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Multilingual learners (MLs), also referred to as English learners (ELs) in US K-12 public schools, and specifically newcomer MLs who have been in US schools for 2 years or less, are expected to learn the English language and reach grade level standards as their monolingual English-speaking peers. Mathematics education in the US has struggled over the years to achieve higher levels of math achievement for all students and for MLs. In this innovation in practice, we present how Ms. Shelley (a pseudonym), a math high school teacher incorporated her newcomer MLs diverse math practices in her teaching.

This systematic review and meta-analysis explores the effectiveness of teacher interventions supporting children with externalizing behaviors based on teacher and child outcomes. A systematic search was conducted using 5 electronic databases. From 5714 papers, 31 papers that included interventions delivered directly to teachers and aimed to benefit either teachers and/or children with externalizing behaviors were included. The review focused on qualified teachers working with children aged 2-13. The results of the current meta-analysis revealed a positive effect of teacher intervention on teacher and child outcomes, including the increased use of teacher-appropriate strategies, as well as significant and moderate improvements in teacher-child closeness, and small reductions in teacher-child conflict. For child outcomes, the interventions reduced externalizing behavior problems and ADHD symptoms and enhanced prosocial behavior. Only one fully blinded analysis for conduct problems was possible and revealed a moderate but significant reduction in favor of intervention. These findings provide evidence to support the role of teacher interventions for both teachers and children with externalizing behaviors. Future research should include more PBLIND measurements so that MPROX findings can be confirmed. More research should be done to evaluate the influence of teacher interventions on teachers' well-being.

Background The study's objective was to examine national trends in patterns of under-vaccination in the United States.Research design and methods The National Immunization Survey-Child (NIS-Child) is an annual cross-sectional survey that collects provider-verified vaccination records from a large national probability sample of children. Records from the 2011–2021 NIS-Child were used to assess receipt of the combined 7-vaccine series by age 24 months. Based on prior work, patterns indicative of hesitancy included zero vaccines, not starting ≥1 series, and consistent vaccine-limiting. Patterns indicative of practical issues included starting all series but missing doses. Up-to-date (UTD) was defined as receiving all doses in the combined 7-vaccine series.Results The study population comprised 127,257 children. Over the observation period, patterns indicative of hesitancy significantly decreased (p-trend

Abstract Background Most Canadians receive their care in community hospitals, yet most clinical research is conducted in academic hospitals. This study aims to compare patients with community acquired pneumonia (CAP) treated in academic and community hospitals with respect to their demographics, clinical characteristics, treatments and outcomes. Methods This nested observational cohort substudy of the Community Acquired Pneumonia: Toward InnoVAtive Treatment (CAPTIVATE) trial included 1,329 hospitalized adults with CAP recruited between March 1st, 2018 and September 31st, 2023 from 15 Canadian hospitals. Unadjusted and adjusted analyses for age, sex and co-morbidities using logistic, Cox and censored quantile regressions were conducted. Results Patients in community hospitals were older (mean [SD] 75.0 [15.7] years vs. 68.3 [16.2] years; p

Abstract Background The prevention of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is recognised as a health care priority in the UK. In people living with T2DM, lifestyle changes (e.g. increasing physical activity) have been shown to slow disease progression and protect from the development of associated comorbidities. The use of digital health technologies provides a strategy to increase physical activity in patients with chronic disease. Furthermore, behaviour economics suggests that financial incentives may be a useful strategy for increasing the maintenance and effectiveness of behaviour change intervention, including physical activity intervention using digital health technologies. The Milton Keynes Activity Rewards Programme (MKARP) is a 24-month intervention which combines the use of a mobile health app, smartwatch (Fitbit or Apple watch) and financial incentives to encourage people living with T2DM to increase physical activity to improve health. Therefore, this randomised controlled trial aims to examine the long-term acceptability, health effects and cost-effectiveness of the MKARP on HbA1c in patients living with T2DM versus a waitlist usual care comparator. Methods A two-arm, single-centre, randomised controlled trial aiming to recruit 1018 participants with follow-up at 12 and 24 months. The primary outcome is the change in HbA1c at 12 months. Secondary outcomes included changes in markers of metabolic, cardiovascular, anthropometric, and psychological health along with cost-effectiveness. Recruitment will be via annual diabetes review in general practices, retinal screening services and social media. Participants aged 18 or over, with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and a valid HbA1c measurement in the last 2 months are invited to take part in the trial. Participants will be individually randomised (1:1 ratio) to receive either the Milton Keynes Activity Rewards Programme or usual care. The intervention will last for 24 months with assessment for outcomes at baseline, 12 and 24 months. Discussion This study will provide new evidence of the long-term effectiveness of an activity rewards scheme focused on increasing physical activity conducted within routine care in patients living with type 2 diabetes in Milton Keynes, UK. It will also investigate the cost-effectiveness of the intervention. Trial registration ISRCTN 14925701. Registered on 30 October 2023.

Abstract Background Efficient and scalable solutions are needed to identify patients who qualify for germline cancer genetic testing. We evaluated the clinical validity of a brief, patient-administered hereditary cancer risk assessment digital tool programmed to assess if patients meet criteria for germline genetic testing, based on personal and family history, and in line with national guidelines. Methods We applied the tool to cases seen in a nationwide telehealth genetic counseling practice. Validity of the tool was evaluated by comparing the tool’s assessment to that of the genetic counselor who saw the patient. Patients’ histories were extracted from genetic counselor-collected pedigrees and input into the tool by the research team to model how a patient would complete the tool. We also validated the tool’s assessment of which specific aspects of the personal and family history met criteria for genetic testing. Descriptive statistics were used. Results Of the 152 cases (80% female, mean age 52.3), 56% had a personal history of cancer and 66% met genetic testing criteria. The tool and genetic counselor agreed in 96% of cases. Most disagreements (4/6; 67%) occurred because the genetic counselor’s assessment relied on details the tool was not programmed to collect since patients typically don’t have access to the relevant information (pathology details, risk models). We also found complete agreement between the tool and research team on which specific aspects of the patient’s history met criteria for genetic testing. Conclusion We observed a high level of agreement with genetic counselor assessments, affirming the tool’s clinical validity in identifying individuals for hereditary cancer predisposition testing and its potential for increasing access to hereditary cancer risk assessment.

Examining emotion recognition and response to music can isolate recognition of and resonance with emotion from the confounding effects of other social cues (e.g., faces). In a within-sample design, participants aged 5-6 years in the eastern region of the United States (N = 135, M[subscript age] = 5.98, SD[subscript age] = 0.54; 78 female, 56 male; eight Asian, 43 Black, 62 White, 13 biracial, and nine "other") listened to clips of calm, scary, and sad music. In separate sessions, participants identified the emotional content of the music or reported on the feelings elicited by the music clip, with above-chance accuracy. Emotion "recognition" was associated with age and higher levels of child emotional verbal expressivity. Children with higher parent-reported empathy reported greater "resonance" with the emotion conveyed by music, specifically for sad music. Recognition and resonance were correlated (i.e., alignment), although the relationship varied as a function of the emotion expressed, with the greatest alignment for sad music. Results provide insights into emotion recognition and resonance in the absence of direct social signals and provide evidence that children's ability to recognize and resonate with emotion differs depending on characteristics of the music and the child.

Objective: To explore health literacy needs and preferences for a technology-based intervention (app) to improve sexual and reproductive health (SRH) among college students. Participants: In Spring 2019, in-depth interviews were conducted with 20 participants (10 male, 10 female) from a large, public university. Methods: Interview guide was developed based on Integrated Model of Health Literacy domains and Diffusion of Innovation constructs. Data were analyzed in MaxQDA using applied thematic analysis. Results: Dominant themes included accessing health information and services, evaluating options to make decisions, intervention utility and characteristics, and the emergent theme of credibility. Specific topics included accessing STI testing, contraceptive decision making, information on human papillomavirus (HPV) and the HPV vaccine, patient-provider communication, app design and function elements, and modifying the app to meet the SRH needs of diverse college students. Conclusions: Findings identified areas where an app could address college students' SRH literacy, ultimately improving SRH outcomes among this population.