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We constructed a liquid-phase colorimetric biosensor to detect Triglycerides (TG) contamination in water using a Porcine Pancreatic Lipase Immobilized Zinc – chitosan nanocomposite matrix with Phenolsulfonphthalein as the chromophore. The nanoparticle-augmented matrix was characterized using an SEM—the change in the chromophore colour from red to yellow indicated vegetable oil hydrolysis and fatty acid release. The biosensor showed a LOQ between 25–500 µg/mL at an operating temperature between 25–45 °C, over a pH range of 4–9 within 5 minutes. The biosensor showed resilience to samples contaminated up to 50 times the BIS permissible limits for iron, copper and manganese. The sensor showed repeatability of nearly 100% with the LOD 3 µg/mL, sensitivity 47.1 U/µg/cm2 and retained up to 80% of its activity till the 10th day when stored at 10 °C. A fully adept version of the biosensor can be applied to detect TG in water and wastewater.

Microorganisms swimming through viscous fluids imprint their propulsion mechanisms in the flow fields they generate. Extreme confinement of these swimmers between rigid boundaries often arises in natural and technological contexts, yet measurements of their mechanics in this regime are absent. Here, we show that strongly confining the microalga Chlamydomonas between two parallel plates not only inhibits its motility through contact friction with the walls but also leads, for purely mechanical reasons, to inversion of the surrounding vortex flows. Insights from the experiment lead to a simplified theoretical description of flow fields based on a quasi-2D Brinkman approximation to the Stokes equation rather than the usual method of images. We argue that this vortex flow inversion provides the advantage of enhanced fluid mixing despite higher friction. Overall, our results offer a comprehensive framework for analyzing the collective flows of strongly confined swimmers.

Objective: Evaluation of fetal and maternal outcomes in pregnancy with leiomyoma uteri. Methods: Total 50 pregnant women with uterine myoma attending the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of IPGME&R, Kolkata were followed during the antenatal, intranatal and postnatal period. Total 200 women of normal uncomplicated pregnancy were recruited as control and matched for age and parity. Results: The women were having 10% submucous, 74% intramural and 16% subserous type of uterine myoma. Highest incidence was in more than 30 yrs age group. Spontaneous miscarriage in 16%, malpresentation in 14%, fetal growth restriction (FGR) in 14%, intra uterine fetal demise (IUFD) in 8% and placental abruption in 8% cases were noted. During intranatal period preterm labour in 18%, prolonged labour in 22%, fetal distress in 22%, retained placenta in 6% and preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) or premature rupture of membranes (PROM) in 16% cases were also seen. Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) in 22% and subinvolution in 14% cases were found. APGAR score was less than seven in 18% babies and 46% babies weighed low birth weight. Conclusion: Pregnancies complicated with uterine myoma adversely affect fetal and maternal outcomes.

Heridetary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN TYPE-2) reflects reduction in the number of primary motor and sensory neurons. The occurrence of this disease is rare in pregnancy but may be exaggerated in pregnancy leading to preeclampsia / eclampsia. Here is a 28 years old 2nd gravidae with twin pregnancy at 31 weeks hospitalized with HMSN TYPE-2 disease and was managed successfully with good feto maternal outcome