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1. Invasive Urban Mammalian Predators: Distribution and Multi-Scale Habitat Selection

Author

Kim F. Miller, Deborah J. Wilson, Stephen Hartley, John G. Innes, Neil B. Fitzgerald, Poppy Miller, and Yolanda van Heezik

Subjects
hedgehog, brushtail possum, house mouse, rat, city, residential garden, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

A barrier to successful ecological restoration of urban green spaces in many cities is invasive mammalian predators. We determined the fine- and landscape-scale habitat characteristics associated with the presence of five urban predators (black and brown rats, European hedgehogs, house mice, and brushtail possums) in three New Zealand cities, in spring and autumn, in three green space types: forest fragments, amenity parks, and residential gardens. Season contributed to variations in detections for all five taxa. Rodents were detected least in residential gardens; mice were detected more often in amenity parks. Hedgehogs were detected least in forest fragments. Possums were detected most often in forest fragments and least often in residential gardens. Some of this variation was explained by our models. Proximity of amenity parks to forest patches was strongly associated with presence of possums (positively), hedgehogs (positively), and rats (negatively). Conversely, proximity of residential gardens to forest patches was positively associated with rat presence. Rats were associated with shrub and lower canopy cover and mice with herb layer cover. In residential gardens, rat detection was associated with compost heaps. Successful restoration of biodiversity in these cities needs extensive, coordinated predator control programmes that engage urban residents.

Published
2022
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2. Century-scale effects of invasive deer and rodents on the dynamics of forests growing on soils of contrasting fertility

Author

Aurora Gaxiola, Charles D. Canham, Andrew M. Gormley, Wendy A. Ruscoe, Lora Murphy, David M. Forsyth, Georges Kunstler, Tomás A. Easdale, David A. Coomes, Elaine F. Wright, Deborah J. Wilson, ARTHUR RYLAH INSTITUTE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH HEIDELBERG AUS, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research [Lincoln], Ecosystèmes montagnards (UR EMGR), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), CARY INSTITUTE OF ECOSYSTEM STUDIES NEW YORK USA, DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION CHRISTCHURCH NZL, and UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE GBR

Subjects
Herbivore, Forest dynamics, Ecology, Interspecific competition, 15. Life on land, Biology, Invasive species, Predation, Seed predation, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Mast (botany), Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Woody plant, MUS MUSCULUS
Abstract

International audience; Understanding the long-term impacts of invasive mammalian browsers and granivores in mixed forests is difficult due to the many processes potentially affecting the demography of long-lived trees. We constructed individual-based spatially-explicit simulation models of two mixed conifer–angiosperm forests, growing on soils of contrasting phosphorus (P) availability, to investigate how browsing by invasive red deer (Cervus elaphus scoticus) and granivory by invasive rodents (primarily house mouse Mus musculus) might alter forest dynamics. Models were parameterized with field data. Seedling growth and survival rates were estimated inside and outside deer exclosures. Seed predation rates were estimated at high and low rodent densities in mast and non-mast seeding years. For the alluvial terrace forest, which grew on P-rich soil, our model contained 15 tree species dominated by angiosperms; our model of the P-poor marine terrace forest contained 7 species dominated by conifers. The two forest models were used to explore four 500-year scenarios: deer and rodents present, deer present and rodents absent, deer absent and rodents present, and deer and rodents absent. Our field studies revealed that the highest probabilities of seed predation by rodents occurred for two canopy species in mast years and in neighborhoods of high basal area, and that deer browsing had the greatest negative effects on the growth and survival rates of angiosperm seedlings. Our simulation models predicted that the presence of deer and rodents would reduce the abundances of canopy co-dominants, and hence total basal area, in the alluvial terrace forest. The presence of deer increased the dominance of conifers in both forests, but the effects of deer and rodents were much stronger in the alluvial terrace forest. Our study revealed two emergent properties. First, rodent- and deer-induced reductions in seedling abundances did not always translate into reduced sapling and adult tree abundances. Second, when deer changed the abundance of a canopy dominant, other species were affected by altered interspecific competition. We conclude that the effects of invasive deer and rodents will be greatest in forests growing on P-rich soils. Exclusion of deer is predicted to have greater long-term effects on forest dynamics than exclusion of rodents.

Published
2015
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3. Abstracts

Author

Cristina Hurtado, John Bradley, Andrew R. Burns, Keyvan Karkouti, Rob Anderson, Simon D. Abrahamson, C. David Mazer, O. R. Hung, L. Comeau, Joseph A. Fisher, Janet Tessler, Joshua Rucker, Alix Mathicu, Sara Murray-Foster, Chou Tz-Chong, Li Chi-Yuan, Takako Tsuda, Akihiko Tabuchi, Hiroshi Sasano, Masanobu Kiriyama, Akinori Okada, Junichiro Hayano, Akinori Takeuchi, Hirotada Katsuya, Claude P. Tousignant, Elizabeth Ling, Ramiro Arellano, N. Dowd, J. Karski, D. Cheng, J. Carroll-Munro, D. K. Rose, C. O. Mazer, M. M. Cohen, D. Wigglesworth, William P. S. McKay, Robert J. Teskey, Julio Militzer, Guy Kember, Travis Blanchet, Peter H. Gregson, Steven R. Howells, James A. Robblee, Terrance W. Breen, Laura Dierenfield, Tacie McNeil, Donna J. Nicholson, Stephen E. Kowalski, G. Andrew Hamilton, Michael P. Meyers, Carl Serrette, Peter C. Duke, Ingrid Custeau, Rend Martin, Sonia Larabée, Martine Pirlet, Madeleine Pilote, Jean-Pierre Tetrault, Ban C. H. Tsui, Sunil Gupta, Brendan Finucane, Mitchell J. Weisbrod, Vincent W. S. Chan, Z. Kaszas, C. Dragomir, M. R. Cohen, M. Gandhi, A. S. Clanachan, B. A. Finegan, Lisa Isaac, William M. Splinter, L. A. Hall, H. M. Gould, E. J. Rhine, Lyne Bergeron, Michel Girard, Pierre Drolet, Hong Hanh Le Truong, Carl Boucher, Daniel Vézina, Martin R. Lessard, Marie Gourdeau, Claude A. Trépanier, Theresa Yang, Alison Macarthur, P. Chouinard, F. Fugère, M. Ruel, Pekka Tarkkila, Marja Silvasti, Marjatta Tuominen, Nils Svartling, Per H. Rosenberg, David M. Bond, John F. Rudan, Michael A. Adams, Brian K. Tsang, Wanda Keahey, Lucia Gagliese, Marla Jackson, Paul Ritvo, Adarose Wowk, Alan N. Sandler, Joel Katz, J. G. Laffey, J. F. Boylan, Neal H. Badner, Wendy E. Komar, R. A. Cherry, S. M. Spadafora, R. J. Butler, Fiona McHardy, Joanne Fortier, Frances Chung, Scott Marshall, Ananthan Krishnathas, Jean Wong, Ewan Ritchie, Andrew Meikle, Nicole Avery, Janet van Vlymen, Joel L. Parlow, David Sinclair, Gabor Mezei, Fengling Jin, Andrew Norris, Tharini Ganeshram, Bernard A. MacLeod, Aliréza Azmudéh, Luigi G. Franciosi, Craig R. Ries, Stephan K. W. Schwarz, William PS McKay, Benjamin W. S. McKay, Pascal Meuret, Vincent Bonhomme, Gilles Plourde, Pierre Fiset, Stevens B. Backman, Alex Vesely, Leeor Sommer, Joel Greenwald, Elana Lavine, Steve Iscoe, George Volgyesi, Ludwik Fedorko, Joseph Fisher, Emilio B. Lobato, Cheri A. Sulek, Laurie K. Davies, Peter F. Gearen, François Bellemare, François Donati, Jacques Couture, Hwan S. Joo, Sunil Kapoor, Shahriar Shayan, Kenneth M. LeDez, Jim Au, John H. Tucker, Edwin B. Redmond, V. Gadag, Catherine Penney, Gregory M. T. Hare, Timothy D. G. Lee, Gregory M. Hirsch, Fan Yang, Eric Troncy, Gilbert Blaise, Yoshiyuki Naito, Shoji Arisawa, Masahiro Ide, Susumu Nakano, Kazuo Yamazaki, Takae Kawamura, Noriko Nara, Reiji Wakusawa, Katsuya Inada, Robert J. Hudson, Karanbir Singh, Gary A. Harding, Blair T. Henderson, Ian R. Thomson, Christopher G. Wherrett, Donald R. Miller, Alan A. Giachino, Michelle A. Turek, Kelly Rody, H. Vaghadia, V. Chan, S. Ganapathy, A. Lui, J. McKenna, K. Zimmer, William D. Regan, Ross G. Davidson, Krista Nevin, Sergio Escobedo, E. Mitmaker, M. J. Tessler, K. Kardash, S. J. Kleiman, M. Rossignol, L. Kahn, F. Baxter, A. Dauphin, C. Goldsmith, P. Jackson, J. McChesney, J. Miller, L. Takeuchi, E. Young, Kristine Klubien, Edith Bandi, Franco Carli, Kathleen Dattilo, Doris Tong, Mohit Bhandari, Louise Mazza, Linda Wykes, L. Z. Sommer, J. Rucker, A. Veseley, E. Levene, Y. Greenwald, G. Volgyesi, L. Fedorko, S. Iscoe, J. A. Fisher, Guo-Feng Tian, Andrew J. Baker, F. X. Reinders, A. J. Baker, R. J. Moulton, J. I. M. Brown, L. Schlichter, Laurence Van Tulder, Stéphane Carignan, Julie Prénovault, Jean-Paul Collet, Stan Shapiro, Jean-Gilles Guimond, Louis Blait, Thierry Ducruet, Martin Francœur, Marc Charbonneau, Guy Cousineau, Daniel R. Wong, Michele McCall, Fergus Walsh, Regina Kurian, Mary Keith, Michael J. Sole, Kursheed N. Jeejeebhoy, E. Whitten, P. H. Norman, J. A. Aucar, L. A. Coveler, Rodney M. Solgonick, Y. Bastien, Bruce Mazer, Koji Lihara, Beverley A. Orser, Michael Tymianski, Brendan T. Finucane, Nuzhat Zaman, Ibrahim Kashkari, Soheir Tawfik, Yun K. Tarn, Peter D. Slinger, Karen McRae, Timothy Winton, Alan N. Sandier, J. E. Zamora, Mary Jane Salpeter, Donglin Bai, John F. MacDonald, Kelly Mayson, Ed Gofton, Keith Chambers, Susan E. Belo, J. Colin Kay, Sean R. R. Hall, Louie Wang, Brian Milne, Chris Loomis, Zhi He, Wichai Wougchanapai, Ing K. Ho, John H. Eichhorn, Tangeng Ma, Wichai Wongchanapai, John H. Eicnhorn, Damian B. Murphy, M. B. Murphy, Steven B. Backman, Reuben D. Stein, Brian Collier, Canio Polosa, Chi-Yuan Li, Tz-Chong Chou, Jia-Yi Wang, John Fuller, Ronald Butler, Salvatore Spadafora, Neil Donen, Laurence Brownell, Sandy Shysh, Keith Carter, Chris Eagle, Isabella Devito, Stephen Halpern, J. Hugh Devitt, Doreen A. Yee, John L. deLacy, Donald C. Oxorn, Gary F. Morris, Raymond W. Yip, M. G. Gregoret-Quinn, R. F. Seal, LJ. Smith, A. B. Jones, C. Tang, B. J. Gallant, L. A. Nadwidny, Gerald V. Goresky, Tara Cowtan, Hilary S. Bridge, Carolyne J. Montgomery, Ross A. Kennedy, Pamela M. Merrick, M. Yamashita, K. Wada, Sylvie LeMay, Jean-François Hardy, Pamela Morgan, Steven Halpern, Jana Evers, P. Ronaldson, F. Dexter, Desmond Writer, Holly Muir, Romesh Shukla, Rob Nunn, John Scovil, Jeremy Pridham, Ola Rosaeg, Allan Sandier, Patricia Morley-Foster, Simon Lucy, Lesley-Ann Crone, Karen Zimmer, Deborah J. Wilson, Robert Heid, M. Joanne Douglas, Dan W. Rurak, Anna Fabrizi, Chantal T. Crochetière, Louise Roy, Edith Villeneuve, Louise Lortie, Sandra Katsiris, Barbara Leighton, Donna Wilson, Jean Kronberg, Leszek Swica, Janet Midgley, Robert Nunn, Bruce Smith, Michael E. Rooney, David C. Campbell, Celina M. Riben, Ray W. Yip, Jo MacDonell, and Tracey Levine

Subjects
Sevoflurane, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Morphine, Total Knee Arthroplasty, Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure, Ropivacaine, General Medicine, Article
Published
1998

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