28 results on '"Dean, Jonathan R."'
Search Results
2. A global compilation of diatom silica oxygen isotope records from lake sediment – trends and implications for climate reconstruction.
- Author
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Meister, Philip, Alexandre, Anne, Bailey, Hannah, Barker, Philip, Biskaborn, Boris K., Broadman, Ellie, Cartier, Rosine, Chapligin, Bernhard, Couapel, Martine, Dean, Jonathan R., Diekmann, Bernhard, Harding, Poppy, Henderson, Andrew C. G., Hernandez, Armand, Herzschuh, Ulrike, Kostrova, Svetlana S., Lacey, Jack, Leng, Melanie J., Lücke, Andreas, and Mackay, Anson W.
- Subjects
LAKE sediments ,OXYGEN isotopes ,FOSSIL diatoms ,LITTLE Ice Age ,ATMOSPHERIC circulation ,OZONE layer ,WATERSHEDS - Abstract
Oxygen isotopes in biogenic silica (δ18OBSi) from lake sediments allow for quantitative reconstruction of past hydroclimate and proxy-model comparison in terrestrial environments. The signals of individual records have been attributed to different factors, such as air temperature (Tair), atmospheric circulation patterns, hydrological changes, and lake evaporation. While every lake has its own local set of drivers of δ18O variability, here we explore the extent to which regional or even global signals emerge from a series of paleoenvironmental records. This study provides a comprehensive compilation and combined statistical evaluation of the existing lake sediment δ18OBSi records, largely missing in other summary publications (i.e. PAGES network). For this purpose, we have identified and compiled 71 down-core records published to date and complemented these datasets with additional lake basin parameters (e.g. lake water residence time and catchment size) to best characterize the signal properties. Records feature widely different temporal coverage and resolution, ranging from decadal-scale records covering the past 150 years to records with multi-millennial-scale resolution spanning glacial–interglacial cycles. The best coverage in number of records (N = 37) and data points (N = 2112) is available for Northern Hemispheric (NH) extratropical regions throughout the Holocene (roughly corresponding to Marine Isotope Stage 1; MIS 1). To address the different variabilities and temporal offsets, records were brought to a common temporal resolution by binning and subsequently filtered for hydrologically open lakes with lake water residence times < 100 years. For mid- to high-latitude (> 45° N) lakes, we find common δ18OBSi patterns among the lake records during both the Holocene and Common Era (CE). These include maxima and minima corresponding to known climate episodes, such as the Holocene Thermal Maximum (HTM), Neoglacial Cooling, Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) and the Little Ice Age (LIA). These patterns are in line with long-term air temperature changes supported by previously published climate reconstructions from other archives, as well as Holocene summer insolation changes. In conclusion, oxygen isotope records from NH extratropical lake sediments feature a common climate signal at centennial (for CE) and millennial (for Holocene) timescales despite stemming from different lakes in different geographic locations and hence constitute a valuable proxy for past climate reconstructions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Tracking the hydro-climatic signal from lake to sediment: A field study from central Turkey
- Author
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Dean, Jonathan R., Eastwood, Warren J., Roberts, Neil, Jones, Matthew D., Yiğitbaşıoğlu, Hakan, Allcock, Samantha L., Woodbridge, Jessie, Metcalfe, Sarah E., and Leng, Melanie J.
- Published
- 2015
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4. Eastern Mediterranean hydroclimate over the late glacial and Holocene, reconstructed from the sediments of Nar lake, central Turkey, using stable isotopes and carbonate mineralogy
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Dean, Jonathan R., Jones, Matthew D., Leng, Melanie J., Noble, Stephen R., Metcalfe, Sarah E., Sloane, Hilary J., Sahy, Diana, Eastwood, Warren J., and Roberts, C. Neil
- Published
- 2015
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5. 20,000 Years of Societal Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change in Southwest Asia
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Jones, Matthew D, Abu-Jaber, Nizar, AlShdaifat, Ahmad, Baird, Douglas, Cook, Benjamin I, Cuthbert, Mark O, Dean, Jonathan R, Djamali, Morteza, Eastwood, Warren, Fleitmann, Dominik, Haywood, Alan, Kwiecien, Ola, Larsen, Joshua, Maher, Lisa A, Metcalfe, Sarah E, Parker, Adrian, Petrie, Cameron A, Primmer, Nick, Richter, Tobias, Roberts, Neil, Roe, Joe, Tindall, Julia C, Ünal-İmer, Ezgi, and Weeks, Lloyd
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Meteorology And Climatology - Abstract
The Fertile Crescent, its hilly flanks and surrounding drylands has been a critical region for studying how climate has influenced societal change, and this review focuses on the region over the last 20,000 years. The complex social, economic, and environmental landscapes in the region today are not new phenomena and understanding their interactions requires a nuanced, multidisciplinary understanding of the past. This review builds on a history of collaboration between the social and natural palaeoscience disciplines. We provide a multidisciplinary, multiscalar perspective on the relevance of past climate, environmental, and archaeological research in assessing present day vulnerabilities and risks for the populations of southwest Asia. We discuss the complexity of palaeoclimatic data interpretation, particularly in relation to hydrology, and provide an overview of key time periods of palaeoclimatic interest. We discuss the critical role that vegetation plays in the human–climate–environment nexus and discuss the implications of the available palaeoclimate and archaeological data, and their interpretation, for palaeonarratives of the region, both climatically and socially. We also provide an overview of how modelling can improve our understanding of past climate impacts and associated change in risk to societies. We conclude by looking to future work, and identify themes of “scale” and “seasonality” as still requiring further focus. We suggest that by appreciating a given locale's place in the regional hydroscape, be it an archaeological site or palaeoenvironmental archive, more robust links to climate can be made where appropriate and interpretations drawn will demand the resolution of factors acting across multiple scales.
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- 2019
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6. Palaeo-seasonality of the last two millennia reconstructed from the oxygen isotope composition of carbonates and diatom silica from Nar Gölü, central Turkey
- Author
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Dean, Jonathan R., Jones, Matthew D., Leng, Melanie J., Sloane, Hilary J., Roberts, C. Neil, Woodbridge, Jessie, Swann, George E.A., Metcalfe, Sarah E., Eastwood, Warren J., and Yiğitbaşıoğlu, Hakan
- Published
- 2013
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7. A global compilation of diatom silica oxygen isotope records from lake sediment - trends, and implications for climate reconstruction.
- Author
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Meister, Philip, Alexandre, Anne, Bailey, Hannah, Barker, Philip, Biskaborn, Boris K., Broadman, Ellie, Cartier, Rosine, Chapligin, Bernhard, Couapel, Martine, Dean, Jonathan R., Diekmann, Bernhard, Harding, Poppy, Henderson, Andrew C. G., Hernandez, Armand, Herzschuh, Ulrike, Kostrova, Svetlana S., Lacey, Jack, Leng, Melanie J., Lücke, Andreas, and Mackay, Anson W.
- Abstract
Oxygen isotopes in biogenic silica (δ
18 OBSi ) from lake sediments allow for quantitative reconstruction of past hydroclimate and proxy-model comparison in terrestrial environments. The signals of individual records have been attributed to different factors, such as air temperature (Tair ), atmospheric circulation patterns, hydrological changes and lake evaporation. While every lake will have its own set of drivers of d18O, here we explore the extent to which regional or even global signals emerge from a series of palaeoenvironmental records. For this purpose, we have identified and compiled 71 down-core records published to date and complemented these datasets with additional lake basin parameters (e.g. lake water residence time and catchment size) to best characterize the signal properties. Records feature widely different temporal coverage and resolution ranging from decadal-scale records covering the last 150 years to records with multi-millennial scale resolution spanning glacial-interglacial cycles. Best coverage in number of records (N=37) and datapoints (N=2112) is available for northern hemispheric (NH) extra-tropic regions throughout the Holocene (corresponding to Marine Isotope Stage 1; MIS 1). To address the different variabilities and temporal offsets, records were brought to a common temporal resolution by binning and subsequently filtered for hydrologically open lakes with lake water residence times <100 yrs. For mid- to high-latitude (>45° N) lakes, we find common δ18 OBSi patterns during both the Holocene and the Common Era and maxima and minima corresponding to known climate episodes such as the Holocene Thermal Maximum (HTM), Neoglacial Cooling, Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) and the Little Ice Age (LIA). These patterns are in line with long-term Tair changes supported by previously published climate reconstructions from other archives as well as Holocene summer insolation changes. In conclusion, oxygen isotope records from NH extratopic lake sediments feature a common climate signal at centennial (for CE) and millennial (for Holocene) time scales despite stemming from different lakes in different geographic locations and constitute a valuable proxy for past climate reconstructions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
8. "Uses of the Past" on the Northwest Coast: The Russian American Company and Tlingit Nobility, 1825-1867
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Dean, Jonathan R.
- Published
- 1995
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9. The Hudson's Bay Company and Its Use of Force, 1828-1829
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Dean, Jonathan R.
- Published
- 1997
10. The 4.2 ka BP Event in the Mediterranean Region: an overview
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Bini, Monica, Zanchetta, Giovanni, Perşoiu, Aurel, Cartier, Rosine, Català, Albert, Cacho, Isabel, Dean, Jonathan R., Rita, Federico, Drysdale, Russell N., Finnè, Martin, Isola, Ilaria, Jalali, Bassem, Lirer, Fabrizio, Magri, Donatella, Masi, Alessia, Marks, Leszek, Mercuri, Anna Maria, Peyron, Odile, Sadori, Laura, Sicre, Marie-Alexandrine, Welc, Fabian, Zielhofer, Christoph, and Brisset, Elodie
- Abstract
The Mediterranean region and the Levant have returned some of the clearest evidence of a climatically dry period occurring around 4200 years ago. However, some regional evidence is controversial and contradictory, and issues remain regarding timing, progression, and regional articulation of this event. In this paper, we review the evidence from selected proxies (sea-surface temperature, precipitation, and temperature reconstructed from pollen, δ18O on speleothems, and δ18O on lacustrine carbonate) over the Mediterranean Basin to infer possible regional climate patterns during the interval between 4.3 and 3.8 ka. The values and limitations of these proxies are discussed, and their potential for furnishing information on seasonality is also explored. Despite the chronological uncertainties, which are the main limitations for disentangling details of the climatic conditions, the data suggest that winter over the Mediterranean involved drier conditions, in addition to already dry summers. However, some exceptions to this prevail – where wetter conditions seem to have persisted – suggesting regional heterogeneity in climate patterns. Temperature data, even if sparse, also suggest a cooling anomaly, even if this is not uniform. The most common paradigm to interpret the precipitation regime in the Mediterranean – a North Atlantic Oscillation-like pattern – is not completely satisfactory to interpret the selected data.
- Published
- 2018
11. A review of the stable isotope bio-geochemistry of the global silicon cycle and its associated trace elements
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Sutton, Jill N., Cardinal, Damien, Conley, Daniel J., de Souza, Gregory F., Dean, Jonathan R., Dodd, Justin, Ehlert, Claudia, Ellwood, Michael J., Frings, Patrick J., Grasse, Patricia, Hendry, Katharine, Leng, Melanie J., Michalopoulos, Panagiotis, Panizzo, Virginia N., and Swann, George E.A.
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C – N – O - Si isotopes ,silicon ,biogeochemical cycles ,biogenic silica ,element/Si ratios - Abstract
Silicon (Si) is the second most abundant element in the Earth’s crust and is an important nutrient in the ocean. The global Si cycle plays a critical role in regulating primary productivity and carbon cycling on the continents and in the oceans. Development of the analytical tools used to study the sources, sinks, and fluxes of the global Si cycle (e.g., elemental and stable isotope ratio data for Ge, Si, Zn, etc.) have recently led to major advances in our understanding of the mechanisms and processes that constrain the cycling of Si in the modern environment and in the past. Here, we provide background on the geochemical tools that are available for studying the Si cycle and highlight our current understanding of the marine, freshwater and terrestrial systems. We place emphasis on the geochemistry (e.g., Al/Si, Ge/Si, Zn/Si, d13C, d15N, d18O, d30Si) of dissolved and biogenic Si, present case studies, such as the Silicic Acid Leakage Hypothesis, and discuss challenges associated with the development of these environmental proxies for the global Si cycle. We also discuss how each system within the global Si cycle might change over time (i.e., sources, sinks, and processes) and the potential technical and conceptual limitations that need to be considered for future studies.
- Published
- 2018
12. V. Gornitz (ed.): Encyclopedia of paleoclimatology and ancient environments: Springer, 2010, 1049pp, Hardback £359.00, ISBN: 978-1-4020-4551-6
- Author
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Dean, Jonathan R.
- Published
- 2012
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13. A 600 year-long drought index for central Anatolia
- Author
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Yiğitbaşıoğlu, Hakan, Dean, Jonathan R., Eastwood, Warren J., Roberts, Neil, Jones, Matthew D., and Leng, Melanie J.
- Abstract
We have used sediments from Nar lake in central Turkey to reconstruct climatic variability over timescales longer than can be obtained from direct meteorological observations. Because the sediments of this lake are annually layered and precisely dated, it has been possible to calibrate sedimentary climate proxies against meteorological records to derive a drought index; this has then been applied to time periods before instrumental data are available. In this study, δ18O from Nar lake carbonates have been used to generate a decadal average P/E index for central Anatolia, which highlights major drought events since 1400 AD.
- Published
- 2015
14. The 4.2 ka BP Event in the Mediterranean region: an overview.
- Author
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Bini, Monica, Zanchetta, Giovanni, Perşoiu, Aurel, Cartier, Rosine, Català, Albert, Cacho, Isabel, Dean, Jonathan R., Di Rita, Federico, Drysdale, Russell N., Finnè, Martin, Isola, Ilaria, Jalali, Bassem, Lirer, Fabrizio, Magri, Donatella, Masi, Alessia, Marks, Leszek, Mercuri, Anna Maria, Peyron, Odile, Sadori, Laura, and Sicre, Marie-Alexandrine
- Subjects
POLLEN ,SPELEOTHEMS ,TEMPERATURE ,CLIMATOLOGY ,METEOROLOGICAL precipitation ,UNCERTAINTY - Abstract
The Mediterranean region and the Levant have returned some of the clearest evidence of a climatically dry period occurring around 4200 years ago. However, some regional evidence is controversial and contradictory, and issues remain regarding timing, progression, and regional articulation of this event. In this paper, we review the evidence from selected proxies (sea-surface temperature, precipitation, and temperature reconstructed from pollen, δ18O on speleothems, and δ18O on lacustrine carbonate) over the Mediterranean Basin to infer possible regional climate patterns during the interval between 4.3 and 3.8 ka. The values and limitations of these proxies are discussed, and their potential for furnishing information on seasonality is also explored. Despite the chronological uncertainties, which are the main limitations for disentangling details of the climatic conditions, the data suggest that winter over the Mediterranean involved drier conditions, in addition to already dry summers. However, some exceptions to this prevail – where wetter conditions seem to have persisted – suggesting regional heterogeneity in climate patterns. Temperature data, even if sparse, also suggest a cooling anomaly, even if this is not uniform. The most common paradigm to interpret the precipitation regime in the Mediterranean – a North Atlantic Oscillation-like pattern – is not completely satisfactory to interpret the selected data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Seasonality of Holocene hydroclimate in the Eastern Mediterranean reconstructed using the oxygen isotope composition of carbonates and diatoms from Lake Nar, central Turkey.
- Author
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Dean, Jonathan R., Jones, Matthew D., Leng, Melanie J., Metcalfe, Sarah E., Sloane, Hilary J., Eastwood, Warren J., and Roberts, C. Neil
- Subjects
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METEOROLOGICAL precipitation , *CARBONATES , *OXYGEN isotopes , *HOLOCENE Epoch , *EVAPORATION (Meteorology) - Abstract
A positive shift in the oxygen isotope composition (δ18O) of lake carbonates in the Eastern Mediterranean from the early to late Holocene is usually interpreted as a change to drier (reduced precipitation and evaporation (P/E)) conditions. However, it has also been suggested that changes in the seasonality of precipitation could explain these trends. Here, Holocene records of δ18O from both carbonates and diatom silica, from Lake Nar in central Turkey, provide insights into palaeoseasonality. We show how Δδ18Olakewater (the difference between spring and summer reconstructed δ18Olakewater) was minimal in the early Holocene and for most of the last millennium, but was greater at other times. For example, between ~4100 and 1600 yr BP, we suggest that increased Δδ18Olakewater could have been the result of relatively more spring/summer evaporation, amplified by a decline in lake level. In terms of change in annual mean δ18O, isotope mass balance modelling shows that this can be influenced by changes in seasonal P/E as well as inter-annual P/E, but lake level falls inferred from other proxies confirm that there was a mid-Holocene transition to drier climatic conditions in central Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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16. 1811 Nass River incident: images of first conflict on the intercultural frontier
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Dean, Jonathan R.
- Subjects
Ethnic, cultural, racial issues/studies - Published
- 1993
17. 'These Rascally Spackaloids': The Rise of Gispaxlots Hegemony at Fort Simpson, 1832-40
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Dean, Jonathan R.
- Abstract
BC Studies: The British Columbian Quarterly, No 101: The First Nations in British Columbia, Spring 1994
- Published
- 2010
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18. Spirits of the Water: Native Art Collected on Expeditions to Alaska and British Columbia, 1774-1910 Steven C. Brown
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Dean, Jonathan R.
- Published
- 2001
19. The First Nations of British Columbia Robert J. Muckle
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Dean, Jonathan R.
- Published
- 1999
20. Early Holocene palaeoseasonality inferred from the stable isotope composition of Unio shells from Çatalhöyük, Turkey.
- Author
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Lewis, Jonathan P., Leng, Melanie J., Dean, Jonathan R., Marciniak, Arkadiusz, Bar-Yosef Mayer, Daniella E., and Wu, Xiaohong
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STABLE isotopes ,UNIO ,HOLOCENE paleoclimatology ,ARCHAEOLOGICAL excavations ,SEASONAL effects on wildlife - Abstract
Seasonalδ13C andδ18O data are presented from 14Uniosub-fossil shells unearthed at the archaeological site of Çatalhöyük in central Turkey, spanning the occupation period ca. 9150–8000 cal years BP. The shells likely lived in the small lakes/wetlands around the site before being gathered and taken to Çatalhöyük. Wet-dry seasonal cycles are clearly apparent in theδ18Oshellprofiles with low winter values reflecting winter precipitation and highδ18O in the summer resulting from evaporation. The most striking trend in theδ18O data is the drop in maximum summerδ18O ca. 8300 years BP, which we infer as indicating lower summer evaporation and hence a reduction in seasonality. Previous palaeoclimate records from the area have suggested cooler and more arid conditions, with reduced precipitation, around this time. While the drop in summerδ18O values could be due to reduced summer temperatures reducing summer evaporation, but there was little change in winterδ18O, perhaps suggesting winter growth cessation or reduced influence of winter climate change onδ18O. This shift in seasonal climate could be linked to solar-forced climate change beginning ca. 8600 years BP, and enhanced by the regional expression of the 8·2k event. Changing water balance over the occupation period is likely an important contributory factor behind observed cultural changes at Çatalhöyük in the Late Neolithic/Early Chalcolithic period. Our results might be considered to support the fission-fusion farming hypothesis as we provide additional evidence for wet winter/early spring conditions during the Early Holocene which likely caused flooding of the Çarşamba Fan. The changing water balance after ca. 8300 years BP (i.e. reduced seasonality and potentially reduced local summer evaporation) is also coincidental with the proposed end of this farming system due to multi-decadal drought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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21. Paul Kane's Great Nor-West Diane Eaton Sheila Urbanek
- Author
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Dean, Jonathan R.
- Published
- 1996
22. A tale of two lakes: a multi-proxy comparison of Lateglacial and Holocene environmental change in Cappadocia, Turkey.
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Roberts, Neil, Allcock, Samantha L., Arnaud, Fabien, Dean, Jonathan R., Eastwood, Warren J., Jones, Matthew D., Leng, Melanie J., Metcalfe, Sarah E., Malet, Emmanuel, Woodbridge, Jessie, and Yiğitbaşıoğlu, Hakan
- Subjects
PALEOCLIMATOLOGY ,HOLOCENE Epoch ,GLACIATION ,DIATOMS ,CALCITE ,CLIMATE change - Abstract
ABSTRACT Individual palaeoenvironmental records represent a combination of regional-scale (e.g. climatic) and site-specific local factors. Here we compare multiple climate proxies from two nearby maar lake records, assuming that common signals are due to regional-scale forcing. A new core sequence from Nar Lake in Turkey is dated by varves and U-Th to the last 13.8 ka. Markedly dry periods during the Lateglacial stadial, at 4.3-3.7 and at 3.2-2.6 ka BP, are associated with peaks in Mg/dolomite, positive δ
18 O, elevated diatom-inferred electrical conductivity, an absence of laminated sediments and low Quercus/chenopod ratios. Wet phases occurred during the early-mid Holocene and 1.5-0.6 ka BP, characterized by negative δ18 O, calcite precipitation, high Ca/Sr ratios, a high percentage of planktonic diatoms, laminated sediments and high Quercus/chenopod ratios. Comparison with the record from nearby Eski Acıgöl shows good overall correspondence for many proxies, especially for δ18 O. Differences are related to basin infilling and lake ontogeny at Eski Acıgöl, which consequently fails to register climatic changes during the last 2 ka, and to increased flux of lithogenic elements into Nar Lake during the last 2.6 ka, not primarily climatic in origin. In attempting to separate a regional signal from site-specific 'noise', two lakes may therefore be better than one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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23. `Uses of the past' on the Northwest Coast: The Russian American Company and Tlingit nobility...
- Author
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Dean, Jonathan R.
- Subjects
- *
TLINGIT (North American people) , *HAIDA (North American people) , *NATIVE American history - Abstract
Examines the attempt of Russian policymakers to incorporate Tlingit and Haida nobles into an imperial order during the period 1825 to 1867. Modification of Russian policies to reinforce indigenous nobles; Presentation of medals and certificates; Distribution of cast-off uniforms to chiefs; Establishment of the imperially sanctioned title `Main Sitka Tlingit chief'.
- Published
- 1995
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24. The Company of Adventurers. A Narrative of Seven Years in the Service of the Hudson's Bay Company during 1867-1874 on the Great Buffalo Plains Isaac Cowie
- Author
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Dean, Jonathan R.
- Published
- 1994
25. Stable isotope analysis and U-Th dating of late glacial and Holocene lacustrine sediments from central Turkey
- Author
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Dean, Jonathan R.
- Abstract
Water is a politically sensitive resource in the Near East and water stress is increasing. It is therefore vital that there is a strong understanding of past hydrological variability, so that the drivers of change can be better understood, and so that the links between the palaeoclimate and archaeological records in this key region in the development of human civilisation can be investigated. To be of most use, this requires high resolution records and a good understanding of palaeoseasonality.\ud \ud A sediment sequence spanning ~14,000 years has been retrieved from Nar Gölü, a lake in central Turkey. This thesis presents isotope data from carbonates, diatoms and bulk organic matter, in particular focussing on oxygen isotope (δ18O) analysis of carbonates (which detailed monitoring of the modern lake system shows to be a strong proxy for water balance) and comparing δ18Ocarbonate and δ18Odiatom data in order to examine palaeoseasonality. Improved techniques for the interpretation of carbonate isotope records of mixed mineralogies and the mass balance correction of diatom samples contaminated with minerogenic material are also proposed.\ud \ud Due to the high resolution δ18Ocarbonate data, it was possible to show that the rapidity of the Younger Dryas to Holocene transition at Nar Gölü was similar to that seen in North Atlantic records and that centennial scale arid events in the Holocene seem to occur at the time of cold periods in the North Atlantic. Taken together, this suggests a strong teleconnection between the two regions. However, the longer duration of the aridity peaks ~9,300 and ~8,200 years BP at Nar Gölü, compared with the more discrete cooling events at this time in the North Atlantic, suggest that there are additional controls on Near East hydroclimate. There is a multi-millennial scale trend of increasing δ18Ocarbonate values from the early to late Holocene. This ‘Mid Holocene Transition’ has previously been identified in the Near East, however here it is demonstrated that water balance and not a shift in the seasonality of precipitation was the primary cause. Finally, for the first time, the stability of Near East climate in the early Holocene is robustly demonstrated, suggesting that this could have been a key enabler of the development of agriculture at this time.
26. Is the Chew Bahir sediment record influenced by wet-dry fluctuations due to monsoonal changes?
- Author
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Schäbitz, Frank, Opitz, Stephan, Foerster, Verena, Asrat, Asfawossen, Deino, Alan, Deocampo, Daniel M., Duesing, Walter, Günter, Christina, Junginger, Annett, Cohen, Andrew S., Lamb, Henry F., Leng, Melanie J., Dean, Jonathan R., Roberts, Helen M., and Trauth, Martin H.
- Published
- 2018
27. Environmental change during MIS4 and MIS 3 opened corridors in the Horn of Africa for Homo sapiens expansion.
- Author
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Viehberg, Finn A., Just, Janna, Dean, Jonathan R., Wagner, Bernd, Franz, Sven Oliver, Klasen, Nicole, Kleinen, Thomas, Ludwig, Patrick, Asrat, Asfawossen, Lamb, Henry F., Leng, Melanie J., Rethemeyer, Janet, Milodowski, Antoni E., Claussen, Martin, and Schäbitz, Frank
- Subjects
- *
LAKE sediments , *FOSSIL hominids - Abstract
Abstract Archaeological findings, numerical human dispersal models and genome analyses suggest several time windows in the past 200 kyr (thousands of years ago) when anatomically modern humans (AMH) dispersed out of Africa into the Levant and/or Arabia. From close to the key hominin site of Omo-Kibish, we provide near continuous proxy evidence for environmental changes in lake sediment cores from the Chew Bahir basin, south Ethiopia. The data show highly variable hydroclimate conditions from 116 to 66 kyr BP with rapid shifts from very wet to extreme aridity. The wet phases coincide with the timing of the North African Humid Periods during MIS5, as defined by Nile discharge records from the eastern Mediterranean. The subsequent record at Chew Bahir suggests stable regional hydrological setting between 58 and 32 kyr (MIS4 and 3), which facilitated the development of more habitable ecosystems, albeit in generally dry climatic conditions. This shift, from more to less variable hydroclimate, may help account for the timing of later dispersal events of AMH out of Africa. Highlights • Multiproxy record from S Ethiopia extends knowledge about environment and climate of past 116,000 yrs during human expansion. • Hydroclimate during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5 was much more variable (frequency and amplitude) than during MIS 3 and 4. • Earth system models and model simulations of intermediate complexity emulate corresponding amplitude shifts in hydroclimate. • Environment was arid during MIS 3 and 4, but permanent lake water bodies existed as inferred from our biological proxies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. 20,000 Years Of Societal Vulnerability And Adaptation To Climate Change In Southwest Asia
- Author
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Joshua Larsen, Cameron A. Petrie, Alan M. Haywood, Ezgi Ünal-İmer, Benjamin I. Cook, Adrian G. Parker, Warren J. Eastwood, Neil Roberts, Joe Roe, Nick Primmer, Ola Kwiecien, Jonathan R. Dean, Lisa A. Maher, Dominik Fleitmann, Mark O. Cuthbert, Morteza Djamali, Matthew Jones, Nizar Abu-Jaber, Tobias Richter, Ahmad Al-Shdaifat, Julia Tindall, Sarah E. Metcalfe, Douglas Baird, Lloyd Weeks, Jeoloji Mühendisliği, School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK, Center for the Study of Natural and Cultural Heritage, German Jordanian University, Amman, Jordan, School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom, University of Liverpool, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), School of Earth and Ocean Sciences [Cardiff], Cardiff University, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Department of Archaeology and Centre for Past Climate Change, University of Reading, Reading, UK, School of Earth and Environment [Leeds] (SEE), University of Leeds, Institute for Geology, Mineralogy and Geophysics, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Oxford Brookes University, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, Center for the Study of Early Agricultural Societies, Department of Cross-Cultural and Regional Studies (ToRS), Faculty of Humanities [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-Faculty of Humanities [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences [Plymouth] (SoGEES), Plymouth University, Institute of Archaeology, University College London, London, UK, Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Department of Geological Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey, School of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia, European Project: 648609,H2020,ERC-2014-CoG,TWORAINS(2015), Apollo-University Of Cambridge Repository, Institute for Geology, Mineralogy and Geophysics, Ruhr-Universität Bochum [Bochum], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-Faculty of Humanities [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), University College of London [London] (UCL), Jones, Matthew D [0000-0001-8116-5568], Cuthbert, Mark O [0000-0001-6721-022X], Dean, Jonathan R [0000-0001-8071-000X], Larsen, Joshua [0000-0002-0650-7369], Petrie, Cameron A [0000-0002-2926-7230], Roe, Joe [0000-0002-1011-1244], Weeks, Lloyd [0000-0003-4736-9633], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU)
- Subjects
L700 ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Paleoclimate ,Turkey ,Overview ,0207 environmental engineering ,Vulnerability ,Climate change ,F700 ,Ocean Engineering ,F800 ,hydrology ,02 engineering and technology ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Aquatic Science ,Present day ,Iran ,Oceanography ,01 natural sciences ,palaeoclimate ,Natural (archaeology) ,Water and Environmental Change ,Multidisciplinary approach ,11. Sustainability ,Water as Imagined and Represented ,020701 environmental engineering ,Environmental planning ,Levant ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Water Science and Technology ,Ecology ,Holocene ,Interpretation (philosophy) ,Social change ,archaeology ,15. Life on land ,Climate Action ,Geography ,Nature of Freshwater Ecosystems ,13. Climate action ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,Overviews ,Nexus (standard) - Abstract
The Fertile Crescent, its hilly flanks and surrounding drylands has been a critical region for studying how climate has influenced societal change, and this review focuses on the region over the last 20,000 years. The complex social, economic, and environmental landscapes in the region today are not new phenomena and understanding their interactions requires a nuanced, multidisciplinary understanding of the past. This review builds on a history of collaboration between the social and natural palaeoscience disciplines. We provide a multidisciplinary, multiscalar perspective on the relevance of past climate, environmental, and archaeological research in assessing present day vulnerabilities and risks for the populations of southwest Asia. We discuss the complexity of palaeoclimatic data interpretation, particularly in relation to hydrology, and provide an overview of key time periods of palaeoclimatic interest. We discuss the critical role that vegetation plays in the human–climate–environment nexus and discuss the implications of the available palaeoclimate and archaeological data, and their interpretation, for palaeonarratives of the region, both climatically and socially. We also provide an overview of how modelling can improve our understanding of past climate impacts and associated change in risk to societies. We conclude by looking to future work, and identify themes of “scale” and “seasonality” as still requiring further focus. We suggest that by appreciating a given locale's place in the regional hydroscape, be it an archaeological site or palaeoenvironmental archive, more robust links to climate can be made where appropriate and interpretations drawn will demand the resolution of factors acting across multiple scales. This article is categorized under:Human Water > Water as Imagined and RepresentedScience of Water > Water and Environmental ChangeWater and Life > Nature of Freshwater Ecosystems, We discuss the impact of a changing regional hydroscape (pictured) on the proxy archives and people of southwest Asia over the last 20,000 years.
- Published
- 2019
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