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1. Model validation for a knowledge and practices survey towards prevention of soil-transmitted helminth infections in rural villages in Indonesia

Author

P. Lee, J. M. Kurscheid, B. Laksono, M. J. Park, A. C. A. Clements, C. Lowe, D. E. Stewart, and D. J. Gray

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract The rate of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infection is estimated to be around 20% in Indonesia. Health promotion and health education are cost-effective strategies to supplement STH prevention and control programs. Existing studies suggest that quantitative tools for knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) are important to monitor effective community-based STH interventions. However, evidence is limited regarding the applicability of such tools. This study aims to identify the socio-demographic predictors for STH-related knowledge and practices and validate the quantitative tools in population use. A cross-sectional study design was conducted among residents of 16 villages in Central Java, Indonesia. Adult and child respondents were interviewed to assess general knowledge and practices in relation to STH. Two mixed effects models identified the significant factors in predicting knowledge and practice scores. The model predicted knowledge and practice scores were compared with the observed scores to validate the quantitative measurements developed in this study. Participants’ socio-demographic variables were significant in predicting an individual’s STH-related knowledge level and their hand washing and hygiene practices, taking into account household-level variability. Model validation results confirmed that the quantitative measurement tools were suitable for assessing STH associated knowledge and behaviour. The questionnaire developed in this study can be used to support school- and community-based health education interventions to maximize the effect of STH prevention and control programs.

Published
2023
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2. Position statement for adult and paediatric spirometry in South Africa: 2022 update

Author

D Maree, R A Swanepoel, F Swart, D M Gray, R Masekela, B W Allwood, R N van-Zyl Smit, and C F N Koegelenberg

Subjects
lung function, spirometry, impairment, Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779, Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, RC86-88.9
Abstract

Spirometry is required as part of the comprehensive evaluation of both adult and paediatric individuals with suspected or confirmed respiratory diseases and occupational assessments. It is used in the categorisation of impairment, grading of severity, assessment of potential progression and response to interventions. Guidelines for spirometry in South Africa are required to improve the quality, standardisation and usefulness in local respiratory practice. The broad principles of spirometry have remained largely unchanged from previous versions of the South African Spirometry Guidelines; however, minor adjustments have been incorporated from more comprehensive international guidelines, including adoption of the Global Lung Function Initiative 2012 (GLI 2012) spirometry reference equations for the South African population. All equipment should have proof of validation regarding resolution and consistency of the system. Daily calibration must be performed, and equipment quality control processes adhered to. It is important to have standard operating procedures to ensure consistency and quality and, additionally, strict infection control as highlighted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Adequate spirometry relies on a competent, trained operator, accurate equipment, standardised operating procedures, quality control and patient co-operation. All manoeuvres must be performed strictly according to guidelines, and strict quality assurance methods should be in place, including acceptability criteria (for any given effort) and repeatability (between efforts). Results must be categorised and graded according to current guidelines, taking into consideration the indication for the test.

Published
2022
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3. A Standardised Modular Approach for Site SCADA Applications Within a Water Utility

Author

Alex D. L. Gray, Ioana Pisica, Gareth A. Taylor, and Louisa Whitehurst

Subjects
SCADA, control systems, human factors, water utility, regulators, process, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
Abstract

Any large water treatment/production utility that employs autonomous plant as part of its processes will utilize supervisory control and data acquisition systems. These systems will generally be isolated from each other and will exist solely to serve the site they control and visualize. More often, they are delivered and developed organically through cost driven maintenance regimes that prioritize on process risk rather than asset lifecycles. In some cases, this has led to variations in installed software and hardware applications, not only across a business enterprise, but also down to a site level. This is usually based on favored products at the time of supply, and in turn requires a broader range of engineering skills to maintain and update. The previous adoption of a “fit and forget”model has also led to large areas of unsupported computer assets within an organization that further introduces “data risk.”As regulatory bodies start to impose stricter compliance measures on the water industry, so to the suppliers become more reliant upon their process data. This paper presents how a water utility has employed a modular approach and has set to standardize its SCADA assets across all business sectors. It reviews the hardware the systems are installed on, the software applications used to deliver the integration, and discusses how the software devices have been modeled and tagged in search of a common information model. All in line with their respective field assets. It also discusses some of the human factors surrounding the replacement of control systems.

Published
2017
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4. Biogeochemical origins of particles obtained from the inversion of the volume scattering function and spectral absorption in coastal waters

Author

X. Zhang, Y. Huot, D. J. Gray, A. Weidemann, and W. J. Rhea

Subjects
Ecology, QH540-549.5, Life, QH501-531, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

In the aquatic environment, particles can be broadly separated into phytoplankton (PHY), non-algal particle (NAP) and dissolved (or very small particle, VSP) fractions. Typically, absorption spectra are inverted to quantify these fractions, but volume scattering functions (VSFs) can also be used. Both absorption spectra and VSFs were used to estimate particle fractions for an experiment in the Chesapeake Bay. A complete set of water inherent optical properties was measured using a suite of commercial instruments and a prototype Multispectral Volume Scattering Meter (MVSM); the chlorophyll concentration, [Chl] was determined using the HPLC method. The total scattering coefficient measured by an ac-s and the VSF at a few backward angles measured by a HydroScat-6 and an ECO-VSF agreed with the LISST and MVSM data within 5%, thus indicating inter-instrument consistency. The size distribution and scattering parameters for PHY, NAP and VSP were inverted from measured VSFs. For the absorption inversion, the "dissolved" absorption spectra were measured for filtrate passing through a 0.2 μm filter, whereas [Chl] and NAP absorption spectra were inverted from the particulate fraction. Even though the total scattering coefficient showed no correlation with [Chl], estimates of [Chl] from the VSF-inversion agreed well with the HPLC measurements (r = 0.68, mean relative errors = −20%). The scattering associated with NAP and VSP both correlated well with the NAP and "dissolved" absorption coefficients, respectively. While NAP dominated forward, and hence total, scattering, our results also suggest that the scattering by VSP was far from negligible and dominated backscattering. Since the sizes of VSP range from 0.02 to 0.2 μm, covering (a portion of) the operationally defined "dissolved" matter, the typical assumption that colored dissolved organic matter (i.e., CDOM) does not scatter may not hold, particularly in a coastal or estuarine environment.

Published
2013
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5. Early evidence for historical overfishing in the Gulf of Mexico

Author

Christopher M. Grant, Jonathan R. Kennedy, Eric J. Guiry, D. Ryan Gray, Paul Szpak, and Martin T. O'Connell

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Multidisciplinary, biology, Overfishing, Ecology, Range (biology), games.playing_card_game, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Fishing, SciAdv r-articles, Archosargus probatocephalus, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Fishery, Seagrass, Geography, Sheepshead, Anthropology, Population growth, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, games, Research Articles, Research Article
Abstract

Early overfishing in the Gulf of Mexico highlights vulnerability of one of the world’s most productive marine fishery areas., Fisheries encompass complex interplays between social, economic, and environmental factors, but limitations on historical fisheries data can hamper efforts to identify and contextualize the long-term spatiotemporal patterns that shape them. We integrate 2500 years of stable isotope (δ34S, δ13C, and δ15N) and zooarchaeological evidence from Gulf of Mexico fisheries to assess cultural, demographic, and technological changes affecting sheepshead (Archosargus probatocephalus) populations and fishing practices in Louisiana, USA. Concurrent with human population growth, average sizes of sheepshead caught decreased from the 1720s to 1830s. The size of fish caught after the 1830s increased to pre-1720 levels at the same time that isotopic compositions of fish bone collagen show that fish were being caught from a more diverse range of ecosystems, including distant seagrass beds. Our findings provide the first evidence for large-scale depressions of historical sheepshead populations and the processes driving them, including rapid human population growth and sustained harvesting pressure.

Published
2021

6. The role of volatile organic compounds in the polluted urban atmosphere of Bristol, England

Author

A. C. Rivett, D. Martin, D. J. Gray, C. S. Price, G. Nickless, P. G. Simmonds, S. J. O’Doherty, B. R. Greally, A. Knights, and D. E. Shallcross

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

The results of a field campaign carried out from early spring through to the late summer of 2000, in Bristol, England, are presented. Continuous measurements of over 40 hydrocarbons have been made at an urban background site, located at Bristol University, for approximately nine months using a Gas Chromatography - Flame Ionisation Detection (GC-FID) system and for a selection of halocarbons for approximately one month using a Gas Chromatography - Electron Capture Detection (GC-ECD) system. In this paper we present the time-series of the nine halocarbons and selected hydrocarbons. Daytime and night-time hydroxyl radical concentrations have been estimated based on the diurnal variations of a selection of the measured hydrocarbons. The average summer daytime concentration of OH was found to be 2.5x106 molecules cm-3 and the night-time concentration to be in the range 104 to 105 molecules cm-3. In addition, the role played by certain VOCs in the formation of ozone is assessed using the POCP (Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential) concept.

Published
2003

7. Point-of-care brain injury evaluation of conscious awareness: wide scale deployment of portable HCS EEG evaluation

Author

Bruce D. Dick, Donald F. Weaver, D Shaun Gray, Carolyn M Fleck-Prediger, Shishir Gopinath, Ryan C.N. D'Arcy, Careesa C. Liu, and Sujoy Ghosh Hajra

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, media_common.quotation_subject, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Disorders of consciousness, Electroencephalography, Audiology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Level of consciousness, medicine, EEG, P300, Acquired brain injury, Halifax Consciousness Scanner, Point of care, media_common, Chronic care, medicine.diagnostic_test, Disorders of Consciousness, business.industry, medicine.disease, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, 030104 developmental biology, Neurology, Neurology (clinical), Consciousness, business, Neurocognitive, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, ERP, Research Article
Abstract

Survivors of severe brain injury may remain in a decreased state of conscious awareness for an extended period of time. Clinical scales are used to describe levels of consciousness but rely on behavioural responses, precipitating misdiagnosis. We have previously utilized event-related potentials (ERPs) to circumvent reliance on behavioural responses. However, practical implementation barriers limit the clinical utility of ERP assessment at point-of-care (POC). To address this challenge, we developed the Halifax Consciousness Scanner (HCS)—a rapid, semi-automated electroencephalography system. The current study evaluated: (i) HCS feasibility in sub-acute, POC settings nationwide; (ii) ERP P300 responses in patients with acquired brain injury versus healthy controls; and (iii) correlations within and between clinical measures and P300 latencies. We assessed 28 patients with severe, chronic impairments from brain injuries and contrasted the results with healthy control data (n = 100). Correlational analyses examined relationships between P300 latencies and the commonly used clinical scales. P300 latencies were significantly delayed in patients compared to healthy controls (P

Published
2018

8. Disabling Gβγ SNARE interaction in transgenic mice disrupts GPCR-mediated presynaptic inhibition leading to physiological and behavioral phenotypes

Author

Michael R. Dohn, Brian Page, Nicholas A. Harris, Emily C. Church, Yun Young Yim, Zack Zurawski, Douglas P. Mortlock, Heidi E. Hamm, Karren Hyde, Lillian J. Brady, Carrie K. Jones, A. D. Thompson Gray, Simon Alford, and Danny G. Winder

Subjects
0303 health sciences, Voltage-dependent calcium channel, Chemistry, SNAP25, GABAB receptor, Neurotransmission, Inhibitory postsynaptic potential, Exocytosis, Cell biology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Postsynaptic potential, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, 030304 developmental biology, G protein-coupled receptor
Abstract

Gi/o-coupled G-protein coupled receptors modulate neurotransmission presynaptically through inhibition of exocytosis. Release of Gβγ subunits decreases the activity of voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCC), decreasing excitability. A less understood Gβγ–mediated mechanism downstream of calcium entry is the binding of Gβγ to SNARE complexes. Here, we create a mouse partially deficient in this interaction. SNAP25Δ3 homozygote animals are developmentally normalbut impaired gait and supraspinal nociception. They also have elevated stress-induced hyperthermia and impaired inhibitory postsynaptic responses to α2A-AR, but normal inhibitory postsynaptic responses to Gi/o-coupled GABABreceptor activation. SNAP25Δ3 homozygotes have deficits in inhibition of hippocampal postsynaptic responses to 5 HT1bagonists that affect hippocampal learning. These data suggest that Gi/o-coupled GPCR inhibition of exocytosis through the Gβγ-SNARE interaction is a crucial component of numerous physiological and behavioral processes.

Published
2018
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9. CYPERACEAE

Author

J. Browning, K. D. Gordon-Gray, and C. J. Ward

Subjects
General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Abstract

NEW RECORDS FOR SOUTHERN AFRICA AND KWAZULU-NATAL

Published
1995
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10. Introducing global peat-specific temperature and pH calibrations based on brGDGT bacterial lipids

Author

Angela V. Gallego-Sala, Mariusz Gałka, Frank M. Chambers, E.N. Honorio Coronado, Sarah J. Feakins, Fatima Laggoun-Défarge, Paul D.M. Hughes, Erin L McClymont, Mari Könönen, Rob Marchant, Mariusz Lamentowicz, Yanhong Zheng, A. D. Cohen, Ali Pourmand, Xabier Pontevedra-Pombal, Arnaud Huguet, Dennis Del Castillo Torres, Jerome Blewett, Richard D. Pancost, Camilo Ponton, F. De Vleeschouwer, A. M. Rizzuti, Matthew J. Amesbury, Richard P. Evershed, M. A. Burrows, Laure Gandois, Richard Bindler, Outi Lähteenoja, Gordon N. Inglis, Judith Schellekens, Harald Biester, Patrick G. Hatcher, Line Rochefort, Bernhard David A Naafs, D. M. Gray, Organic Geochemistry Unit - OGU (Bristol, United Kingdom), University of Bristol [Bristol], Cabot Institute, State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Department of Geology, Northwestern Polytechnical University [Xi'an] (NPU), Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Institut für Umweltgeochemie, Umeå University, Australian National University (ANU), Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), Centre for Environmental Change and Quaternary Research, University of Gloucestershire (Cheltenham, GB), Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences [Columbia], University of South Carolina [Columbia], Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pinelands Field Station, Rutgers University System (Rutgers), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Norfolk, Old Dominion University [Norfolk] (ODU), Palaeoecology Laboratory, University of Southampton, Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Forest Sciences [Helsinki], Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry [Helsinki], University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Department of Biology, University of Turku, University of Turku, University of York [York, UK], Departamento de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela [Spain] (USC ), Department of Earth Sciences [USC Los Angeles], University of Southern California (USC), Division of Marine Geology & Geophysics, University of Miami, University of Miami [Coral Gables], Department of Chemistry, Claflin University, Claflin University, Peatland Ecology Research Group, Centre for Northern Studies - Université Laval, Department of Soil Science, University of São Paulo, University of São Paulo (USP), ANR-2011-JS56-006-01 'PARAD'CNPq project 482815/2011-6, ANR-11-LABX-0010,DRIIHM / IRDHEI,Dispositif de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les Interactions Hommes-Milieux(2011), European Project: 340923,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-ADG,TGRES(2014), Department of Forest Sciences, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)

Subjects
1171 Geosciences, Peat, Peatland, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, MARINE-SEDIMENTS, ta1172, BRANCHED GDGTS, ta1171, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, TIBETAN PLATEAU, Degree (temperature), Geochemistry and Petrology, CLIMATE VARIABILITY, Soil pH, Calibration, Organic matter, LATE HOLOCENE, Glacial period, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Holocene, 1172 Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, chemistry.chemical_classification, Hydrology, GDGT, GE, FRENCH PEATLAND, WESTERN-EUROPE, MEMBRANE-LIPIDS, Biomarker, 15. Life on land, calibration, ORGANIC-MATTER, lignite, chemistry, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Environmental chemistry, Soil water, DIALKYL GLYCEROL TETRAETHERS, Environmental science, biomarker, peatland
Abstract

Glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) are membrane-spanning lipids from Bacteria and Archaea that are ubiquitous in a range of natural archives and especially abundant in peat. Previous work demonstrated that the distribution of bacterial branched GDGTs (brGDGTs) in mineral soils is correlated to environmental factors such as mean annual air temperature (MAAT) and soil pH. However, the influence of these parameters on brGDGT distributions in peat is largely unknown. Here we investigate the distribution of brGDGTs in 470 samples from 96 peatlands around the world with a broad mean annual air temperature (-8 to 27 degrees C) and pH (3-8) range and present the first peat-specific brGDGT-based temperature and pH calibrations. Our results demonstrate that the degree of cyclisation of brGDGTs in peat is positively correlated with pH, pH = 2.49 x CBTpeat + 8.07 (n = 51, R-2 = 0.58, RMSE = 0.8) and the degree of methylation of brGDGTs is positively correlated with MAAT, MAAT(peat) (degrees C) = 52.18 x MBT'(5me) - 23.05 (n = 96, R-2 = 0.76, RMSE = 4.7 degrees C). These peat-specific calibrations are distinct from the available mineral soil calibrations. In light of the error in the temperature calibration (similar to 4.7 degrees C), we urge caution in any application to reconstruct late Holocene climate variability, where the climatic signals are relatively small, and the duration of excursions could be brief. Instead, these proxies are well-suited to reconstruct large amplitude, longer-term shifts in climate such as deglacial transitions. Indeed, when applied to a peat deposit spanning the late glacial period (similar to 15.2 kyr), we demonstrate that MAAT(peat) yields absolute temperatures and relative temperature changes that are consistent with those from other proxies. In addition, the application of MAAT(peat) to fossil peat (i.e. lignites) has the potential to reconstruct terrestrial climate during the Cenozoic. We conclude that there is clear potential to use brGDGTs in peats and lignites to reconstruct past terrestrial climate. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Published
2017
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11. Exploiting granular electrical energy data and the challenges a utility company faces with an ageing asset base

Author

Gareth A. Taylor, Ioana Pisica, Louisa Whitehurst, and Alex D. L. Gray

Subjects
Energy, Process (engineering), Computer science, 020209 energy, Process design, Control Systems, 02 engineering and technology, Asset (computer security), Data Lifecycles, Sub-metering, Energy Investment Strategies, Risk analysis (engineering), SCADA, Work (electrical), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Water Utility, Regulators, Automatic Meter Reading, Retrofitting, Electric power, Automatic meter reading, Process Design
Abstract

Within the UK water industry, electrical energy demand, efficiency and sustainability are primary factors when considering the construction and installation of new electrical process plant. This stems from the environmental gains made in reducing electrical power consumption, and the cost saving benefits realised across an electrical assets lifecycle. The average life of electrical assets also varies greatly, and with the speed at which new technology is being developed, they also quickly become superseded. Additionally, the electrical data you can extract from newer assets has become more granular, for example a motor control centre will now provide fieldbus power monitors per pump, rather than a single CT/VT monitor on the incomer. This provides the ability to pinpoint areas where further efficiencies can be achieved and/or were certain devices are failing. Difficulties however, manifest when trying to understand how the older electrical assets of a process site are performing from an energy perspective. Further still. If these devices are not on the roadmap for replacement, then the potential for granular power data may not be realised for some time. On these sites, the site power is seen is a single unit of measure, in the MWh range, whereas it is now a requirement for device level readings as low as single figure kWh. Therefore, in order to achieve accurate results from the older assets, power monitoring equipment requires retrofitting. This paper will investigate the challenges involved in installing a sub-metering system across an existing, aging electrical asset base, where monitoring was not engineered within the original design. Further to this, it will discuss the obstacles faced when transferring data from site through to corporate historians and provide recommendations for future work.

Published
2017

12. S2 measurement of higher order mode content in low loss hypocycloid Kagomé hollow core photonic crystal fiber

Author

Thomas D. Bradley, Francesco Poletti, D. R. Gray, Marcelo Alonso, John R. Hayes, Seyed Reza Sandoghchi, Gregory T. Jasion, David J. Richardson, Marco N. Petrovich, Yong Chen, and Natalie V. Wheeler

Subjects
Mode volume, Materials science, Plastic-clad silica fiber, business.industry, 02 engineering and technology, Microstructured optical fiber, Hypocycloid, 01 natural sciences, Graded-index fiber, 010309 optics, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Dispersion-shifted fiber, Fiber, business, Photonic-crystal fiber
Abstract

We present the first detailed investigation of modal properties in hypocycloid Kagome fibers; even with an optimized input launch, higher order modes propagate over long fiber lengths, indicative that these modes have low attenuation.

Published
2016

13. High capacity, low latency data transmission using hollow core photonic bandgap fibers

Author

Yong Chen, Yongmin Jung, Naveen K. Baddela, Marco N. Petrovich, D. R. Gray, Francesco Poletti, Gregory T. Jasion, Thomas D. Bradley, Zhixin Liu, Seyed Reza Sandoghchi, David J. Richardson, Shaif-ul Alam, Natalie V. Wheeler, Radan Slavik, Eric Numkam Fokoua, and John R. Hayes

Subjects
All-silica fiber, Materials science, Optical fiber, business.industry, Plastic-clad silica fiber, 02 engineering and technology, Microstructured optical fiber, 01 natural sciences, Fiber-optic communication, law.invention, 010309 optics, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Optoelectronics, business, Plastic optical fiber, Photonic crystal, Photonic-crystal fiber
Abstract

We discuss our recent progress in hollow core-photonic bandgap fiber fabrication for high capacity transmission, focusing on two key areas: longitudinal uniformity and length upscaling as well as reviewing highlight results in data transmission.

Published
2016

14. A Standardised Modular Approach for Site SCADA Applications within a Water Utility

Author

Alex D. L. Gray, Ioana Pisica, Gareth A. Taylor, and Louisa Whitehurst

Subjects
regulators, Human Factors, Control Systems, water utility, Process, Common Information Model (CIM), Water Utility, Regulators, process, lcsh:Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, SCADA, Standardisation, lcsh:TK1-9971, control systems, human factors
Abstract

Any large water treatment/production utility that employs autonomous plant as part of its processes will utilize supervisory control and data acquisition systems. These systems will generally be isolated from each other and will exist solely to serve the site they control and visualize. More often, they are delivered and developed organically through cost driven maintenance regimes that prioritize on process risk rather than asset lifecycles. In some cases, this has led to variations in installed software and hardware applications, not only across a business enterprise, but also down to a site level. This is usually based on favored products at the time of supply, and in turn requires a broader range of engineering skills to maintain and update. The previous adoption of a “fit and forget”model has also led to large areas of unsupported computer assets within an organization that further introduces “data risk.”As regulatory bodies start to impose stricter compliance measures on the water industry, so to the suppliers become more reliant upon their process data. This paper presents how a water utility has employed a modular approach and has set to standardize its SCADA assets across all business sectors. It reviews the hardware the systems are installed on, the software applications used to deliver the integration, and discusses how the software devices have been modeled and tagged in search of a common information model. All in line with their respective field assets. It also discusses some of the human factors surrounding the replacement of control systems.

Published
2016

15. Optical side scattering radiometry for high resolution, wide dynamic range longitudinal assessment of optical fibers

Author

Marcelo Alonso, Nicholas H. L. Wong, Thomas D. Bradley, E. Numkam Fokoua, Francesco Poletti, John R. Hayes, Yong Chen, Seyed Reza Sandoghchi, Natalie V. Wheeler, Seyed Mohammad Abokhamis Mousavi, D. R. Gray, Gregory T. Jasion, Marco N. Petrovich, and David J. Richardson

Subjects
Materials science, Optical fiber, business.industry, Dynamic range, Single-mode optical fiber, Optical time-domain reflectometer, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, Optics, law, Wide dynamic range, Radiometry, Photonics, business, Image resolution
Abstract

Current optical reflectometric techniques used to characterize optical fibers have to trade-off longitudinal range with spatial resolution and therefore struggle to provide simultaneously wide dynamic range (>20dB) and high resolution (

Published
2015

16. The Eriosema cordatum Complex. I. The Eriosema populifolium Group

Author

C. H. Stirton and K. D. Gordon-Gray

Subjects
General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Abstract

The relationships among three species of Eriosema are discussed. E. distinctum N.E.Br. and E. populifolium Harv. are maintained as distinct from E. cordatum E. Mey. The relationships between these three species and extra-South African species of the E. cordatum complex are discussed in the light of new evidence.

Published
1978
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17. Notes on the genus Ficinia: F. pygmaea, F limosa. F clandestina and nine new taxa from the south-western Cape. South Africa

Author

T. H. Arnold and K. D. Gordon-Gray

Subjects
General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Abstract

Nine new taxa are described and a new combination is made in the genus Ficinia (Cyperaceae). An examination of F. pygmaea Boeck. and F. limosa Levyns leads to the conclusion that these two species are conspecific.F. clandestina (Steud.) Boeck., endemic to Ethiopia, is considered not to belong to Ficinia. Its true identity is unknown.

Published
1978
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18. Notes on the genus Ficinia (Cyperaceae): morphological variation within the section Bracteosae

Author

T. H. Arnold and K. D. Gordon-Gray

Subjects
General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Abstract

Generic limits of Ficinia are reviewed. Morphological variation within the section Bracteosae Pfeiff. of Ficinia Schrad. (Cyperaceae) is examined and discussed. Diagnostic characters previously in use in classification are reviewed together with a number of new characters. These have enabled the limits of many existing taxa to be refined, and have provided the basis for the establishment of a number of new taxa recently described. Characters examined include: underground organs, leaf sheaths and ligules, leaf blades, inflorescence structure, prophylls, styles, anthers, achenes, gynophores and inflorescence axes.

Published
1982
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19. Demonstration of amplified data transmission at 2 µm in a low-loss wide bandwidth hollow core photonic bandgap fiber

Author

Marco N. Petrovich, John O'Carroll, Naoise MacSuibhne, Natalie V. Wheeler, Martin Becker, Bera Palsdottir, J. P. Wooler, Francesca Parmigiani, Radan Slavik, Francesco Poletti, David J. Richardson, Richard Phelan, John R. Hayes, D. R. Gray, Naveen K. Baddela, Alexander M. Heidt, E. Numkam, Andrew D. Ellis, F. C. Garcia Gunning, Jian Zhao, Shaif-ul Alam, Brian Kelly, Periklis Petropoulos, Z. Li, and L Grűner-Nielsen

Subjects
Materials science, Optical fiber, Multi-mode optical fiber, business.industry, Polarization-maintaining optical fiber, 02 engineering and technology, Microstructured optical fiber, 01 natural sciences, Graded-index fiber, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, 010309 optics, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Dispersion-shifted fiber, business, Plastic optical fiber, Photonic-crystal fiber
Abstract

The first demonstration of a hollow core photonic bandgap fiber (HC-PBGF) suitable for high-rate data transmission in the 2 µm waveband is presented. The fiber has a record low loss for this wavelength region (4.5 dB/km at 1980 nm) and a >150 nm wide surface-mode-free transmission window at the center of the bandgap. Detailed analysis of the optical modes and their propagation along the fiber, carried out using a time-of-flight technique in conjunction with spatially and spectrally resolved (S2) imaging, provides clear evidence that the HC-PBGF can be operated as quasi-single mode even though it supports up to four mode groups. Through the use of a custom built Thulium doped fiber amplifier with gain bandwidth closely matched to the fiber's low loss window, error-free 8 Gbit/s transmission in an optically amplified data channel at 2008nm over 290m of 19 cell HC-PBGF is reported.

Published
2013

20. Psychoneuroimmunology-Based Stress Management during Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Early Breast Cancer

Author

Inez Tuck, Jeanne M. Walter, Nancy L. McCain, Ronald K. Elswick, D. Patricia Gray, and Jo Lynne W. Robins

Subjects
Stress management, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Article Subject, Psychological intervention, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Breast cancer, Randomized controlled trial, Quality of life, law, medicine, business.industry, Cancer, lcsh:Other systems of medicine, lcsh:RZ201-999, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Complementary and alternative medicine, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Physical therapy, business, Psychosocial, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Psychoneuroimmunology, Research Article
Abstract

Objective. In a randomized trial of women with early stage breast cancer undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy, two stress management interventions, tai chi training and spiritual growth groups, were compared to a usual care control group, to evaluate psychosocial functioning, quality of life (QOL), and biological markers thought to reflect cancer- and treatment-specific mechanisms.Method. The sample consisted of 145 women aged 27–75 years; 75% were Caucasian and 25% African American. A total of 109 participants completed the study, yielding a 75% retention rate. Grounded in a psychoneuroimmunology framework, the overarching hypothesis was that both interventions would reduce perceived stress, enhance QOL and psychosocial functioning, normalize levels of stress-related neuroendocrine mediators, and attenuate immunosuppression.Results. While interesting patterns were seen across the sample and over time, the interventions had no appreciable effects when delivered during the period of chemotherapy.Conclusions. Findings highlight the complex nature of biobehavioral interventions in relation to treatment trajectories and potential outcomes. Psychosocial interventions like these may lack sufficient power to overcome the psychosocial or physiological stress experiencedduring the chemotherapy treatment period. It may be that interventions requiring less activity and/or group attendance would have enhanced therapeutic effects, and more active interventions need to be tested prior to and following recovery from chemotherapy.

Published
2013

21. Transmitting data inside a hole: recent advances in hollow core photonic bandgap technology

Author

Vincent A. J. M. Sleiffer, Francesco Poletti, Natalie V. Wheeler, Marco N. Petrovich, John R. Hayes, Eric Numkam Fokoua, Maxim Kuschnerov, Yongmin Jung, J. P. Wooler, Shaif-ul Alam, David J. Richardson, Naveen K. Baddela, D. R. Gray, Seyed Reza Sandoghchi, and Electro-Optical Communication

Subjects
Hollow core, Materials science, Fabrication, business.industry, Physics::Optics, Nanotechnology, Microstructured optical fiber, Characterization (materials science), Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Optoelectronics, business, Photonic-crystal fiber, Photonic bandgap, Photonic crystal, Data transmission
Abstract

We review our recent progress in the fabrication, characterization, modeling and splicing of wide transmission bandwidth hollow core photonic bandgap fibers and discuss their modal properties and potential for data transmission.

Published
2013

22. Recent advances in photonic bandgap fiber technology

Author

Radan Slavik, Yongmin Jung, Shaif-ul Alam, John R. Hayes, Naveen K. Baddela, Seyed Reza Sandoghchi, Francesco Poletti, D. R. Gray, M. Kuschnerov, J. P. Wooler, E. Numkam Fokoua, David J. Richardson, Vincent A. J. M. Sleiffer, Marco N. Petrovich, Natalie V. Wheeler, and Electro-Optical Communication

Subjects
Fabrication, Materials science, business.industry, Physics::Optics, Microstructured optical fiber, Characterization (materials science), Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Optics, Modal, Optoelectronics, Fiber, business, Data transmission, Photonic-crystal fiber, Photonic crystal
Abstract

We review our recent progress in the fabrication, characterization, modeling and splicing of wide transmission bandwidth hollow core photonic bandgap fibers and discuss their modal properties and potential for data transmission.

Published
2013
Full Text
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23. Canadian Surgery Forum

Author

R, Fayez, M, Roy, S, Villeneuve, A, AlMuntashery, S, Demyttenaere, N, Christou, O, Court, G, Bodie, E, Bonrath, J, Hagen, A, Okrainec, P, Sullivan, T, Grantcharov, A, Almamar, A, Sharma, S, Karmali, D W, Birch, R S, Gill, S R, Majumdar, X, Wang, R, Tuepah, S W, Klarenbach, A M, Sharma, R J, Padwal, I, Raîche, C, Smith, F, Haggar, H, Moloo, E C, Poulin, G, Martel, J-D, Yelle, J, Mamazza, C L, Mueller, T D, Jackson, T, Penner, K, Pitzul, D R, Urbach, F, Moustarah, L, Biertho, F-S, Hould, S, Lebel, O, Lescelleur, S, Marceau, P, Marceau, S, Biron, M, Khokhotva, M, Anvari, S, Yusuf, J, Kwong, K B, Pitzul, T, Jackson, S, Elkassem, D, Lindsay, L, Smith, B, Zevin, N, Dedy, T P, Grantcharov, E M, Bonrath, R, Aggarwal, S, Sockalingam, S, Cassin, S, Crawford, A, Khan, R, Hawa, B, Brar, R, Dent, K A, Whitlock, T, Ali, X, Shi, K, Sarkhosh, M, Suri, J M, Turner, P N, Nation, P, Wizzard, P L, Brubaker, D L, Gisalet, P W, Wales, V N, Palter, E, Wakeam, H, Tien, F, Spencer, F, Brenneman, R S A, Khan, J, Kowal, S M, Wiseman, V, Martelli, S A, Fraser, I, Vedel, M, Deban, C, Holcroft, M, Monette, J, Monette, S, Bergman, A, Malik, C, Bell, T, Stukel, P Y, Young, T F, Mueller, V A, Lucykx, C M, Lukowski, C A, Compston, T A, Churchill, R G, Khadaroo, C, Daigle, G, McCreery, K, Vogt, L, Dubois, D, Gray, R, Seth, A, Ananth, L-H, Tai, T, Lam, T, Falls, C, Souza, J, Bell, R, Auer, D, Paskar, N, Parry, K, Leslie, M, Sudarshan, M, Alhabboubi, E, St-Louis, D, Deckelbaum, T, Razek, L S, Feldman, K, Khwaja, D, Richardson, G, Porter, P, Johnson, R, Boushey, I, Raiche, V W, Davis, D E, Schiller, D, Eurich, M B, Sawyer, J, Rivard, A, Vergis, B, Unger, K, Hardy, C, Andrew, L, Gillman, J, Park, J, Agzarian, J, Prodger, W, Kelly, S, Kelly, D, Prodger, J, Racz, E, Ewara, J, Martin, S, Sarma, M, Chu, C, Schlachta, G, Zaric, J, Winocour, K, Al-Ali, K, Briggs, R, George, N R, Zilbert, M L, Murnaghan, A, Leung, G, Regehr, C-A, Moulton, C, Decker, K, Neumann, S, Mahmud, J, Metcalfe, A, McKay, D, Hochman, J E, Gosney, F M, Burkle, A D, Redmond, K, McQueen, H, Wissanji, E, Desrosiers, A, Gilbert, S A, Chadi, M C, Ott, S, Jessula, A, Alburakan, S, Iqbal, E, Partridge, C, Aikins, M, Olszewski, N, Roberts, T, Cil, R, Chan, J, Marshall, K, Pederson, S, Erichsen, J, White, A, Nadler, M-A, Aarts, J C, Victor, E, Pearsall, R S, McLeod, U, Hameed, T P, Penner, H, Brotherhood, A, Karimuddin, C, Hall, S, Bawan, S, Malik, A, Hayashi, A S, Menezes, C, McAlister, N, Zhang, Emilie, DesRosiers, A, Mills, M, Crozier, L, Lee, J, Maxwell, S, Chad, S, Steigerwald, D, Mapiour, D, Roberts, C, MacPherson, L, Donahoe, B, MacDonald, D, Mercer, W, Hopman, G, Rakovich, J-F, Latulippe, R, Hilsden, S, Knowles, B, Moffat, S, Merani, N, Switzer, Y, Tul, S, Widder, P, Davis, M, Molinari, A, Levy, P J B, Davis, J, Bailey, J, Hayden, J, Cools-Lartigue, S, Benlolo, V, Marcus, L, Ferri, J, Ojah, R, Finley, D, Anderson, F, Julien, J-P, Gagné, D, Carter, S, Chan, S, Wong, J, Li, A, Michael, D, Choi, E, Liu, J, Hoogenes, D, Dath, D, Pitt, J-M, Aubin, B A, Banks, D, Mew, Y, McConnell, A, Rudovics, D, Classen, S, Kanthan, P, Ravichandran, K P, Croome, M J, Kovacs, A, Lazo-Langner, R, Hernandez-Alejandro, R, Anantha, I, Aad, R, Kholdebarin, N, Khoshgoo, B M, Iwasiow, R, Keijzer, L N F, Aird, C J, Brown, S L, Wong, D, Isa, D, Pace, J R M, Payne, M, Primrose, D, Hudson, J, Hallet, F, Lauzier, O, Mailloux, V, Trottier, P, ARchambault, R, Zarychanski, A F, Turgeon, L, Farries, P, Hardy, R M, Muirhead, J, Masters, H Moloo E C, Poulin, C, Botkin, C, Milbrandt, D, Morency, L, Sideris, P, Grenier-Vallée, P, Dubé, D, Berger-Richardson, Y, Kurashima, P, Kaneva, G M, Fried, M C, Vassiliou, A D, Isa, A H-L, Kwan, I, Dupuis, M, Schweigert, N, Solymosi, N, Rauh, A, Dubecz, M, Renz, D, Ofner, H J, Stein, S, Koubi, M, Borgaonkar, M, Ernjakovic, P, Crystal, A, Easson, J, Escallon, M, Reedijk, W L, Leong, D R, McCready, K, Grant, J, Clifton, J, Mayo, M, Noreau-Nguyen, D S, Mulder, L E, Ferri, P, Carrott, S, Markar, J, Hong, D E, Low, T, Stafford, A, Maslow, K, Davignon, T, Ng, R, Malthaner, L, Tan, J, Aruranian, S, Kosa, W C, Hanna, G, Murphy, F, Allison, H, Moshonov, G E, Darling, T K, Waddell, M, De Perrot, M, Cypel, K, Yasufuku, S, Keshavjee, N S, Paul, A F, Pierre, G, Darling, C, Pedneault, D, Low, R, Razzak, W, Roa, R, Löbenberg, S, McEwan, E L, Bédard, S C, Bharadwaj, B E, Louie, A S, Farivar, S P, McHugh, R W, Aye, A S, Ashrafi, C, Tan-Tam, M, De Vera, R J, Bond, S R, Ong, B, Johal, D, Schellenberg, M, Po, S, Nissar, C, Lund, S Y, Ahmadi, D, Ouellette, N, Wakil, G, Beauchamps, S, Preston, C, Baker, D A, Bottoni, G, Campbell, R A, Malthaner, C, Knickle, D, Bethune, H, Henteleff, M, Johnston, G, Buduhan, S, Coughlin, H Emmerton, Coughlin, L, Roth, M, Bhandari, S, Gazala, J, Johnson, J, Kutsogiannis, E, Bédard, K, Rammohan, K, Stewart, K, Walker, J, Gruchy, Z, Xu, C, Li, A, Ncuti, A, Neville, D, Watson, M, Vassiliou, F, Carli, S, Alnasser, R, Av, S, Mayrand, E, Franco, R J, Stadlhuber, L, Thumfart, A, Zhuruk, K, Croome, R, Leeper, R, Hernandez, A, Hanouf, S, Livingstone, J, Sapp, D, Woodhall, I, Alwayn, T, Vanounou, P, Karanicolas, J, Lam-McCulloch, F, Balaa, S, Jayaraman, D, Quan, A, Wei, G, Guyatt, J F, Rekman, R J, Fairfull-Smith, R, Mimeault, F K, Balaa, J C, Yeung, M S, Boehnert, F, Bazerbachi, J M, Knaak, Nazia, Selzner, I D, McGilvray, O D, Rotstein, O A, Adeyi, G A, Levy, D R, Grant, M, Selzner, S, Dumitra, J Abou, Khalil, M, Jamal, P, Chaudhury, G, Zogopoulos, P, Petrakos, J, Tchervenkov, J, Barkun, E, Simoneau, M H, Jamal, M, Hassanain, A, Salman, T, Tran, P, Metrakos, T T, Vanounou, R T, Groeschl, D A, Geller, J W, Marsh, T C, Gamblin, B, Howe, J, Hawel, J-H, Jang, P T W, Kim, P D, Greig, S, Gallinger, A C, Wei, S E, Fischer, S P, Cleary, K, Bertens, K N, Vogt, D K, Gray, J M, Aubin, J J, Fairfull-Smith, K S, Devitt, A, Ramjaun, S, Gallingher, S, Alabbad, D, Constantinos, M, Hassanein, S, Paraskevas, J-F, Ouellet, D, Tanyingoh, E, Dixon, G G, Kaplan, R P, Myers, T J, Howard, F R, Sutherland, N J, Zyromski, C G, Ball, N, Coburn, C H, Law, P, Greig, G, Steven, A, Covelli, N, Baxter, M, Fitch, F, Wright, R, Maniar, D J, Hochman, D A, Wirtzfeld, C S, Yaffe, B, Yip, R, Silverman, S, Sun, Y J, McConnell, W J, Temple, L A, Mack, O F, Bathe, M, Brackstone, L, Scott, T, Vandenberg, F, Perera, K, Potvin, A, Chambers, R, Boissonneault, R, Loungnarath, É, DeBroux, S, Lavertu, D, Donath, J-P, Ayoub, M, Tehfé, C, Richard, S H H, Kim, S D, Cornacchi, B, Heller, F, Farrokhyar, M, Babra, P J, Lovrics, C, Baliski, C, Liberto, S, Ghosh, R, McLean, D, Schiller, J, Duplisea, S, Wexler, A, Arnaout, J, Seely, J, Smylie, K, Knight, S, Robertson, J, Watters, D, Wedman, T, Zhang, A, Arneout, M, Nostedt, D, Wirtzfeld, P, Hebbard, L, Yun, E, Rakovitch, E, Warner, D, McCready, N, Hodgson, M L, Quan, S J, Shetty, B, Natarajan, V, Govindarajan, P, Thomas, B W, Loggie, M, Dixon, S, Brar, A, Mahar, C, Law, M, Wiebe, N N, Baxter, A R, Gagliardi, E D, Kennedy, K, Kazazian, F, Zih, C, Rosario, J, Dennis, A-C, Gingras, C, Swallow, M, Lemke, Y-J, Ko, C, Rowsell, C H L, Law, B, Wells, R, Saskin, M-L, Quan, R P, Musselman, M, Xie, K, McLaughlin, C, Marginean, T N, Moyana, R P, Boushey, R C, Auer, F Si Wai, Zih, R, Razik, E, Haase, A, Mathieson, A J, Smith, C J, Swallow, A, Barnes, A S, Scheer, E, Sabri, R A C, Auer, M, Nassif, K, Reidel, N, Trabulsi, S, Meterissian, R, Tamblyn, N, Mayo, A N, Meguerditchian, M, Leon-Carlyle, J A, Brown, J, Hamm, P T, Phang, M J, Raval, B, Taylor, S, Krotneva, A, Meguerditchian, N L, Bradley, J D, Hamm, L, Patakfalvi, R, Turcotte, A, Nichols, K E, Riedel, N E, Winslade, J-P, Grégoire, M, Abrahamovicz, A, Megueerditchian, L, Chin-Lenn, J, Pasieka, H, Cheng, C, McMillan, J, Lipa, L, Snell, A M, Petrucci, L, Sandhu, G, Tomlinson, A S, Liberman, P, Charlebois, B, Stein, G, Capretti, A, Power, B, Augustin, A, Gamsa, D-J, Kim, L, Feldman, I, Yang, K Lobo, Prabhu, L, Vu, A, Gown, S, Jones, S, Wiseman, G, Melich, D Hyoun, Jeong, H, Hur, S Hyuk, Baik, N Kyu, Kim, J, Faria, B Soh, Min, K, Lumb, P, Colquhoun, A M, Borowiec, S, Schmocker, H, Huang, M K, Krzyzanowska, J, Brierley, H, Milot, A, Lebrun, S, Drolet, A, Bouchard, R C, Grégoire, T, Vuong, E, DeBroux, N O, Kolozsvari, S, Liberman, P, Tuttle, R, Powell, A, Fowler, L, VanHouwelingen, K, Martin, G, Pereira, K, Einarsdottir, C, Boulanger-Gobeil, J P, Gagné, C, Thibault, P, Bouchard, B P, Chan, T, Gomes, M, Mamdani, M, Al-Omran, O, AlObeed, J B P, Armstrong, D A, Fergusson, A J, Forster, Tara, Gomes, O, Al-Obaid, D Ro, Lim, P H, Gordon, A, Lo, I, Pinsk, C, Brown, M, Raval, L J, Goldstein, C, Wen, C, Wong, N, Johnston, W, Stephen, L, Lindsay, S, Forbes, and N G, Parry

Subjects
Abstracts
Published
2010

24. Letter

Author

R. Pugno, R.A. Moyer, G. Antar, Sergei Krasheninnikov, D. S. Gray, and P.B. Snyder

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Toroid, Tokamak, Condensed matter physics, Oscillation, Phase (waves), Type (model theory), Edge (geometry), Condensed Matter Physics, Instability, Ballooning, law.invention, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, Atomic physics
Abstract

The onset of type I edge localized modes (ELMs) is investigated on the DIII-D tokamak. A fast imaging camera is used with an integration time of 1 µs and a time between frames of about 15 µs continuously recording for a period of 1.3 s. It is observed that type I ELMs onset starts with a precursor oscillation at the mid-plane caused by a toroidally rotating localized structure with a spatial scale increasing with time. This is confirmed by the toroidal set of magnetic probes and continues until the filamentary structure(s) strongly interacts with the first wall at the outer mid-plane. This triggers a strong plasma–wall interaction that later spreads to affect the whole scrape-off layer. The properties of the observed localized structure(s) are in good agreement with the ballooning finger structure occurring in the early non-linear phase of the peeling–ballooning instability.

Published
2009

25. A Randomized Clinical Trial of Alternative Stress Management Interventions in Persons With HIV Infection

Author

Jessica M. Ketchum, Jeanne M. Walter, Sarah M. Rausch, D. Patricia Gray, JoLynne Robins, Ronald K. Elswick, Inez Tuck, and Nancy L. McCain

Subjects
Adult, Male, Stress management, medicine.medical_specialty, Coping (psychology), Psychotherapist, medicine.medical_treatment, Psychological intervention, HIV Infections, Relaxation Therapy, Article, law.invention, Spiritual Therapies, Randomized controlled trial, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), law, Internal medicine, Medicine, Humans, business.industry, Repeated measures design, Psychoneuroimmunology, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Cognitive therapy, Female, Tai Ji, business, Psychosocial, Stress, Psychological
Abstract

Research in psychoneuroimmunology suggests that immunosuppression associated with perceived stress may contribute to disease progression in persons with HIV infection. While stress management interventions may enhance immune function, few alternative approaches have yet been tested. This randomized clinical trial was conducted to test effects of three 10-week stress management approaches--cognitive-behavioral relaxation training (RLXN), focused tai chi training (TCHI), and spiritual growth groups (SPRT)--in comparison to a wait-listed control group (CTRL) among 252 individuals with HIV infection. Using repeated measures mixed modeling, the authors found that in comparison to the CTRL group, (a) both the RLXN and TCHI groups used less emotion-focused coping, and (b) all treatment groups had augmented lymphocyte proliferative function. Despite modest effects of the interventions on psychosocial functioning, robust findings of improved immune function have important clinical implications, particularly for persons with immune-mediated illnesses.

Published
2008

26. The role of volatile organic compounds in the polluted urban atmosphere of Bristol, UK

Author

A. C. Rivett, D. Martin, D. J. Gray, C. S. Price, G. Nickless, P. G. Simmonds, S. J. O’Doherty, B. R. Greally, A. Knights, D. E. Shallcross, and EGU, Publication

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere
Abstract

The results of a field campaign carried out from early spring through to the late summer of 2000, in Bristol, England, are presented. Continuous measurements of over 40 hydrocarbons have been made at an urban background site, located at Bristol University, for approximately nine months using a GC-FID system and for a selection of halocarbons for approximately one month using a GC-ECD system. In this paper we present the time-series of the nine halocarbons and selected hydrocarbons. Daytime and night-time hydroxyl radical concentrations have been estimated based on the diurnal variations of a selection of the measured hydrocarbons. The average summer daytime concentration of OH was found to be 2.5×106 molecules cm?3 and the night-time concentration to be in the range 104 to 105 molecules cm?3. In addition, the role played by certain VOCs in the formation of ozone is assessed using the POCP (Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential) concept.

Published
2003

28. OPTIMIZING AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION OF GRAPEVINE.

Author

Z. T. LI, S. DHEKNEY, M. DUTT, M. VAN AMAN, J. TATTERSALL, K. T. KELLEY, and D. J. GRAY

Abstract

A translational fusion between the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and neomycin phosphotransferase (NPTII) genes was used to optimize parameters influencing Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Thompson Seedless. The corresponding bifunctional protein produced from this EGFP/NPTII fusion gene allowed for a single promoter to drive expression of both green fluorescence and kanamycin resistance, thus conserving promoter resources and eliminating potential promoter–promoter interactions. The fusion gene, driven by either a double cauliflower mosaic virus 35S (CaMV 35S) promoter or a double cassava vein mosaic virus (CsVMV) promoter, was immobilized into Agrobacterium strain EHA 105. Somatic embryos capable of direct secondary embryogenesis were used as target tissues to recover transgenic plants. Simultaneous visualization of GFP fluorescence and kanamycin selection of transgenic cells, tissues, somatic embryos, and plants were achieved. GFP expression and recovery of embryogenic culture lines were used as indicators to optimize transformation parameters. Preculturing of somatic embryos for 7 d on fresh medium prior to transformation minimized Agrobacterium-induced tissue browning/necrosis. Alternatively, browning/necrosis was reduced by adding 1 g l−1 of the antioxidant dithiothreitol (DTT) to post co-cultivation wash media. While combining preculture with antioxidant treatments did not result in a synergistic improvement in response, either treatment resulted in recovery of more stable embryogenic lines than did the control. A 48 h co-cultivation period combined with 75 mg l−1 kanamycin in selection medium was optimal. DNA analysis confirmed stable integration of transgenes into the grape genome; 63% had single gene insertions, 27% had two inserts, and 7 and 3% had three and four inserts, respectively. Utilizing optimized procedures, over 1400 stable independent transgenic embryogenic culture lines were obtained, of which 795 developed into whole plants. Transgenic grapevines have exhibited normal vegetative morphology and stable transgene expression for over 5 yr. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006

29. LOW TEMPERATURE STORAGE OF SUSPENSION CULTURE-DERIVED GRAPEVINE SOMATIC EMBRYOS AND REGENERATION OF PLANTS.

Author

S. JAYASANKAR, M. VAN AMAN, J. CORDTS, S. DHEKNEY, Z. T. LI, and D. J. GRAY

Abstract

A method of clonal germplasm preservation utilizing dehydrated somatic embryos and cool temperature storage conditions was demonstrated. Somatic embryos of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) Autumn Seedless and Chardonnay were produced from suspension cultures. After washing twice with sterile water, mature somatic embryos were blot-dried and placed on sterile filter paper in an open Petri dish in a laminar flow hood until they reached about 25% of their initial weight. Approximately 300 dried embryos were placed in each sterile 90×15 mm Petri dish, which was tightly sealed with two layers of ParafilmTM. Sealed dishes were stored in the dark at 4°C in a standard refrigerator. Samples of 25–60 individual dehydrated somatic embryos were periodically tested for viability by placing them on solidified MS medium for germination and plant regeneration. After 42 mo. of dehydrated storage, 90% of the somatic embryos regenerated into plants. To further test utility of this storage method, dehydrated embryos stored for 12 and 26 mo. were shipped from Florida to Washington where 75 and 87.5% regenerated into plants, respectively. Cool temperature storage of dehydrated somatic embryos is a simple and inexpensive method of clonal germplasm preservation when compared to alternatives such as cryopreservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2005

32. The closed eyes sign: an aid to diagnosing non-specific abdominal pain

Author

D. W. Gray, J. M. Dixon, and J. Collin

Subjects
Adult, Male, Abdominal pain, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Pain, Eye, Text mining, Non specific, Abdomen, Medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Child, General Environmental Science, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Palpation, business.industry, General Engineering, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Surgery, Closed eyes, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Female, medicine.symptom, business, Sign (mathematics), Research Article
Published
1988

33. Circulatory and osmoregulatory effects of angiotensin II perfusion of the third ventricle in a bird with salt glands

Author

Rüdiger Gerstberger, Eckhart Simon, and D. A. Gray

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Physiology, medicine.medical_treatment, Kidney, Antibodies, Cerebral Ventricles, Salt Gland, Vasotocin, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Saline, Salt gland, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Chemistry, Angiotensin II, Hemodynamics, Water-Electrolyte Balance, Peptide Fragments, Perfusion, Endocrinology, Ducks, Renal physiology, Circulatory system, Urine osmolality, Female, Homeostasis, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, Antidiuretic, Research Article
Abstract

In Pekin ducks adapted to salt water, 1Asp - 5Val -angiotensin II, 1Asp - 5Ile -angiotensin II and 1Asp - 5Ile -tetradecapeptide were applied intracerebroventricularly (I.C.V.) during steady-state conditions evoked by continuous intravenous loading with 200 mosmol kg-1 saline. Each of the angiotensin II (AII) analogues caused a dose-dependent antidiuresis with a concomitant rise in urine osmolality and electrolyte concentration. Antidiuresis was linearly correlated with plasma arginine vasotocin (AVT). The elevation of plasma AVT occurred rapidly during I.C.V. stimulation with AII and declined exponentially to the pre-stimulation level. Under conditions of salt loading with 1000 mosmol kg-1 saline in which the ducks excreted the salt and water by their supraorbital salt glands, AII applied I.C.V. in a concentration of 1 nmol ml-1, inhibited the NaCl excretion via the salt glands. Arterial blood pressure and heart rate increased after I.C.V. microperfusion with 1 nmol ml-1 AII. This was not due to leakage of I.C.V. AII into the circulation because systemic application of AII required a 100-fold higher dose to elicit similar effects. Respiration rate remained constant. Systemically applied AVT which produced plasma levels similar to, or greater than, those caused by centrally acting AII resulted in the same antidiuretic responses but did not mimic the circulatory effects of I.C.V. AII. Specific AVT antiserum, injected intravenously, totally suppressed the renal response to I.C.V. AII and reduced the rise in blood pressure and heart rate by more than 50%. The anterior part of the third ventricle was more sensitive than the posterior part in eliciting the antidiuretic responses to I.C.V. applied AII. The particular combination of effects on renal excretion, salt gland secretion and cardiovascular function of centrally applied AII in the duck supports the idea that AII plays a major role as a central modulator of volume homeostasis.

Published
1984

34. Organising preventive medicine

Author

D J Gray

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Adolescent, Alternative medicine, Health Promotion, Medical Records, medicine, Humans, Child, General Environmental Science, Preventive healthcare, Physician-Patient Relations, business.industry, Medical record, General Engineering, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Health promotion, England, Family medicine, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Female, Preventive Medicine, business, Family Practice, Research Article
Published
1982

35. Geothermal exploration at Southampton in the UK : a case study of a low enthalpy resource

Author

I. F. Smith, M Price, R. A. Downing, David Allen, J. A. Barker, WG Burgess, and D. A. Gray

Subjects
Hydrology, Pressure reduction, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, Geothermal energy, Enthalpy, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, 02 engineering and technology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Geothermal exploration, Permeability (earth sciences), Fuel Technology, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Reservoir pressure, Computer modelling, 021108 energy, Petrology, business, Geothermal gradient, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Two geothermal wells have been drilled in or near Southampton since 1979. One is at Marchwood, just outside Southampton, and the other is in the centre of the city; the wells are 1.85 km apart. They proved a geothermal reservoir in the upper 25 to 40 m of the Triassic Sherwood Sandstone at a depth of about 1700 m. The reasons for siting the wells in Southampton are discussed and the nature of the reservoir described. The wells have been extensively tested. The Marchwood well yielded 30 ls−1 for a pressure reduction of 3.7 MNm−2 after a test of 33 days, while the Western Esplanade well gave 20 ls−1 for about 3.0 MNm−2. Both yielded brine with a salinity of over 100 g l−1 at a well-head temperature of between 70 and 74°C. The transmissivity of the reservoir is 6 m2/d (3.5 D.m) and the storage coefficient 4 × 10−5. Computer modelling of changes in reservoir pressure suggests that near the wells there is a region of relatively high permeability but the permeability declines at distances of more than a few kilometres from the wells. This could take one of several forms including a bounded reservoir or a narrow wedge-shaped reservoir. The thermal yield from either well at an abstraction rate of 20 ls−1 would be about 3 MW.

Published
1984

36. Chest pain and cardiac arrest

Author

D W Gray, J M Rawles, and D E Fraser

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, General Engineering, General Medicine, Bioinformatics, Chest pain, Text mining, Correspondence, medicine, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, medicine.symptom, Intensive care medicine, business, General Environmental Science
Published
1981

37. ATYPICAL ENTERIC INFECTIONS: A REPORT OF FOUR CASES

Author

J. D. A. Gray

Subjects
World Wide Web, Text mining, business.industry, Computer science, General Engineering, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, General Medicine, Articles, business, Data science, General Environmental Science
Published
1930

39. A Comparison of Cultural Methods for Routine Diphtheria Diagnosis

Author

Doris M. Stone and J. D. Alan Gray

Subjects
business.industry, Diphtheria, General Engineering, medicine, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Virulence, Addresses and Papers, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Bioinformatics, business, General Environmental Science
Published
1936

40. NanoJ: a high-performance open-source super-resolution microscopy toolbox.

Author

Romain F Laine, Kalina L Tosheva, Nils Gustafsson, Robert D M Gray, Pedro Almada, David Albrecht, Gabriel T Risa, Fredrik Hurtig, Ann-Christin Lindås, Buzz Baum, Jason Mercer, Christophe Leterrier, Pedro M Pereira, Siân Culley, and Ricardo Henriques

Subjects
MICROSCOPY, IMAGE analysis, IMAGE reconstruction
Abstract

Super-resolution microscopy (SRM) has become essential for the study of nanoscale biological processes. This type of imaging often requires the use of specialised image analysis tools to process a large volume of recorded data and extract quantitative information. In recent years, our team has built an open-source image analysis framework for SRM designed to combine high performance and ease of use. We named it NanoJ—a reference to the popular ImageJ software it was developed for. In this paper, we highlight the current capabilities of NanoJ for several essential processing steps: spatio-temporal alignment of raw data (NanoJ-Core), super-resolution image reconstruction (NanoJ-SRRF), image quality assessment (NanoJ-SQUIRREL), structural modelling (NanoJ-VirusMapper) and control of the sample environment (NanoJ-Fluidics). We expect to expand NanoJ in the future through the development of new tools designed to improve quantitative data analysis and measure the reliability of fluorescent microscopy studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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41. Use of self-actuating and self-sensing cantilevers for imaging biological samples in fluid.

Author

G E Fantner, W Schumann, R J Barbero, A Deutschinger, V Todorov, D S Gray, A M Belcher, I W Rangelow, and K Youcef

Subjects
ATOMIC force microscopy, IMAGING systems in biology, CANTILEVERS, MICROACTUATORS, WHEATSTONE bridge, MINIATURE electronic equipment
Abstract

In this paper, we present a detailed investigation into the suitability of atomic force microscopy (AFM) cantilevers with integrated deflection sensor and micro-actuator for imaging of soft biological samples in fluid. The Si cantilevers are actuated using a micro-heater at the bottom end of the cantilever. Sensing is achieved through p-doped resistors connected in a Wheatstone bridge. We investigated the influence of the water on the cantilever dynamics, the actuation and the sensing mechanisms, as well as the crosstalk between sensing and actuation. Successful imaging of yeast cells in water using the integrated sensor and actuator shows the potential of the combination of this actuation and sensing method. This constitutes a major step towards the automation and miniaturization required to establish AFM in routine biomedical diagnostics and in vivo applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009
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42. Assessment of platelet inhibition secondary to clopidogrel and aspirin therapy in preoperative acute surgical patients measured by Thrombelastography(R) Platelet MappingTM.

Author

T. C. Collyer, D. J. Gray, R. Sandhu, J. Berridge, and G. Lyons

Subjects
*THROMBELASTOGRAPHY, *ANTICOAGULANTS, *ASPIRIN, *BLOOD platelet receptors, *ELECTIVE surgery, *PREOPERATIVE care, *CONTROL groups
Abstract

Background Increasing numbers of patients prescribed clopidogrel and aspirin are presenting for non-elective surgery. No consensus on the timing of surgery exists after withdrawal of antiplatelet and tests of platelet function are not routinely available. The Thrombelastography® Platelet Mapping™ (TEG-PM) assay is designed to assess platelet inhibition secondary to antiplatelet therapy. We assessed its ability to detect platelet inhibition in preoperative acute surgical patients. Methods We conducted a prospective observational study in three groups of preoperative patients: those taking clopidogrel or aspirin up to admission, and a control group. TEG-PM was performed on the day of admission and alternate days until surgery. Results Mean (sd) platelet thromboxane A2 receptor inhibition in the control group was 17.5% (23.8) (n=20), 52.6% (32.3) (n=18) in the aspirin group, and 31.9% (27.6) (n=21) in the clopidogrel group (Psd) platelet adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor inhibition in the control group was 47.8% (18.9) (n=20), 52.6% (19.7) (n=18) in the aspirin group, and 71.5% (18.4) (n=21) in the clopidogrel group (Pn=11), 48.8% (24.4) (n=4) on day 5, and 36.1% (15.9) (n=2) on day 7 (P=0.57). Conclusions TEG-PM can identify statistically significant platelet inhibition after antiplatelet therapy; however, the overlap in platelet receptor inhibition between the three groups is likely to limit the clinical usefulness of this test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009
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44. Flavor-Food Interactions

Author

ROBERT J. MCGORRIN, JANE V. LELAND, Derek G. Land, L. C. Hatchwell, Ernst Graf, Kris B. de Roos, J. Bakker, D. J. Mela, L. J. Farmer, Timothy E. O'Neill, A. P. Hansen, D. C. Booker, N. Boudaud, J.-P. Dumont, James Carr, David Baloga, Jean-Xavier Guinard, Louise Lawter, Cecile Marty, Cordelia Squire, M. Y. M. Hau, D. A. Gray, A. J. Taylor, Elisabeth Guichard, D. Eric Walters, Glenn Roy, J.-P. Schirle-Keller, G. A. Reineccius, Phillip T. DeLassus, Norbert Fischer, Tony van Eijk, Deborah D. Roberts, Terry E. Acree, John Brahms, James Masters, John Labows, Michael Prencipe, Conor M. Delahunty, John R. Piggott, John M. Conner, Alistair Paterson, C. Dubois, M. Sergent, A. Voilley, ROBERT J. MCGORRIN, JANE V. LELAND, Derek G. Land, L. C. Hatchwell, Ernst Graf, Kris B. de Roos, J. Bakker, D. J. Mela, L. J. Farmer, Timothy E. O'Neill, A. P. Hansen, D. C. Booker, N. Boudaud, J.-P. Dumont, James Carr, David Baloga, Jean-Xavier Guinard, Louise Lawter, Cecile Marty, Cordelia Squire, M. Y. M. Hau, D. A. Gray, A. J. Taylor, Elisabeth Guichard, D. Eric Walters, Glenn Roy, J.-P. Schirle-Keller, G. A. Reineccius, Phillip T. DeLassus, Norbert Fischer, Tony van Eijk, Deborah D. Roberts, Terry E. Acree, John Brahms, James Masters, John Labows, Michael Prencipe, Conor M. Delahunty, John R. Piggott, John M. Conner, Alistair Paterson, C. Dubois, M. Sergent, and A. Voilley

Subjects
Flavor--Congresses
Published
1996

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