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In this paper, we developed a SIRV epidemic model based on a vaccination game, incorporating vaccination dynamics and data memory effects using the Caputo fractional derivative. This approach effectively captured the nonlocal and power-law characteristics of influenza transmission. We confirmed the model's biological well-posedness, proved the uniqueness and existence of solutions, and analyzed stability. Furthermore, we established global Ulam-Hyers stability. The results showed that the epidemic incidence depended on the number of reproductions in the system. Through the Grünwald-Letnikov method, we developed the numerical simulations. We validated our theoretical findings and provided insights into the impact of vaccination on influenza progression. Our simulations revealed that strategic vaccination decisions were influenced by individual perceptions of the benefits and costs to achieving control of the influenza disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myxomycete communities in Taxodium distichum forests and the influence of substrates and seasons on myxomycete diversity were studied. In total, 80 substrates (40 living barks and 40 litters) were collected from the sample site in winter, spring, summer and autumn of 2023, followed by moist chamber cultures. A total of 733 records representing 34 myxomycete species in 21 genera were obtained. Arcyria cinerea and six other species were abundant (A). Six species were common (C), six species were occasional (O), and fifteen species were rare (R). Species diversity (H' = 2.04 ± 0.20) of corticolous communities was significantly higher than that (H' = 1.49 ± 0.31) of litter-inhabiting communities (p < 0.05). Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) analyses showed significant differences between these two communities (p < 0.01). Species diversity was slightly higher in summer and autumn compared to winter and spring. NMDS analyses indicated no significant differences among seasonal communities. Redundancy Analysis showed that the corticolous species were closely related to wind speed (p < 0.05), while litter-inhabiting species were mainly determined by temperature (p < 0.05). The study revealed that substrates and seasons influenced myxomycete communities in T. distichum forests, with the communities being particularly affected by the substrates in which they live. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infrared small-target detection is now commonly used in maritime surveillance, flight guidance, and other fields. However, extracting small targets from complex backgrounds remains a challenging task due to the small-target scale and complex imaging environment. Many studies are based on designing model structures to enhance the precision of target detection, and the number of Params and FLOPs has been significantly augmented. In this work, a knowledge distillation-based detection method (KDD) is proposed to overcome this challenge. KDD employs the small-target labeling information provided by a large-scale teacher model to refine the training process of students, thereby improving the performance and becoming lightweight. Specifically, we added efficient local attention (ELA), which can accurately identify areas of interest while avoiding dimensionality reduction. In addition, we also added the group aggregation bridge (GAB) module to connect low-level and high-level features for the fusion of different feature scales. Furthermore, a feature fusion loss was introduced to enhance the precision of target detection. Extensive evaluations have demonstrated that KDD performs better compared to several methods, achieving extremely low Params and FLOPs, as well as higher FPS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evanescent field (EF) has been widely applied in various micro-imaging techniques for its ability to excite surfaces. However, measuring the multi-angle EF remains challenging. In this paper, the whispering gallery mode (WGM) is observed in an excited microsphere on an optical waveguide (OWG) with a thickness of 0.6 mm, which is used to determine the diameter of the excited microsphere. A simple and nondestructive measurement method for multi-angle OWG-EF is proposed, which is based on the reliable diameter of the microsphere, determined by WGM and the TIRF spots. The measurement result for multi-angle OWG-EF shows a dynamic range between ∼180 and ∼2400 nm, which shows good agreement with the simulation results. The method synchronization possible for EF measurements and fluorescent experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let V be a smooth variety. A hypersurface arrangement 𝓜 in V is a union of smooth hypersurfaces, which locally looks like a union of hyperplanes. We say 𝓜 is free if all these local models can be chosen to be free hyperplane arrangements. In this paper, we use Saito’s criterion to study the freeness of hypersurface arrangements consisting of hyperplanes and spheres, and construct the bases for the derivation modules explicitly.