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The operational stability of a power transformer exerts an extremely important impact on the power symmetry, balance, and security of power systems. When the grid load fluctuates greatly, if the load factor of the transformer cannot be maintained within a reasonable range, it leads to increased instability in grid operation. Adjusting the transformer capacity based on load changes is of great significance. The existing control methods for on-load capacity-regulating (OLCR) transformers have low timeliness, and the daily switching frequency of the capacity-regulating switch is not controlled. To ensure the safe and stable operation of transformers, this paper proposes a control method for OLCR transformers based on load prediction and fuzzy control. Firstly, the operating principle of OLCR transformers is analyzed, and a multi-strategy enhanced dung beetle optimizer (MSDBO) combined with a CNN−LSTM model is proposed for load forecasting. On this basis, the daily switching frequency of the capacity-regulating transformer is introduced, and hesitant fuzzy control is used to select the optimal capacity-regulating strategy relying on three factors: loss, economy, and switching frequency. Finally, simulation models are constructed using the MATLAB/SIMULINK platform and simulation analysis is conducted to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed control method. For the three scenarios in this paper, the method reduces daily power loss by 28.5% to 56.3% and daily operating costs by 25.4% to 50.8%. The method used in this paper can sacrifice 3.5% to 9.2% of the loss reduction capability in exchange for reducing the number of switch operations by 28.6% to 57.1%, significantly extending the lifespan of the switches and thereby increasing the operational lifespan of the transformer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ru atomic catalyst-doped GaN (Ru-GaN) model was established by density functional theory (DFT), and the adsorption models of transformer oil dissolved gas (CO, H2, CH4, C2H2, C2H4 and C2H6) by a Ru-GaN monolayer were optimised. From the adsorption energy, differential charge density, electron state density, molecular orbital and desorption properties, the modification mechanism of Ru-GaN and the gas-sensitive response mechanism of Ru-GaN to CO, H2, CH4, C2H2, C2H4 and C2H6 were systematically studied. The introduction of metal Ru increases the defect state of GaN to provide the active site for the adsorption of gas molecules and reduces the adsorption barrier of GaN to gas molecules. The results show that Ru metal-doped GaN can adsorb CO, C2H2 and C2H4 by chemisorption, with Eads of −2.068 eV, −2.422 eV and −1.877 eV and Qt of −0.1696 e, −0.0671 e, −0.1222 e. In addition, charge redistribution leads to changes in the density of states, molecular orbitals and the conductivity of CO, C2H2 and C2H4 adsorption systems, indicating excellent gas sensitivity to the three gases. The desorption time further verified that Ru-GaN is an ideal CO and C2H2 gas scavenger and a recyclable material for C2H4 gas sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper treats a parallel 12-pulse rectifier as the study subject. The influence of unbalanced terminal voltage, the triggering angle, as well as the commutation angle of a thyristor-controlled rectifier circuit are considered in switching functions. Then, a frequency-domain harmonic coupled admittance matrix under the effect of positive sequence and negative sequence voltages are proposed, respectively. With the integration of the above matrices, a harmonic coupled admittance matrix model of a parallel 12-pulse rectifier under unbalanced voltage is proposed. On this basis, a simplified harmonic model of a 12-pulse rectifier is established, which only considers the effect of major elements through analyzing the elements' distribution and magnitude of the harmonic coupled admittance matrix, as well as the AC current harmonic producing mechanism. All the models proposed in this paper are verified with high accuracy through simulation in MATLAB/Simulink. The models proposed in this paper can be used to guide the selection of harmonic suppression measures and equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Capacitive power transfer (CPT) is an attractive wireless power transfer (WPT) technology and it has been widely studied in many applications. Symmetrical structures and high-order compensation networks are always produced as optimization results and common configurations for high-efficiency CPT systems. However, in space-limited scenarios, an asymmetric structure tends to be a better choice. The related large number of high-order asymmetric system parameters is a key problem in parameter design. In this study, a general parameter design method that is based on reactive power optimization is proposed for an electric field resonance-based CPT system with an asymmetric six-plate coupler. The reactive power in the compensation network was analyzed and optimized under the constraint of transferred power. With equal reactive power, the optimization complexity was significantly reduced and the optimized system parameters were provided. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, a 1 MHz, 3.2 kW asymmetric CPT protype with 100 mm gap distance was implemented. The results indicate that, with the optimized parameters, high system efficiency can be achieved when the system's volume is reduced. At the rated power, about 95% DC–DC overall efficiency was achieved through a 6-pF coupling capacitor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A large amount of power equipment works in closed or semi-closed environments for a long time. Carbon monoxide (CO) is the most prevalent discharge gas following a fault in the components. Based on the density functional theory of first principles, the adsorption behavior of CO gas molecules on intrinsic, Ag-doped and Au-doped hafnium disulfide (HfS2) monolayers was systematically studied at the atomic scale. Firstly, the intrinsic HfS2 monolayer, Ag-doped HfS2 (Ag-HfS2) monolayer and Au-doped HfS2 (Au-HfS2) monolayer, with different doping sites, were created. The structural stability, dopant charge transfer, substrate conductivity and energy band structure of different doping sites of the Ag-HfS2 and Au-HfS2 monolayer structures were calculated. The most stable doping structure was selected with which to obtain the best performance on the subsequent gas adsorption test. Then, the CO adsorption models of intrinsic HfS2, Ag-HfS2 and Au-HfS2 were constructed and geometrically optimized. The results show that the adsorption energy of the Ag-HfS2 monolayer for CO gas is −0.815 eV, which has good detection sensitivity and adsorption performance. The adsorption energy of CO on the Au-HfS2 monolayer is 2.142 eV, the adsorption cannot react spontaneously, and the detection sensitivity is low. The research content of this paper provides a theoretical basis for the design and research of gas sensing materials based on HfS2, promoting the development and application of HfS2 in gas sensing and other fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dissolved gas analysis (DGA) is recognized as one of the most reliable methods in transformer fault diagnosis technology. In this paper, three characteristic gases of transformer oil (CO, C2H4, and CH4) were used in conjunction with a Cr-decorated InN monolayer according to first principle calculations. The adsorption performance of Cr–InN for these three gases were studied from several perspectives such as adsorption structures, adsorption energy, electron density, density of state, and band gap structure. The results revealed that the Cr–InN monolayer had good adsorption performance with CO and C2H4, while the band gap of the monolayer slightly changed after the adsorption of CO and C2H4. Additionally, the adsorption property of the Cr–InN monolayer on CH4 was acceptable and a significant response was simultaneously generated. This paper provides the first insights regarding the possibility of Cr-doped InN monolayers for the detection of gases dissolved in oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]