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3. Helminth products modulate innate immune recognition of nucleic acids in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Author

Dall, Laura B, Deleuran, Bent, Østergaard, Lars J, Mardahl, Maibritt, Denton, Paul W, and Nejsum, Peter

Subjects
*SYSTEMIC lupus erythematosus, *NUCLEIC acids, *IMMUNE recognition, *MONONUCLEAR leukocytes, *ASCARIS suum, *AUTOIMMUNE diseases
Abstract

Aim: Current treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is suboptimal and causes broad immunosuppression. Therapeutic use of helminths or helminth products has been suggested for autoimmune diseases such as SLE. In the present study, we evaluated possible immunomodulating effects of adult body fluid (ABF) from Ascaris suum on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from SLE patients in an ex vivo setup. Methods: PBMCs from SLE patients and healthy controls (HC) were isolated and stimulated ex vivo with ABF and Toll-like receptor agonists or activators of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) or mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) pathways. After 24 h of incubation, the cytokine profile was analyzed using ELISA and Meso Scale Discovery techniques. Results: ABF suppressed production of IL-6, TNF-α, CXCL10, and IL-10 by PBMCs from SLE patients and HCs following stimulation with specific agonists. ABF also reduced IFN-у production by stimulated PBMCs from HCs. Conclusions: Our data show that ABF has an immunomodulatory effect on the production of key cytokines in the pathogenesis of SLE. These results suggest that ABF or ABF components hold potential as a novel treatment option for SLE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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6. HLH‐30‐dependent rewiring of metabolism during starvation in C. elegans.

Author

Dall, Kathrine B., Havelund, Jesper F., Harvald, Eva B., Witting, Michael, and Færgeman, Nils J.

Subjects
*CARNITINE palmitoyltransferase, *CAENORHABDITIS elegans, *STARVATION, *FATTY acid oxidation, *METABOLISM
Abstract

One of the most fundamental challenges for all living organisms is to sense and respond to alternating nutritional conditions in order to adapt their metabolism and physiology to promote survival and achieve balanced growth. Here, we applied metabolomics and lipidomics to examine temporal regulation of metabolism during starvation in wild‐type Caenorhabditis elegans and in animals lacking the transcription factor HLH‐30. Our findings show for the first time that starvation alters the abundance of hundreds of metabolites and lipid species in a temporal‐ and HLH‐30‐dependent manner. We demonstrate that premature death of hlh‐30 animals under starvation can be prevented by supplementation of exogenous fatty acids, and that HLH‐30 is required for complete oxidation of long‐chain fatty acids. We further show that RNAi‐mediated knockdown of the gene encoding carnitine palmitoyl transferase I (cpt‐1) only impairs survival of wild‐type animals and not of hlh‐30 animals. Strikingly, we also find that compromised generation of peroxisomes by prx‐5 knockdown renders hlh‐30 animals hypersensitive to starvation, which cannot be rescued by supplementation of exogenous fatty acids. Collectively, our observations show that mitochondrial functions are compromised in hlh‐30 animals and that hlh‐30 animals rewire their metabolism to largely depend on functional peroxisomes during starvation, underlining the importance of metabolic plasticity to maintain survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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7. Antimicrobial resistance patterns of bovine mastitis pathogens isolated in the Northeast of Italy between 2010 and 2014

Author

Crestani, C., Mancin, M., Bonamico, S., Segalin, C., Busa, A., Rosa, G., Dall Ava, B., Nannoni, E., Fabio Ostanello, Barberio, A., Crestani, Chiara, Mancin, Marzia, Bonamico, Sondra, Segalin, Chiara, Busa, Alessandra, Rosa, Giulia, Dall'Ava, Brunella, Nannoni, Eleonora, Ostanello, Fabio, and Barberio, Antonio

Subjects
Bovine, Mastitis, Antimicrobial resistance
Abstract

Bovine mastitis is one of the main health problems in dairy cattle and represents a major cause of economic losses in dairy production. As well as the financial implication of this disease, the importance of mastitis in public health should not be overlooked. The extensive use of antibiotics in the treatment and control of mastitis has possible implications for human health through an increased risk of antibiotic resistant strains that may enter the food chain. The aim of this study was the assessment of the main antimicrobial-resistance (AMR) patterns of bovine mastitis pathogens isolated in Northeast of Italy from 2010 to 2014 during the normal diagnostic activity performed in the local veterinary state laboratory (IZSVe). All the isolates tested were identified from individual quarter milk samples, which were collected from animals with clinical and subclinical mastitis. Milk culture was carried out according to the National Mastitis Council guidelines and the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated using the agar disk diffusion method as described by NCLSI guide Vet01-A4. All the isolates were tested with the following antimicrobials: penicillin, ampicillin, oxacillin, clavulanate-amoxicillin, cephalothin, cefquinome, cefoperazone, tylosin, spiramycin, tetracycline, enrofloxacin, kanamycin, sulfisoxazole, trimethoprim + sulphametoxazole, and rifaximine. In our study, out of 16095 strains isolated from bovine milk, 29.2% were Coagulase-positive Staphylococci (CPS), 28.3% Streptococcus uberis and Enterococcus spp., 19.3% Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CNS), 9.1% E. coli, 7.6% Streptococcus dysgalactiae, 5.6% Streptococcus agalactiae, 0.5% Klebsiella spp., 0.5% Serratia spp.. Overall, more than 90% are Gram-positive bacteria with significantly (p

Published
2016

11. Reviews of books.

Author

Caird, James B., Wannop, A. R., Luther‐Davies, Susan, McCorkell, John, Smith, K., Price, R. J., Stephen, V., Davies, W. K. D., Morris, Arthur, Havitt, L. F., Kinniburgh, Ian A.G., McIver, T.C., Bernard, R., Graham, Elizabeth D., Forbes, E. M., Shepherd, W. A. M., Denholm, R. K., Salmon, R. B., Maclean, Kenneth, and Dall, A. B.

Abstract

GREAT BRITAIN Patterns of Highland Development. By David Turnock, 8.9 × 6.3, xiii + 272 pages, 32 figures, 32 plates. Macmillan, London, 1970. £8. Soil Survey of Scotland, Bulletin No. 1: The Soils of Candacraig and Glenbuchat. By R. E. F. Heslop and C. J. Brown. 9 1/2 × 6, 116 pp., 13 tables, 3 maps (2 loose, folded), appendices, references, Index. Macaulay Institute for Soil Research, Aberdeen, 1969. Southwest England. By A. H. Shorter, W. L. D. Ravenhill and K. J. Gregory. 15.5 × 23.5 cm. xii + 340 pp., 95 maps and diagrams, 3 tables, 55 plates, 1 folded map, selected references, index. Nelson, London, 1969. £5.25. Land and Leisure. By J. Allan Patmore. 8 3/4 × 5 3/4, 322 pp., 26 plates, 84 illustrations and maps. David and Charles, Newton Abbot, 1970. £4.20. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY The Value of Weather. By W. J. Maunder. 9×5 3/4, 388 pp. Methuen, London. £3.75; also University Paperback. £2.00. The Periglacial Environment. By Troy L. Péivé. McGill‐Queen's University Press, 1969. £11.25. Glacier Surveys in British Columbia: Vol. 1 English System; Vol. 2 Metric System. By I. A. Reid and J. Shastal. Department of Energy, Mines and Resources, Canada, Report series No. 10. 1968. Coasts and Beaches. By J. A. Steers. 7×4 1/2. 136 pp. Illustrated. (Contemporary Science Paperback). Oliver & Boyd,. Edinburgh, 1969. 37 1/2p. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY Urban Analysis. A Study of City Structure with Special Reference to Sunderland. By B. T. Robson. Cambridge Geographical Studies, No. 1. 9 1/4 × 6 1/4. 302 pp. Maps and Tables. Bibliography. Cambridge U.P., London, 1969. £4.00 The Harsh Lands. By David Grieg. 8 3/4 × 5 3/4, 321 pp., 24 figures, 30 tables. Macmillan, London, 1970. £3.50. Paperback, £1.75. ATLASES AND MAPS The National Atlas of Disease Mortality in the United Kingdom. Revised and extended edition. By G. Melvyn Howe on behalf of the Royal Geographical Society. 11 1/4 × 8 3/4, 197 pp. Nelson, London. £5.25. Maps for Books and Theses. By A. G. Hodgkiss. 8 3/4 × 5 1/2, 267 pp., 8 plates, 88 illustrations. David & Charles, Newton Abbot, 1970. £2.75. >EDUCATION Landscape Studies—An Introduction to Geomorphology. By K. E. Sawyer. 10 3/4 × 8 1/2, x + 148 pp., 28 map extracts, 52 photographs, 124 field sketches, sketches, diagrams. Edward Arnold, London, 1970. £200. Water for Power and Irrigation. By J. M. Pritchard. 9 3/4 × 6, 36 pp., 18 maps, diagrams. Dent, London, 1970. 30p. Britain and World Trade. C. W. Park. 8 1/2 × 5 1/2, 176 pp., 46 diagrams and maps, 10 plates, tables, index. English Universities Press, London. 65p. Ethiopia in Pictures. By Alfred Allotey Acquaye. Iraq in pictures. By Jon A. Teta. Visual , Geography Series. 10i x 6|, 64 pp. The Oak Tree Press Ltd., 1970. 95p. World Population and Food Supply. J. H. Lowry. 9 3/4 × 7 3/8, 112 pp., charts, tables, diagrams, maps, plates. E. Arnold & Sons Ltd. 1970. £1.00. Landscape Studies Series. (7 titles). Edited by W. K. Birrell. 7 × 9 1/2. approx. 50 pp. Jacaranda Press, 1969. 49p.each. Jackdaw Publications. No. 76 Volcanoes, by G. Jefferies. No. 77 The Motor Industry by G. Jefferies. No. 79 Dairy Farming by J. L. Jones. Folder 9 × 13 1/2. Jonathan Cape, 1969. 60p.each. Field Studies for Schools. Volume 4. Field Excursions in North Wales. Edited by F. E. Clegg. 7 1/4 × 4 1/4, 174 pp., 8 plates, 25 maps and diagrams. Rivingtons, London, 1969. 90p. Field Studies for Schools. Volume 3. Field Excursions in Eastern Scotland. Edited by R. B.. Salmon. 7 1/4 × 4 3/4, 8 plates, 18 maps and diagrams. Rivingtons, London, 1969. 90p. Modern Geography Series, Book VIII, Africa: By A. W. Coysh and M. E. Tomlinson. 7 3/4 × 5 1/4, 226 pp., plates, maps and diagrams. University Tutorial Press, London, 1970. 67 1/2p. Mauritius: A Geographical Survey. By T. Ramdin. 9 3/4 × 7 1/2. 64 pp. 7 full page maps in colour. Many photographs and sketch‐maps. Examination questions and bibliography. University Tutorial Press, London, 1969. 45p. New Secondary Geographies: ‘Asia and North America’. By R. A. Beddis. 192 pp., 6 3/8 × 8 3/8 University of London Press. 90p. Focal Points in Geography: ‘Asia and North America’. By R. A. Beddis. 9 3/4 × 7 3/8, 80 pp. University of London Press. 65p. Europe in Maps. By R. Knowles and P. W. R. Stowe. 96 pp., 19 maps, 22 photographs, 23 figures. Longmans, London, 1969. £1.50. Yorkshire and North Lincolnshire. By H. Tolley and K. Orrell. 9 3/4 × 7 1/2. 96 pp., 94 figs. Geography of the British Isles Series. Cambridge U.P., London, 1970.65p. Basic Geography. By D. C. Money. 10 × 7 1/2, 162 pp. University Tutorial Press, London, 1970. £1.10. The Earth's Surface. By D. C. Money. 7 1/2 × 10, 168 pp. Evans Bros., London, 1970. £1.25. These two books by Mr. Money overlap in subject matter but the scope and treatment are rather different. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
1971
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12. Autophagy-Mediated Cholesterol Trafficking Controls Steroid Production.

Author

Texada, Michael J., Malita, Alina, Christensen, Christian F., Dall, Kathrine B., Faergeman, Nils J., Nagy, Stanislav, Halberg, Kenneth A., and Rewitz, Kim

Subjects
*AUTOPHAGY, *STEROID hormones, *CHOLESTEROL, *ECDYSONE, *TUMOR growth, *MICRORNA
Abstract

Summary Steroid hormones are important signaling molecules that regulate growth and drive the development of many cancers. These factors act as long-range signals that systemically regulate the growth of the entire organism, whereas the Hippo/Warts tumor-suppressor pathway acts locally to limit organ growth. We show here that autophagy, a pathway that mediates the degradation of cellular components, also controls steroid production. This process is regulated by Warts (in mammals, LATS1/2) signaling, via its effector microRNA bantam , in response to nutrients. Specifically, autophagy-mediated mobilization and trafficking of the steroid precursor cholesterol from intracellular stores controls the production of the Drosophila steroid ecdysone. Furthermore, we also show that bantam regulates this process via the ecdysone receptor and Tor signaling, identifying pathways through which bantam regulates autophagy and growth. The Warts pathway thus promotes nutrient-dependent systemic growth during development by autophagy-dependent steroid hormone regulation (ASHR). These findings uncover an autophagic trafficking mechanism that regulates steroid production. Graphical Abstract Highlights • Autophagy regulates steroid production • Autophagosomes sequester and traffic cholesterol substrate for steroid production • The Warts effector microRNA bantam regulates autophagy via the EcR and Tor pathways • Autophagy-dependent steroid regulation adjusts growth to nutrient availability Steroid hormones are produced from cholesterol and control growth and development. Texada et al. describe an autophagosomal mechanism, regulated by the Warts/LATS1/2 tumor-suppressor pathway, that controls steroid production through mobilization of stored precursor cholesterol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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