1. The lipid biology of sepsis
- Author
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David A. Ford, Daniel P. Pike, and Kaushalya Amunugama
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,SIRS, systemic inflammatory response syndrome ,TXB2, thromboxane B2 ,ARDS ,LPCAT, lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase ,HOCl, hypochlorous acid ,MPO, myeloperoxidase ,AA, arachidonic acid ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Bioinformatics ,Biochemistry ,Pathogenesis ,TPPU, N-[1-(1-oxopropyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N′-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-urea ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,PC, phosphatidylcholine ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,AEA, N-arachidonoylethanolamine ,prognostics ,lipid metabolism ,DHET, dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid ,LOX, lipoxygenase ,2-ClSA, 2-chlorostearic acid ,ATX, autotaxin ,cys-LTs, cysteinyl leukotrienes ,Rv, resolvin ,TG, triglycerides ,CLP, cecal ligation puncture ,Lipids ,SPMs, specialized pro-resolving mediators ,2-ClFALD, 2-chlorofatty aldehyde ,LPS, lipopolysaccharide ,RvE1-RvE3, E series resolvins ,sPLA2, secretory phospholipase A2 ,medicine.symptom ,Resolvin ,LPA, lysophosphatidic acid ,bioactive lipids ,CEPT, cholesteryl ester transfer ,rHDL, recombinant HDL ,LTB4, leukotriene B4 ,RvT1-RvT4, T series resolvins ,Inflammation ,Cer, ceramide ,CS, cecal slurry ,QD415-436 ,Biology ,fatty acids ,TLR, Toll-like receptors ,Sepsis ,03 medical and health sciences ,2-ClFA, 2-chlorofatty acid ,medicine ,energy imbalance ,Humans ,cPLA2, cytosolic PLA2 ,PAF, platelet-activating factor ,ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome ,RvD1-RvD6, D series resolvins ,DPA, docosapentaenoic acid ,S1P, sphingosine-1-phosphate ,2-ClPA, 2- chloropalmitic acid ,LPC, lysophosphatidylcholine ,Organ dysfunction ,PLA2, phospholipase A2 ,EET, epoxy-eicosatrienoic acid ,cholesterol ,biomarkers ,resolution ,Lipid metabolism ,Thematic Review Series ,Cell Biology ,Sphk, sphingosine kinase ,SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment ,medicine.disease ,sEH, soluble epoxide hydrolase ,Systemic inflammatory response syndrome ,COX, cyclooxygenase ,TC, total cholesterol ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,LTA, lipotechoic acid ,inflammation ,10S,17S- diHDHA, 10(S),17(S) dihydroxy docosahexaenoic acid ,sepsis pathogenesis ,CYP450, cytochrome P450 ,PCSK9, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 ,2-AG, 2-Arachidonoylglycerol - Abstract
Sepsis, defined as the dysregulated immune response to an infection leading to organ dysfunction, is one of the leading causes of mortality around the globe. Despite the significant progress in delineating the underlying mechanisms of sepsis pathogenesis, there are currently no effective treatments or specific diagnostic biomarkers in the clinical setting. The perturbation of cell signaling mechanisms, inadequate inflammation resolution, and energy imbalance, all of which are altered during sepsis, are also known to lead to defective lipid metabolism. The use of lipids as biomarkers with high specificity and sensitivity may aid in early diagnosis and guide clinical decision making. In addition, identifying the link between specific lipid signatures and their role in sepsis pathology may lead to novel therapeutics. In this review, we discuss the recent evidence on dysregulated lipid metabolism both in experimental and human sepsis focused on bioactive lipids, fatty acids, and cholesterol as well as the enzymes regulating their levels during sepsis. We highlight not only their potential roles in sepsis pathogenesis but also the possibility of using these respective lipid compounds as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of sepsis., Graphical abstract
- Published
- 2021