergey, Mugo, Nelly Rwamba, Roxby, Alison C., Micks, Elizabeth, and Hladik, Florian
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- 2022
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35. The Abundance and Sources of Ice Nucleating Particles Within Alaskan Ice Fog.
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Lill, Emily, Costa, Emily J., Barry, Kevin, Mirrielees, Jessica A., Mashkevich, Monica, Wu, Judy, Holen, Andrew L., Cesler‐Maloney, Meeta, DeMott, Paul J., Perkins, Russell, Hill, Thomas, Sullivan, Amy, Levin, Ezra, Simpson, William R., Mao, Jingqiu, Temime‐Roussel, Brice, D'Anna, Barbara, Law, Kathy S., Ault, Andrew P., and Schmitt, Carl
- Abstract
The Alaskan Layered Pollution and Chemical Analysis (ALPACA) field campaign included deployment of a suite of atmospheric measurements in January–February 2022 with the goal of better understanding atmospheric processes and pollution under cold and dark conditions in Fairbanks, Alaska. We report on measurements of particle composition, particle size, ice nucleating particle (INP) composition, and INP size during an ice fog period (29 January–3 February). During this period, coarse particulate matter (PM10) concentrations increased by 150% in association with a decrease in air temperature, a stronger temperature inversion, and relatively stagnant conditions. Results also show a 18%–78% decrease in INPs during the ice fog period, indicating that particles had activated into the ice fog via nucleation. Peroxide and heat treatments performed on INPs indicated that, on average, the largest contributions to the INP population were heat‐labile (potentially biological, 63%), organic (31%), then inorganic (likely dust, 6%). Measurements of levoglucosan and bulk and single‐particle composition corroborate the presence of dust and aerosols from combustion sources. Heat‐labile and organic INPs decreased during the peak period of the ice fog, indicating those were preferentially activated, while inorganic INPs increased, suggesting they remained as interstitial INPs. In general, INP concentrations were unexpectedly high in Fairbanks compared to other locations in the Arctic during winter. The fact that these INPs likely facilitated ice fog formation in Fairbanks has implications for other high latitude locations subject to the hazards associated with ice fog. Plain Language Summary: The Alaskan Layered Pollution and Chemical Analysis field campaign occurred January–February 2022 with the goal of better understanding the atmosphere and atmospheric pollution during the winter in Fairbanks, Alaska. We studied a rare subset of atmospheric particles called ice nucleating particles which facilitate the formation of ice fog by allowing water to freeze at temperatures above −38°C. During our study, there was an ice fog event that coincided with a pollution event. During this event, there was a significant increase in coarse particulate matter associated with a decrease in temperature and calm winds. Ice nucleating particle concentration in the air decreased during the ice fog event indicating that the INPs had activated into the ice fog and were not able to be captured. We determined that most INPs were heat‐labile (potentially biological), followed by organic. Very few INPs were inorganic. Inorganic INPs increased during the ice fog period while heat‐labile and organic INPs decreased indicating that they were being selectively activated into the fog. Overall, INP concentrations in Fairbanks were quite high compared to other Arctic locations and carries implications for ice fog formation in other high‐latitude locations. Key Points: Fairbanks had higher wintertime ice nucleating particle (INP) concentrations than other high‐latitude locationsINP concentrations in Fairbanks decreased during the ice fog period, indicating that INPs were activated into the fogINP composition in Fairbanks was dominated by heat‐labile INPs [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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36. Neoadjuvant Intratumoral Immunotherapy with Cowpea Mosaic Virus Induces Local and Systemic Antitumor Efficacy in Canine Mammary Cancer Patients
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Guillermo Valdivia, Daniel Alonso-Miguel, Maria Dolores Perez-Alenza, Anna Barbara Emilia Zimmermann, Evelien Schaafsma, Fred W. Kolling, Lucia Barreno, Angela Alonso-Diez, Veronique Beiss, Jessica Fernanda Affonso de Oliveira, María Suárez-Redondo, Steven Fiering, Nicole F. Steinmetz, Johannes vom Berg, Laura Peña, and Hugo Arias-Pulido
- Subjects
canine mammary cancer ,intratumoral immunotherapy ,plant virus ,cowpea mosaic virus ,nanoparticles ,immune cells ,Cytology ,QH573-671 - Abstract
The lack of optimal models to evaluate novel agents is delaying the development of effective immunotherapies against human breast cancer (BC). In this prospective open label study, we applied neoadjuvant intratumoral immunotherapy with empty cowpea mosaic virus-like particles (eCPMV) to 11 companion dogs diagnosed with canine mammary cancer (CMC), a spontaneous tumor resembling human BC. We found that two neoadjuvant intratumoral eCPMV injections resulted in tumor reduction in injected tumors in all patients and in noninjected tumors located in the ipsilateral and contralateral mammary chains of injected dogs. Tumor reduction was independent of clinical stage, tumor size, histopathologic grade, and tumor molecular subtype. RNA-seq-based analysis of injected tumors indicated a decrease in DNA replication activity and an increase in activated dendritic cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment. Immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrated significant intratumoral increases in neutrophils, T and B lymphocytes, and plasma cells. eCPMV intratumoral immunotherapy demonstrated antitumor efficacy without any adverse effects. This novel immunotherapy has the potential for improving outcomes for human BC patients.
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- 2023
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37. Cognitive impairment in the HTLV-1 infection: a comparative study associated with functional performance
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de Paula, Jonas Jardim, Romanelli, Luiz Claúdio, de Faria, Renata Caetano Vieira, Proietti, Anna Barbara, Malloy-Diniz, Leandro Fernandes, Romano-Silva, Marco Aurélio, de Miranda, Debora Marques, and Nicolato, Rodrigo
- Published
- 2021
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38. The vaginal microbiota and innate immunity after local excisional treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
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Anita Mitra, David A. MacIntyre, Maria Paraskevaidi, Anna-Barbara Moscicki, Vishakha Mahajan, Ann Smith, Yun S. Lee, Deirdre Lyons, Evangelos Paraskevaidis, Julian R. Marchesi, Phillip R. Bennett, and Maria Kyrgiou
- Subjects
Vaginal microbiota ,Metataxonomics ,Mucosal immunity ,Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia ,Lactobacillus ,Medicine ,Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
Abstract Background Vaginal microbiota (VMB) composition is altered in women with cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN) compared to healthy controls and is associated with disease progression. However, the impact of CIN excision on the VMB and innate immunity is not known. This observational study aims to explore the impact of CIN excision on the VMB, antimicrobial peptides (AMP) and proinflammatory cytokines. Methods We sampled 103 non-pregnant, premenopausal women at the time of excisional treatment for CIN and at their 6-month follow-up visit. A further 39 untreated controls with normal cytology were also sampled. We used metataxonomics to group vaginal swab samples into community state types (CSTs) and ELISA to quantify cytokine and AMP levels in matched vaginal secretions. Analyses were performed to compare the bacterial composition and immune analyte levels before and after CIN excision and in healthy controls. Results Women with CIN had significantly higher rates of Lactobacillus species depletion pre-treatment compared to healthy controls (CST IV 21/103, 20% vs 1/39, 3%, p = 0.0081). Excision did not change the VMB composition, with CST IV remaining significantly more prevalent after excision compared to untreated, healthy controls (CST IV 19/103, 20% vs 1/39, 3%, p = 0.0142). Prevotella bivia and Sneathia amnii were significantly higher in samples before treatment compared to untreated controls, and Prevotella bivia remained significantly higher amongst the treated, with less Lactobacillus crispatus compared to untreated controls. IL-1β and IL-8 remained significantly elevated pre- (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0014, respectively) and post-treatment (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0035, respectively) compared to untreated controls. Levels of human beta-defensin-1 and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor were both significantly reduced following CIN excision (p < 0.0001); however, their levels remained lower than controls post-treatment. Conclusions Women with CIN have an increased prevalence of Lactobacillus sp. depletion, high-diversity VMB composition, and higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines and AMPs compared to normal controls. Surgical excision of the disease reduces levels of vaginal AMPs but does not alter VMB composition or cytokine levels. These findings suggest that women with CIN have an inherent predisposition to a high-diversity proinflammatory environment that is not corrected by disease excision. The failure to re-establish a Lactobacillus-enriched CST may explain why women remain at high risk of pre-invasive and invasive disease recurrence.
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- 2021
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39. Injectable xyloglucan hydrogels incorporating spheroids of adipose stem cells for bone and cartilage regeneration
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Muscolino, Emanuela, Di Stefano, Anna Barbara, Trapani, Marco, Sabatino, Maria Antonietta, Giacomazza, Daniela, Moschella, Francesco, Cordova, Adriana, Toia, Francesca, and Dispenza, Clelia
- Published
- 2021
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40. Assessment and modulation of gliosis in inherited eye disease and its impact on cell replacement therapy
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Graca, Anna Barbara and Pearson, Rachael
- Subjects
617.7 - Abstract
In most inherited retinal degenerations such as age-related macular degeneration, death of photoreceptors leads to irreversible vision impairment. As the retina starts to degenerate, the retinal environment begins to remodel. While variations in the timing and magnitude of retinal response have been reported by various studies looking at different initiating insults, there has been no comparative assessment of the diseased retinae across time in multiple models of retinal degeneration. Here, the process of gliosis, outer nuclear layer cytoarchitecture and integrity of the outer limiting membrane (OLM) were examined in seven different mouse models of inherited retinal degeneration. Findings from this study demonstrated that each of the examined mutants manifests a unique pattern of alterations occurring in the retinal microenvironment, including significant changes to OLM junctions. Moreover, these animals showed that the type of the Müller glial response and its magnitude are not correlated with disease severity. Having identified marked but varied changes in the expression of GFAP, Vimentin and chondroitin sulphate proteoglycas (CSPGs) between different models, further work investigated whether it is possible to prevent or manipulate these changes. By knocking down expression of GFAP and Vimentin by with RNA interference (RNAi), the role of these proteins both in the development of degeneration-associated glial hypertrophy and in influencing photoreceptor transplantation outcome was assessed. Consistent with the idea that CSPGs deposition in the subretinal space represents a barrier to therapeutic interventions, an enzymatic approach was used to effectively digest these molecules in a diseased mouse retina. In the last instance, RNAi-mediated knockdown of CRB1, one of the key regulators of AJs, was used to introduce disruption of OLM integrity. The overall aim of this thesis was to provide a better understanding of the barriers in a diseased retinal environment and how they can be manipulated to ease in a future some of the therapeutic strategies to help to restore lost vision.
- Published
- 2017
41. História e memória da pesquisa e acervo arqueológico da Usina Hidrelétrica de Balbina
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Rhuan Carlos dos Santos Lopes, Juliana Rossato Santi, Anna Barbara Cardoso da Silva, Taciane Silveira Souza, Amauri Assis Matos, Wagner Fernando Veiga, and Guilherme Viana
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Arqueologia amazônica ,Arqueologia e grandes empreendimentos ,História da Arqueologia ,Latin America. Spanish America ,F1201-3799 ,Social Sciences - Abstract
Resumo O artigo objetiva reconstruir a memória do acervo arqueológico da Usina Hidrelétrica de Balbina, situada no município de Presidente Figueiredo, estado do Amazonas. Para isso, abordamos aspectos ligados à Arqueologia amazônica e à construção de usinas geradoras de energia elétrica na década de 1980, bem como as políticas do licenciamento ambiental brasileiras. Partimos do debate sobre formação de acervos arqueológicos no Brasil tendo em vista o conceito de estratigrafia do abandono. A pesquisa foi realizada em instituições arquivísticas e através de entrevistas com profissionais ligados ao Projeto de Salvamento Arqueológico da UHE Balbina (SAUHEB). Com isso, apresentamos como ocorreu o processo de esquecimento de um conjunto de fontes arqueológicas, circunscritas no terreno das memórias exiladas, e ressignificadas a partir das ações patrimoniais contemporâneas.
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- 2022
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42. The Population Structure of a Globe Artichoke Worldwide Collection, as Revealed by Molecular and Phenotypic Analyzes
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Domenico Rau, Giovanna Attene, Monica Rodriguez, Limbo Baghino, Anna Barbara Pisanu, Davide Sanna, Alberto Acquadro, Ezio Portis, and Cinzia Comino
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Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L. ,divergent selection ,germplasm collection ,microsatellite ,QST ,quantitative traits ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Abstract
The knowledge of the organization of the domesticated gene pool of crop species is an essential requirement to understand crop evolution, to rationalize conservation programs, and to support practical decisions in plant breeding. Here, we integrate simple sequence repeat (SSR) analysis and phenotypic characterization to investigate a globe artichoke collection that comprises most of the varieties cultivated worldwide. We show that the cultivated gene pool of globe artichoke includes five distinct genetic groups associated with the major phenotypic typologies: Catanesi (which based on our analysis corresponds to Violetti di Provenza), Spinosi, Violetti di Toscana, Romaneschi, and Macau. We observed that 17 and 11% of the molecular and phenotypic variance, respectively, is between these groups, while within groups, strong linkage disequilibrium and heterozygote excess are evident. The divergence between groups for quantitative traits correlates with the average broad-sense heritability within the groups. The phenotypic divergence between groups for both qualitative and quantitative traits is strongly and positively correlated with SSR divergence (FST) between groups. All this implies a low population size and strong bottleneck effects, and indicates a long history of clonal propagation and selection during the evolution of the domesticated gene pool of globe artichoke. Moreover, the comparison between molecular and phenotypic population structures suggests that harvest time, plant architecture (i.e., plant height, stem length), leaf spininess, head morphology (i.e., head shape, bract shape, spininess) together with the number of heads per plant were the main targets of selection during the evolution of the cultivated germplasm. We emphasize our findings in light of the potential exploitation of this collection for association mapping studies.
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- 2022
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43. Combining Drones and Deep Learning to Automate Coral Reef Assessment with RGB Imagery
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Anna Barbara Giles, Keven Ren, James Edward Davies, David Abrego, and Brendan Kelaher
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UAV ,neural network ,Lord Howe Island ,coral bleaching ,climate change ,remote sensing ,Science - Abstract
Coral reefs and their associated marine communities are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic climate change. A key step in the management of climate threats is an efficient and accurate end-to-end system of coral monitoring that can be generally applied to shallow water reefs. Here, we used RGB drone-based imagery and a deep learning algorithm to develop a system of classifying bleached and unbleached corals. Imagery was collected five times across one year, between November 2018 and November 2019, to assess coral bleaching and potential recovery around Lord Howe Island, Australia, using object-based image analysis. This training mask was used to develop a large training dataset, and an mRES-uNet architecture was chosen for automated segmentation. Unbleached coral classifications achieved a precision of 0.96, a recall of 0.92, and a Jaccard index of 0.89, while bleached corals achieved 0.28 precision, 0.58 recall, and a 0.23 Jaccard index score. Subsequently, methods were further refined by creating bleached coral objects (>16 pixels total) using the neural network classifications of bleached coral pixels, to minimize pixel error and count bleached coral colonies. This method achieved a prediction precision of 0.76 in imagery regions with >2000 bleached corals present, and 0.58 when run on an entire orthomosaic image. Bleached corals accounted for the largest percentage of the study area in September 2019 (6.98%), and were also significantly present in March (2.21%). Unbleached corals were the least dominant in March (28.24%), but generally accounted for ~50% of imagery across other months. Overall, we demonstrate that drone-based RGB imagery, combined with artificial intelligence, is an effective method of coral reef monitoring, providing accurate and high-resolution information on shallow reef environments in a cost-effective manner.
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- 2023
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44. PARP1 Activation Induces HMGB1 Secretion Promoting Intestinal Inflammation in Mice and Human Intestinal Organoids
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Roberta Vitali, Anna Barbara Mancuso, Francesca Palone, Claudio Pioli, Vincenzo Cesi, Anna Negroni, Salvatore Cucchiara, Salvatore Oliva, Claudia Carissimi, Ilaria Laudadio, and Laura Stronati
- Subjects
inflammation ,gut ,HMGB1 ,PARP1 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Extracellular High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) has been recently reported to promote HMGB1 acetylation and its secretion outside cells. In this study, the relationship between HMGB1 and PARP1 in controlling intestinal inflammation was explored. C57BL6/J wild type (WT) and PARP1−/− mice were treated with DSS to induce acute colitis, or with the DSS and PARP1 inhibitor, PJ34. Human intestinal organoids, which are originated from ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, were exposed to pro-inflammatory cytokines (INFγ + TNFα) to induce intestinal inflammation, or coexposed to cytokines and PJ34. Results show that PARP1−/− mice develop less severe colitis than WT mice, evidenced by a significant decrease in fecal and serum HMGB1, and, similarly, treating WT mice with PJ34 reduces the secreted HMGB1. The exposure of intestinal organoids to pro-inflammatory cytokines results in PARP1 activation and HMGB1 secretion; nevertheless, the co-exposure to PJ34, significantly reduces the release of HMGB1, improving inflammation and oxidative stress. Finally, HMGB1 release during inflammation is associated with its PARP1-induced PARylation in RAW264.7 cells. These findings offer novel evidence that PARP1 favors HMGB1 secretion in intestinal inflammation and suggest that impairing PARP1 might be a novel approach to manage IBD.
- Published
- 2023
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45. Energy and protein intake in medical and geriatric inpatients with MEDPass versus conventional administration of oral nutritional supplements: study protocol for the randomized controlled MEDPass Trial
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Silvia Kurmann, Emilie Reber, Maria F. Vasiloglou, Philipp Schuetz, Andreas W. Schoenenberger, Katja Uhlmann, Anna-Barbara Sterchi, and Zeno Stanga
- Subjects
Oral nutritional supplements ,Energy intake ,Protein intake ,Malnutrition ,MEDPass ,Nutrition as medication ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Abstract Background Disease-related malnutrition is highly prevalent in hospitalized medical and geriatric inpatients. It is associated with negative outcomes such as muscle wasting, decline of functional status, and increased morbidity and mortality. Oral nutritional supplements (ONS) are frequently used in nutritional therapy to increase intake. However, compliance to ONS is often limited and maybe improved by prescribing ONS in small portions timed with the medication (MEDPass). However, it is unknown whether the MEDPass administration enhances patients’ total energy and protein intake. Methods The MEDPass Trial is a randomized, controlled, open-label superiority trial. Patients in the MEDPass group receive 50 ml of ONS four times per day, distributed with the medication rounds. Patients in the control group receive ONS between meals. The primary outcome is average daily energy intake (% of calculated daily requirement). For our power analysis, we assumed that administration of ONS in the MEDPass administration mode increases energy intake by at least 10% (i.e., by 200 kcal for an average energy requirement of 2200 kcal/day). Thus, with the inclusion of 200 patients, this trial has 80% power to demonstrate that intervention group patients have an average intake of 2200 kcal/day (SD 500 kcal) versus 2000 kcal/day (SD 500 kcal) in control group patients. Energy and protein intakes from ONS and all food consumed are monitored continuously throughout the hospital stay and are statistically compared to the patient’s requirements. Secondary outcomes include average daily protein intake (% of calculated daily requirement), average intake of ONS/day, the course of body weight, handgrip strength, appetite, and nausea. Furthermore, hospital length of stay and 30-day mortality are assessed. The primary statistical analysis will be performed as an intention-to-treat analysis adjusted for the stratification factors used in randomization. Discussion To our knowledge, this is the first randomized controlled trial assessing total energy and protein intake for the entire hospitalization period in patients receiving MEDPass versus conventional ONS administration. Thus, the MEDPass Trial will fill a gap and answer this relevant clinical question. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03761680 . Registered on 3 December 2018. Kofam.ch SNCTP000003191 . Registered on 15 October 2018
- Published
- 2021
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46. The Eighteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: Targeting and First Spectra from SDSS-V
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Andrés Almeida, Scott F. Anderson, Maria Argudo-Fernández, Carles Badenes, Kat Barger, Jorge K. Barrera-Ballesteros, Chad F. Bender, Erika Benitez, Felipe Besser, Jonathan C. Bird, Dmitry Bizyaev, Michael R. Blanton, John Bochanski, Jo Bovy, William Nielsen Brandt, Joel R. Brownstein, Johannes Buchner, Esra Bulbul, Joseph N. Burchett, Mariana Cano Díaz, Joleen K. Carlberg, Andrew R. Casey, Vedant Chandra, Brian Cherinka, Cristina Chiappini, Abigail A. Coker, Johan Comparat, Charlie Conroy, Gabriella Contardo, Arlin Cortes, Kevin Covey, Jeffrey D. Crane, Katia Cunha, Collin Dabbieri, James W. Davidson Jr, Megan C. Davis, Anna Barbara de Andrade Queiroz, Nathan De Lee, José Eduardo Méndez Delgado, Sebastian Demasi, Francesco Di Mille, John Donor, Peter Dow, Tom Dwelly, Mike Eracleous, Jamey Eriksen, Xiaohui Fan, Emily Farr, Sara Frederick, Logan Fries, Peter Frinchaboy, Boris T. Gänsicke, Junqiang Ge, Consuelo González Ávila, Katie Grabowski, Catherine Grier, Guillaume Guiglion, Pramod Gupta, Patrick Hall, Keith Hawkins, Christian R. Hayes, J. J. Hermes, Lorena Hernández-García, David W. Hogg, Jon A. Holtzman, Hector Javier Ibarra-Medel, Alexander Ji, Paula Jofre, Jennifer A. Johnson, Amy M. Jones, Karen Kinemuchi, Matthias Kluge, Anton Koekemoer, Juna A. Kollmeier, Marina Kounkel, Dhanesh Krishnarao, Mirko Krumpe, Ivan Lacerna, Paulo Jakson Assuncao Lago, Chervin Laporte, Chao Liu, Ang Liu, Xin Liu, Alexandre Roman Lopes, Matin Macktoobian, Steven R. Majewski, Viktor Malanushenko, Dan Maoz, Thomas Masseron, Karen L. Masters, Gal Matijevic, Aidan McBride, Ilija Medan, Andrea Merloni, Sean Morrison, Natalie Myers, Szabolcs Mészáros, C. Alenka Negrete, David L. Nidever, Christian Nitschelm, Daniel Oravetz, Audrey Oravetz, Kaike Pan, Yingjie Peng, Marc H. Pinsonneault, Rick Pogge, Dan Qiu, Solange V. Ramirez, Hans-Walter Rix, Daniela Fernández Rosso, Jessie Runnoe, Mara Salvato, Sebastian F. Sanchez, Felipe A. Santana, Andrew Saydjari, Conor Sayres, Kevin C. Schlaufman, Donald P. Schneider, Axel Schwope, Javier Serna, Yue Shen, Jennifer Sobeck, Ying-Yi Song, Diogo Souto, Taylor Spoo, Keivan G. Stassun, Matthias Steinmetz, Ilya Straumit, Guy Stringfellow, José Sánchez-Gallego, Manuchehr Taghizadeh-Popp, Jamie Tayar, Ani Thakar, Patricia B. Tissera, Andrew Tkachenko, Hector Hernandez Toledo, Benny Trakhtenbrot, José G. Fernández-Trincado, Nicholas Troup, Jonathan R. Trump, Sarah Tuttle, Natalie Ulloa, Jose Antonio Vazquez-Mata, Pablo Vera Alfaro, Sandro Villanova, Stefanie Wachter, Anne-Marie Weijmans, Adam Wheeler, John Wilson, Leigh Wojno, Julien Wolf, Xiang-Xiang Xue, Jason E. Ybarra, Eleonora Zari, and Gail Zasowski
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Surveys ,Astronomy databases ,Astronomy data acquisition ,Astronomy software ,Astrophysics ,QB460-466 - Abstract
The eighteenth data release (DR18) of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) is the first one for SDSS-V, the fifth generation of the survey. SDSS-V comprises three primary scientific programs or “Mappers”: the Milky Way Mapper (MWM), the Black Hole Mapper (BHM), and the Local Volume Mapper. This data release contains extensive targeting information for the two multiobject spectroscopy programs (MWM and BHM), including input catalogs and selection functions for their numerous scientific objectives. We describe the production of the targeting databases and their calibration and scientifically focused components. DR18 also includes ∼25,000 new SDSS spectra and supplemental information for X-ray sources identified by eROSITA in its eFEDS field. We present updates to some of the SDSS software pipelines and preview changes anticipated for DR19. We also describe three value-added catalogs (VACs) based on SDSS-IV data that have been published since DR17, and one VAC based on the SDSS-V data in the eFEDS field.
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- 2023
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47. Auditory comprehension : from the voice up to the single word level
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Jones, Anna Barbara, Pernet, Cyril, and Bak, Thomas
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616.85 ,aphasia ,stroke ,language ,speech ,auditory comprehension ,imaging ,brain - Abstract
Auditory comprehension, the ability to understand spoken language, consists of a number of different auditory processing skills. In the five studies presented in this thesis I investigated both intact and impaired auditory comprehension at different levels: voice versus phoneme perception, as well as single word auditory comprehension in terms of phonemic and semantic content. In the first study, using sounds from different continua of ‘male’-/pæ/ to ‘female’-/tæ/ and ‘male’-/tæ/ to ‘female’-/pæ/, healthy participants (n=18) showed that phonemes are categorised faster than voice, in contradistinction with the common hypothesis that voice information is stripped away (or normalised) to access phonemic content. Furthermore, reverse correlation analysis suggests that gender and phoneme are processed on the basis of different perceptual representations. A follow-up study (same paradigm) in stroke patients (n=25, right or left hemispheric brain lesions, both with and without aphasia) showed that lesions of the right frontal cortex (likely ventral inferior frontal gyrus) leads to systematic voice perception deficits while left hemispheric lesions can elicit both voice and phoneme deficits. Together these results show that phoneme processing is lateralized while voice information processing requires both hemispheres. Furthermore, this suggests that commencing Speech and Language Therapy at a low level of acoustic processing/voice perception may be an appropriate method in the treatment of phoneme perception impairments. A longitudinal case study (CF) of crossed aphasia (rare acquired communication impairment secondary to lesion ipsilateral to the dominant hand) is then presented alongside a mini-review of the literature. Extensive clinical investigation showed that CF presented with word-finding difficulties related to impaired auditory phonological analysis, while functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) analyses showed right hemispheric lateralization of language functions (reading, repetition and verb generation). These results, together with the co-morbidity analysis from the mini-review, suggest that crossed aphasia can be explained by developmental disorders which cause partial right lateralization shift of language processes. Interestingly, in CF this process did not affect voice lateralization and information processing, suggesting partial segregation of voice and speech processing. In the last two studies, auditory comprehension was examined at the single word level using a word-picture matching task with congruent (correct target) and incongruent (semantic, phonological and unrelated foils) conditions. fMRI in healthy participants (n=16) revealed a key role of the pars triangularis (phonological processing), the left angular gyrus (semantic incongruency) and the left precuneus (semantic relatedness) in this task – regions typically associated via the arcuate fasciculus and often impaired in aphasia. Further investigation of stroke patients on the same task (n=15) suggested that the connections between the angular gyrus and the pars triangularis serve a fundamental role in semantic processing. The quality of a published word-picture matching task was also investigated, with results questioning the clinical relevance of this task as an assessment tool. Finally, a pilot study looking at the effect of a computer-assisted auditory comprehension therapy (React2©) in 6 stroke patients (vs. 6 healthy controls and 6 stroke patients without therapy) is presented. Results show that the more therapy patients carry out the more improvement is seen in the semantic processing of single nouns. However, these results need to be reproduced on a larger scale in order to generalise any outcomes. Overall, the findings from these studies present new insight into, as well as extending on, current cognitive and neuroanatomical models of voice perception, speech perception and single word auditory comprehension. A combinatorial approach to cognitive and neuroanatomical models is proposed in order to further research, and thus improve clinical care, into impaired auditory comprehension.
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- 2016
48. Porphyromonas gingivalis peptidylarginine deiminase in the aetiology of rheumatoid arthritis
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Montgomery, Anna Barbara Kay, Venables, Patrick J., and Yue, Wyatt
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616.7 - Abstract
Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) are the main autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Citrullination is the conversion of arginine to citrulline by peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) enzymes. Periodontitis (PD) is a risk factor for RA, and there is evidence this may be due to citrullination by the unique prokaryotic PAD enzyme expressed by PD pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis (PPAD). The aim of this work was to characterise PPAD, and investigate its potential role in the aetiology of RA. The 3D crystal structure of PPAD was solved, and functional residues identified. The catalytic domain comprises five ββαβ motif repeats, which create a canonical binding groove into the active site, and the immunoglobulin-like domain is an anti-parallel β-sandwich. PPAD lacks significant homology to human PADs, and forms distinct citrullinated peptides from those formed by human PAD isoforms PAD2 and PAD4 due to unique C-terminal substrate specificity. In vivo, immunisation with P. gingivalis proteins: PPAD, arginine gingipain (Rgp), and enolase (PgEnolase), induced ACPA responses in mice. In human cohorts, antibodies to PPAD, Rgp, and PgEnolase were increased in RA patients compared to osteoarthritis or healthy controls, and in RA patients with PD compared to those without. Six months of PD treatment saw a significant reduction in antibodies to P. gingivalis in RA patients with PD, but no change in ACPA. These results demonstrate P. gingivalis induces ACPA responses comparable to those observed in RA, potentially through formation of novel citrullinated peptides by PPAD. Structural and mechanistic information obtained here can be used in future studies targeting PPAD as a potential therapeutic strategy in RA.
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- 2016
49. Separate frameworks of regional innovation systems for analysis in China? Conceptual developments based on a qualitative case study in Chongqing
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Heindl, Anna-Barbara
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- 2020
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50. Consumerism in health care – review of Polish and world literature.
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Krakowiak-Burdzy, Anna Barbara and Fąfara, Anna
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MEDICAL care use ,MEDICAL quality control ,PATIENTS' rights ,MEDICAL care ,NURSING ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,MEDLINE ,HOSPITAL medical staff ,QUALITY of life ,ONLINE information services ,PATIENT satisfaction ,MEDICAL needs assessment ,PATIENT participation ,PATIENTS' attitudes - Abstract
Introduction. Consumerism refers to people who adopt attitudes characterised by unnecessary consumption and excessive accumulation of material goods, which are the most important, essential in life, and are a determinant of quality. Consumerism has brought noticeable positive effects in the area of health services due to the observance of patients' rights, the provision of ever higher quality medical services, allowing the patient to decide on certain issues concerning their life and health, and the choice of doctor or medical facility. Aim. The aim of the work was to analyze the scientific literature on consumerism in health care. Method. Scopus, PubMed databases and Google Scholar were searched in accordance with the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyzes (PRISMA 2020).Ultimately, 14 articles that met the inclusion criteria were included for detailed analysis. Results. Comprehensive, high-quality nursing care in a hospital, upgrading the skills of health care professionals and appropriate behaviour of medical staff contribute to the positive assessment of a particular facility, and thus attract other customers (patients) to use medical services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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