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Rice phenology information is important in supporting planning systems, land management, and making the right decisions to sustainably carry out rice production. This study aimed to determine the best rice phenology classification model by combining VV and VH polarizations on Sentinel-1 images, which produce polarization indices such as the ratio polarization index (RPI), normalized different polarization index (NDPI), and average polarization index (API) using the ensemble random forest (RF) using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) application. This research was conducted in the rice fields of PT Sang Hyang Seri, Subang Regency, West Java. The research data comprised Sentinel-1 SAR GRD satellite imagery data with acquisition modes interferometric wide swath (IW) for 2021–2022 obtained from the GEE platform. In this study, the performance of two machine learning methods for classification was compared: classification and regression trees (CART) and RF. This study found that the best rice phase classification model could be acquired from the RF method with four predictors, namely, API, RPI, NDPI, and slope, with a statistical value of kappa of 98.22%. The RF classification model has better accuracy than the CART classification model.

One of the causes of acnes is the bacteria Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus aureus. An alternative solution to this problem is to develop natural medicines from plants, one of which is the star fruit (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn). The purpose of this study was to test the bioactivity of star fruit against the growth of P. acnes, S. epidermidis, and S. aureus. This research method used an experimental research design with the treatment of A. bilimbi fruit ethanol extract concentrations of 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, and 90%, chloramphenicol antibiotics as control (+), and sterile distilled water as control (-). All treatments were given to P. acnes, S. epidermidis, and S. aureus bacteria using the Kirby Baeur (disc diffusion) method. The results of this study were the effectiveness of the bioactivity compound of the ethanolic extract of A. bilimbi fruit seen on P. acnes and S. epidermidis bacteria with concentrations of 70%, 80%, and 90%. Thus, it can be concluded that A. bilimbi fruit has the potential to be developed as a natural medicine for acne caused by P. acnes and S. epidermidis.

This work focuses on a crucial subject in mediaeval religious discourse within the realm of education. The objective of this study is to gain a comprehensive comprehension of educational theology during the mediaeval Islamic era and intellectual culture. This will be achieved by examining the innovative, influential, and inherently intricate philosophical, kalām, and sufism ideologies, which have not been fully recognised until now. This study employs a discourse analysis methodology, which is commonly utilised to examine both oral and written conversation. This work provides a comprehensive analysis of the contributions made by mediaeval scholars to the field of educational theological discourse, focusing on the areas of philosophy, kalām, and sufism. The study’s findings demonstrate that mediaeval scholars effectively reconciled philosophical, theological (kalām), and mystical (sufism) perspectives in the field of educational theology. This was particularly evident in their treatment of the human nature, which they portrayed as both possessing free will and being subject to fate. This accommodating stance becomes remarkable, particularly because the content and approach of philosophy, kalām, and Sufism are frequently perceived as highly distinct or even conflicting.

Antimicrobial resistance is one of the biggest health problems. Indonesia is a country with a positive high number of E. coli (71%) Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) in the Asia Pacific. Many studies report that essential oils and extracts from several species of Ocimum have antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and negative bacteria. Antibacterial activity is related to active compounds contained in plants that are also affected by the place of growth, harvesting and post-harvesting. Research related to the activity of basil (Ocimum sanctum) that already exists does not provide complete and comprehensive data related to where to grow, harvest and post-harvest basil leaves. Basil leaves that have been set parameters for growth, harvest and post-harvest processes are extracted using maceration method with 70% etanol solvent and distilled to obtain essential oils (EO). Etanolic extract (EE) and EO were tested for their activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella thypii bacteria. The results showed that the basil leaves obtained from Margahayu sub-district, East Bekasi, had a dry simplicia yield of 12.8% ± 1.5, yield of EE 16.9% ± 1.6, EO content of 0.56%. The etanolic extract of basil leaves contains alkaloids, saponins, tannins, phenolics, flavonoids, glycosides, triterpenoids and steroids. The conclusion from the results of this study is the etanol extract and essential oils of basil leaves can inhibit the growth of bacteria, both basile leaves. The inhibition zone diameter is higher in gram positive bacteria (S. aureus) than gram negative bacteria (S. thypii and E. coli).

Support Vector Machines (SVMs) have received extensive attention over the last decade because it is claimed to be able to produce models that are accurate and have good predictions in various situations. This study aims to test the SVR (Support Vector Regression) method for modeling the growth phase of paddy using sentinel-1 image data. This method was compared for its accuracy with the LR (Linear Model) method using RMSE and R2 statistics and model stability using 10 repetitions. The accuracy of the model with the two best predictors is when the NDPI and API Polarization Index are the predictors. The paddy age model from the SVR method is better than the paddy age model from the LR method, where the SVR method produces a model with an average RMSE of 11.13 and an average coefficient of determination of 88.10%. The accuracy of the SVR model with NDPI and API predictors can be improved by adding VH polarization to the model, where the average RMSE statistic decreases to 11.0 and the average coefficient of determination becomes 88.42%. In this scenario, the best model gives a minimum RMSE value of 10.35 and a coefficient of determination of 90.05%.

Embedding quantum dots in nanowires (NWs) constitutes one promising building block for quantum photonic technologies. Earlier attempts to grow InAs quantum dots on GaAs nanowires were based on the Stranski–Krastanov growth mechanism. Here, we propose a novel strain-driven mechanism to form 3D In-rich clusters on the NW sidewalls and also on the NW top facets. The focus is on ternary InGaAs nanowire quantum dots which are particularly attractive for producing single photons at telecommunication wavelengths. In(Ga)As clusters were realized on the inclined top facets and also on the {11-2} corner facets of GaAs NW arrays by depositing InAs at a high growth temperature (630 °C). High-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy confirms that the observed 3D clusters are indeed In-rich. The optical functionality of the as-grown samples was verified using optical technique of cathodoluminescence. Emission maps close to the NW tip shows the presence of optically active emission centers along the NW sidewalls. Our work illustrates how facets can be used to engineer the growth of localized emitters in semiconducting NWs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research was to provide empirical evidence regarding The Effect of Trading Volume, Earning Per Share on Stock Returns, and their impact on Bid-Ask Spread in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange. The method of the research used data from 114 companies manufacturing industry sector that was listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2018. Technique analysis data used path analysis with IBM SPSS Statistics software and hypothesis test used F test, t-test, and Sobel test. Based on the results of the t-test (partial) showed that Trading Volume had a significant positive effect on Stock Returns, Earning Per Share had no significant effect on Stock Returns, Trading Volume had a significant negative effect on Bid-Ask Spread, Earning Per Share had a significant negative effect on Bid-Ask Spread, Stock Returns had a significant negative effect on Bid-Ask Spread. Based on the results of the F test, is shown that Trading Volume and Earning Per Share together have a significant effect on Stock Returns. Trading Volume, Earning Per Share and Stock Returns has a significant effect on Bid-Ask Spread.

Research purpose. Football is popular in the society across the world. Everyone always watches football matches. Nowadays, there are many football schools for kids or young athletes. Thus, there is a need for a model of exercise that is appropriate for young athletes. This study aimed to create a model of group defense exercise in a football game. It referred to 13-year-old football school students. It was designed using psychological and physiological characteristics of the 13-year-old. Materials and methods. The study participants were 120 football players aged 12 to 13. The study used a research and development method (R&D) through Borg and Gall model. Data was obtained from observation, interview and questionnaires. Data analysis techniques used expert judgments and three steps from Miles and Huberman, namely reduction of data, display of data, and making conclusions. Results. The findings show that the model of defense exercise in football for a 13-year-old football school player has 13 variations of the exercise. It was created based upon the psychological and physiological characteristics of a young player. Conclusions. The result of the study is a recommendation for teachers or coaches to improve the defense exercise in football as player needs.

This research aims to find out the secret strategy applied in the marketing management of Mie Ewok Sukabumi Post COVID-19 towards the rise of MSMEs in the digital economy era. This study uses a qualitative approach with qualitative descriptive analysis and uses triangulation techniques to examine the data obtained from observations, interviews, FGDs, literature studies, and field visits. Based on the data that was collected, reduced, and the results of the FGD deepening, the findings from our analysis show that the secret survival strategy applied in Mie Ewok marketing management after COVID-19 towards the rise of MSMEs in the Digital Economy era, starting with personal branding and digital branding, digital media selection, business process strategy, online marketing, sales promotion, digital literacy readiness, and economic literacy. It is hoped that the survival strategy revealed is useful, feasible to be adopted and developed by other MSME actors to be implemented through marketing management by combining adaptability and survival in order to be able to rise again to continue to grow and have high competitiveness in the era of the digital economy. Qualitative descriptive analysis using this triangulation technique has enabled us to conduct an in-depth and detailed analysis of the business sector with the criteria of micro and small enterprises but has a narrow generalization capability for the larger business sector or industry. To overcome this limitation, future research is expected to use surveys covering the medium and large business sectors or other industries to test the findings and theories resulting from this research. The generalizations can be applied more broadly and guaranteed.

In this work, we investigated the domain structure transition in ferromagnetic nanospheres at the ground-state conditions under zero external magnetic field by micromagnetic simulation. Four basic ferromagnetic materials, nickel (Ni), permalloy (Py), iron (Fe), and cobalt (Co), with variation in diameters from 20 to 100 nm were modeled in the simulation. It was observed that a transition of domain structure occurs from a single-domain to a multi-domain structure at a specific diameter based on the magnetization energy profile. Interestingly, a vortex–core orientation in the multi-domain regime was related to the magnetocrystalline axis of the material, which first aligns with the hard-axis direction, and then changes to the easy-axis direction for low-anisotropy materials (Ni, Py, and Fe). In contrast, only hard-axis orientation exists for high-anisotropy materials (Co). Furthermore, it is also observed that the transition of domain structure was related to the critical diameter. Below the critical diameter, a single-domain structure is exhibited in which the demagnetization energy was larger than the exchange energy. A multi-domain structure emerged above the critical diameter where the exchange energy was larger than the demagnetization energy. The comparable values of critical diameter were also calculated based on the Kittel and Brown equations. The results of the critical diameter from the micromagnetic simulation agreed with the theoretical calculations. Therefore, an interpretation of these magnetization dynamics is an important step in the material selection for granular magnetic-based storage.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan Incline Push Up Depth Jump terhadap hasil tolak peluru gaya ortodox pada siswa SMP Negeri 29 Palembang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif, metode eksperimen. Populasi berjumlah 318 siswa dengan sampel berjumlah 20 siswa putra. Sampel yang diperoleh selanjutnya dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu 10 orang sebagai kelompok Eksperimen yang diberi perlakuan latihan Incline Push Up Depth Jump dan 10 orang sebagai kelompok kontrol yang tidak diberi perlakuan. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik observasi dan tes. Analisis regresi linear sederhana diperoleh Y = 3,91 + 0,79X hasil nilai positif ini menunjukkan bahwa diprediksikan terdapat pengaruh latihan Incline Push Up Depth Jump terhadap hasil tolak peluru gaya ortodox siswa. Analisis selanjutnya menggunakan korelasi product moment diperoleh rxy = 0,90 dengan kategori tingkat hubungan kuat, selanjutnya hasil nilai r dikuadratkan dan presentase sehingga diketahui kontribusi variabel X terhadap variabel Y sebesar 81%. Dan hasil pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji t diperoleh thitung > ttabel (8,86 > 1,734), dengan demikian terdapat pengaruh latihan Incline Push Up Depth Jump terhadap hasil tolak peluru gaya ortodox pada siswa SMP Negeri 29 Palembang. Memperjelas bahwa Ha diterima dan Ho ditolak secara signifikan.

It hardly needs to be said that 2020 was a difficult year for the world. COVID-19 has infected over 120 million people and killed over 2 million as of March 2021 (Johns Hopkins). At the same time, police violence against people of color continues, even as communities engage in long-overdue reckoning initiatives. Across the globe, researchers, governments, and communities needed quick, open, up-to-date information on testing for, treating, and preventing COVID-19. Our increased dependence on technology during lockdowns provided some with safety and continuity, while others experienced the widening of the digital divide. There is no greater urgency than the work of identifying and addressing issues of inequality and lack of equity and inclusivity.Although the results remain to be seen, the field of scholarly communications experienced disruption in 2020. The editorials below discuss these recent changes and imagine what could come out of the pandemic. We hope that these reflections invite conversation and action.

This study investigates a magnetization reversal mechanism based on the hysteresis curve of Barium Hexaferrite (BFO) thin film by micromagnetic simulation through parallel and perpendicular magnetization directions along the axes. The hexagonal shape of the BFO film was modeled with thicknesses of 5, 10, and 15 nm and a diameter size ranging from 50 to 100 nm. It was found that the coercivity field HC and the saturation field HS of the BFO film decreased as the diameter size increased and thickness decreased. It was observed that the nucleation field HN increased as the diameter size increased. An analysis of energies showed that the demagnetization energy was dominantly influenced by the diameter and thickness in comparison to the anisotropic energy. From the hysteresis curve, the switching time was also investigated. Interestingly, the switching time was faster for the thinner BFOs with a diameter under 70 nm. For particles larger than 70 nm in diameter, the switching time showed fluctuation irrespective of the BFO thickness. Based on these results, a diameter size of 70 nm is proposed as the critical size for producing the equal time for switching domain polarity.

Abstract: Determinant of Cash Waqf Nahdatul Ulama (Case of Muslim Students in Indonesia). Cash waqf is getting popular in some countries because of its flexibility. Due to that, Bank BTN is supporting the cash waqf through releasing an application called “Mobile Wakaf Uang NU BTN” which is able to be downloaded on App Store. This application is in cooperation with LWP-NU. The purpose of this study is to examine the determinant of cash waqf contribution among Muslim students through Mobile Wakaf Uang NU BTN. Attitude, Islamic religiosity, Islamic egalitarianism and perceived are used as independent variable and its intention of Muslim students in Indonesia to contribute to cash-waqf. The sample of this study are 115 Muslim students who applying Mobile Wakaf Uang NU BTN. This study employs Structural Equation Model (SEM) to verify the determinants of cash waqf contribution and the program used is Smart PLS. This study found that religiosity positively influence on attitude, Islamic egalitarianism, and behavioral intention. While, Islamic egalitarianism as a mediating variable positively influence on intention is rejected, because the p-value is more than 5% (0.05). Attitude as a mediating variable has a positive influence on intention and perceived ease of use is accepted and perceived ease of use toward intention has a positive influence. In addition, the interesting result of the study showed that the Islamic egalitarianism does not significantly affect on behavioral intention of Muslim students.

Background and Purpose: Treatment with a bisphosphonate was found to be associated with a significantly increased risk for atrial fibrillation (AF) in a few studies. A recent study showed that once-yearly infusions of intravenous zoledronic acid (ZA) significantly increased the risk of serious AF in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. This study was conducted to determine the frequency of atrial fibrillation among cancer patients receiving the standard treatment of ZA.Methods: Patients with bone metastases who presented to our outpatient clinic for any reason (routine control, chemotherapy, or ZA administration) were included in the study. All patients had been receiving 4 mg ZA at 4-week intervals, with each dose administered over 15 min. A short survey was completed and standard 12-lead ECG recordings were obtained.Results: One hundred and twenty-four cancer patients with documented bone metastases were evaluated. Mean age of the patients was 55 ± 13.0 years, 60% of the patients were female. Forty-one percent of the patients had breast cancer, 18% had non-small cell lung cancer, and the remainder had other solid tumors. Mean duration of ZA administration was 13.4  ± 15.0 months. Mean total cumulative dose was 54  ± 15.0 mg per patient. Sixty patients (48%) had previously been treated with anthracycline-containing regimens, and 37 (30%) had received chest radiotherapy that might affect the heart. Twenty-three percent of the patients had hypertension, 10% had diabetes mellitus, 3.7% had myocardial infarction history, 1.9% had congestive heart failure, and 1% had valvular disease; 10.5% were current smokers and 32% ex-smokers. On ECG evaluation, we observed normal sinus rhythm in 58%, sinus tachycardia in 15%, sinus bradicardia in 3.2%, and ventricular extrasystole in 5.7% of the patients. There was no AF in any of the cases.Conclusions: There was no increase in the risk of AF frequency in cancer patients who were treated with intravenous ZA, although most of the patients had additional risk factors including previous treatment with cardiotoxic agents or with chest radiotherapy. We believe that the risk of AF is negligible in this patient population and does not affect treatment decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Aims: To evaluate the results of ultrasonography and fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous placement of internal jugular vein catheters and subcutaneous chest port system in patients with carcinoma. Methods: The data of 1418 patients in whom the devices were implanted from 2003 to 2007 in interventional radiology unit were evaluated prospectively. Results: The median age was 45 years (range 23–70), 658 were women and 760 were men. Technical success in implanting the devices was 100%. No instances of major complications such as pneumothorax, hemothorax, catheter tip malposition, air embolism were seen. The overall complication rate was 5%. Overall follow-up of patients was 699 074 catheter days with the mean function time of 493 (range 130–1215) days. Conclusions: With the benefit of ultrasonography and fluoroscopy guidance, chest port systems can be implanted by interventional radiologists without major insertion complications and with a higher success rate than those reported in surgical placements. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: Aging is associated with an increased risk for atherosclerosis in which endothelial dysfunction is an early marker. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine if endothelial function is altered with increasing age in healthy subjects. Method: The study population consisted of 30 elderly and 36 younger subjects free from major cardiovascular risk factors. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed for each subject to rule out structural heart disease. Endothelial function was evaluated by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery via ultrasound. Results: Baseline characteristics of the elderly and the younger group were similar, except for age (mean age: 71.3 ± 5.8 vs. 26.5 ± 7.2). Transthoracic echocardiography was normal in all subjects. FMD of the elderly group was significantly lower than the younger group (7.9 ± 3.1 in the elderly, 10.8 ± 1.9 in the younger group, p < 0.001). A negative relationship was found between FMD and age (r = –0.528, p < 0.001). Conclusion: It can be concluded that endothelial function detected by FMD declines with increasing age in healthy human subjects. Advanced age is a predictor of impaired endothelial function. Copyright © 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Despite the high prevalence and potentially serious outcomes associated with concussion in athletes, there is little systematic research examining risk factors and short- and long-term outcomes.Objectives: To assess the relationship between concussion history and learning disability (LD) and the association of these variables with neuropsychological performance and to evaluate postconcussion recovery in a sample of college football players.Design, Setting, and Participants: A total of 393 athletes from 4 university football programs across the United States received preseason baseline evaluations between May 1997 and February 1999. Subjects who had subsequent football-related acute concussions (n = 16) underwent neuropsychological comparison with matched control athletes from within the sample (n = 10).Main Outcome Measures: Clinical interview, 8 neuropsychological measures, and concussion symptom scale ratings at baseline and after concussion.Results: Of the 393 players, 129 (34%) had experienced 1 previous concussion and 79 (20%) had experienced 2 or more concussions. Multivariate analysis of variance yielded significant main effects for both LD (P<.001) and concussion history (P=.009), resulting in lowered baseline neuropsychological performance. A significant interaction was found between LD and history of multiple concussions and LD on 2 neuropsychological measures (Trail-Making Test, Form B [P=.007] and Symbol Digit Modalities Test [P=.009]), indicating poorer performance for the group with LD and multiple concussions compared with other groups. A discriminant function analysis using neuropsychological testing of athletes 24 hours after acute in-season concussion compared with controls resulted in an overall 89.5% correct classification rate.Conclusions: Our study suggests that neuropsychological assessment is a useful indicator of cognitive functioning in athletes and that both history of multiple concussions and LD are associated with reduced cognitive performance. These variables may be detrimentally synergistic and should receive further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION There are many compelling reasons to make research open access (OA), but raising the awareness of faculty and administrators about OA is a struggle. Now that more and more funders are introducing OA policies, it is increasingly important that researchers understand OA and how to comply with these policies. U.K. researchers and their institutions have operated within a complex OA policy environment for many years, and academic libraries have been at the forefront of providing services and outreach to support them. This article discusses the results of a qualitative study that investigated effective practices and strategies of OA outreach in the United Kingdom. METHODS Semistructured interviews were conducted with 14 individuals at seven universities in the United Kingdom in late 2015. Transcripts of these interviews were analyzed for dominant themes using an inductive method of coding. RESULTS Themes were collected under the major headings of “The Message”; “Key Contacts and Relationships”; “Qualities of the OA Practitioner”; and “Advocacy versus Compliance.” DISCUSSION Results indicate that messages about OA need to be clear, concise, and jargon free. They need to be delivered repeatedly and creatively adapted to specific audiences. Identifying and building relationships with influencers and informers is key to the uptake of the message, and OA practitioners must have deep expertise to be credible as the messengers. CONCLUSION This timely research has immediate relevance to North American libraries as they contend with pressures to ramp up their own OA outreach and support services to assist researchers in complying with new federal funding policies.

It is known that wearing complete dentures may result in traumatic ulcers on the underlying denture bearing mucosa. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of topical application of honey on traumatic ulcers healing. Thirty-five completely edentulous patients without any medical conditions were included in this study. Traumatic ulcer areas were measured by the same clinician on the first and third days after placement of new fabricated complete dentures. Data were analysed by the Student's t-test. There was a significant difference between the salt water rinse group and honey application group in the overall patients' assessment (p<0·05). Visual analogue scale scores were obtained in study groups. There is evidence that honey relieved the symptoms earlier than salt water. It was concluded that the topical application of honey on traumatic ulcers was found effective in shortening the duration of wound healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evidence regarding the vascular basis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is growing. In vascular damage thrombomodulin tears of the cell wall and its level increases in the plasma. von Willebrand factor (vWF) is also thought to be a biomarker for vascular damage. The aim of this study was to examine the levels of vWF and thrombomodulin in AD as possible markers for vascular damage and to test their utility as an early biomarker in AD. Case-control study. Geriatric medicine outpatient clinic of a university hospital. Twenty Alzheimer’s disease patients free from vascular risk factors and 20 controls were enrolled in the study. Thrombomodulin and VWF levels of 20 AD patients and 20 controls were analyzed by commercial kits. Thrombomodulin levels were not different between Alzheimer’s disease and control groups [median (range) = 4.25 (2.27–37.00) ng/ml in Alzheimer’s disease and 3.55 (2.27–14.00) in control group, p=0.15]. Von Willebrand Factor antigen (%) levels were 188.5 (96–306) in Alzheimer’s disease, and 181 (112–284) in control group (p=0.74). Although vascular damage is thought to play role in the pathogenesis of AD, vWF and thrombomodulin failed to demonstrate the vascular damage in AD. Their utility to be used as early biomarkers of AD could not be shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRAK Tanaman Nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth) merupakan salah satu komoditas penghasil minyak atsiri andalan Indonesia.Nematoda parasit tumbuhan merupakan masalah umum di perkebunan Nilam, namun ada beberapa laporan terkait nematoda parasit tumbuhan pada tanaman Nilam.Oleh karena itu, eksplorasi nematoda parasit tumbuhan pada tanaman Nilam dilakukan untuk mengetahui genus dan populasi nematoda parasit tumbuhan yang berasosiasi dengan tanaman Nilam. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Nematologi, Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya Malang dan Laboratorium Karantina Tumbuhan, Balai Besar Karantina Pertanian Surabaya. Pengambilan sampel akar dan tanah dilakukan dengan metode eksplorasi. Sampel diambil dengan metode diagonal sebanyak lima kali, dengan interval waktu satu minggu. Seluruh sampel diekstraksi, diidentifikasi dan dilakukan perhitungan populasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat lima genus nematoda parasit tumbuhan pada pertanaman Nilam di desa Kesamben, yaitu Paratylenchus sp., Pratylenchus sp., Meloidogyne sp., Aphelenchoides sp. dan Tylenchus sp. Kerapatan populasi tertinggi dimiliki oleh Meloidogyne sp. sedangkan populasi terendah dimiliki oleh Tylenchus sp. Kerapatan populasi dan sebaran dari masing-masing jenis nematoda berbeda-beda, baik pada akar tanaman maupun tanah. Kata kunci: Kerapatan populasi, nemato daparasit tumbuhan, nilam

The meaning of fractions with integer multiplication is something thatis difficult to understand by students. They tend to think that theproduct it produces a larger number, while the multiplication offractions with integers, the result can be any number larger or smaller. This study is a research design that aims to develop a local instructional theory to support the students expand their understanding of the meaning of multiplication of fractions with integers. By applying the characteristics of realistic mathematics education (Realistic Mathematics Education), the researchers designed a series of instructional activities related to daily life, such as Indonesia prepares dishes and equitable distribution. Participants of this study were Grade 5 students from an elementary school in Surabaya, along with a mathematics teacher of that class. Some students of the class participated in the first cycle, in order to see how the design of the hypothetical learning trajectory (Hypothetical Learning Trajectory) is running. After going through several revisions, HLT is then implemented in all the other students in grade 5. The results showed that students' prior knowledge affect their learning process. The fractions solve multiplication problems with whole numbers, some students convert the integers to fractions and then use a fraction by a fraction multiplication procedure. The learning process begins with students exploring the contextual situation of fair division, where students extend their understanding that the fraction associated with the division and multiplication. One indicator that the student has broadened his understanding is the more varied representation of the given problem.

This paper focuses on an implementation a sequence of instructionalactivities about addition of fractions that has been developed andimplemented in grade four of primary school in Surabaya, Indonesia.The theory of Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) has been applied in the sequence, which aims to assist low attaining learners in supporting students’ thinking in the addition of fractions. Based on the premise that eliciting and addressing learners’ alternative conceptions in mathematics is beneficial in assisting them to improve their understanding, the paper seeks to explore the role that RME plays pertaining to this particular supposition. The paper presents and discusses examples of learners’ responses to contextual problems given to them during the course of the instructional activities.

This paper focuses on an implementation a sequence of instructional activities about addition of fractions that has been developed and implemented in grade four of primary school in Surabaya, Indonesia. The theory of Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) has been applied in the sequence, which aims to assist low attaining learners in supporting students’ thinking in the addition of fractions. Based on the premise that eliciting and addressing learners’ alternative conceptions in mathematics is beneficial in assisting them to improve their understanding, the paper seeks to explore the role that RME plays pertaining to this particular supposition. The paper presents and discusses examples of learners’ responses to contextual problems given to them during the course of the instructional activities. Keywords: Realistic Mathematics Education, mathematical thinking, a sequence of instructional activities DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22342/jme.3.1.620.55-70

This study aimed at investigating the progress of students’ learning onmultiplication fractions with natural numbers through the five activitylevels based on Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) approachproposed by Streefland. Design research was chosen to achieve thisresearch goal. In design research, the Hypothetical Learning Trajectory(HLT) plays important role as a design and research instrument. ThisHLT tested to thirty-seven students of grade five primary school (i.e.SDN 179 Palembang).The result of the classroom practices showed that measurement (length)activity could stimulate students’ to produce fractions as the first levelin learning multiplication of fractions with natural numbers.Furthermore, strategies and tools used by the students in partitioninggradually be developed into a more formal mathematics in whichnumber line be used as the model of measuring situation and the modelfor more formal reasoning. The number line then could bring thestudents to the last activity level, namely on the way to rules formultiplying fractions with natural numbers. Based on this findings, it is suggested that Streefland’s five activity levels can be used as aguideline in learning multiplication of fractions with natural numbers in which the learning process become a more progressive learning.

In 2005 and 2009, BKP and WFP has provided food security conditions in Indonesia on Food Insecurity Map which were developed using food availability, food accessibility, food absorption and food vulnerability. There are 100 out of 265 districts in Indonesia or about 37,7%, which fall into the vulnerable to very vulnerable categories, where 11 districts were found in Java. The main objective of this research is to develope a spatial model of the rice production vulnerability (KPB) based on Remote Sensing and GIS technologies for estimating the food insecurity condition. Several criteria used to obtain food vulnerability information are percentage level of green vegetation (PV), rainfall anomaly (ACH), land degradation due to erosion (Deg), and paddy harvest failure due to drought and flood in paddy field (BK). Dynamic spatial information on the greenness level of land cover can be obtained from multitemporal EVI (Enhanced vegetation Index) of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data. Spatial information of paddy harvest failure caused by drought and flood was estimated by using vegetation index, land surface temperature, rainfall and moisture parameters with advance image processing of multitemporal EVI MODIS data. The GIS technology were used to perform spatial modelling based on weighted overlay index (multicriteria analysis). The method for computing weight of factors in the vulnerability model was AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process). The spatial model of production vulnerability (KPB) developed in this study is as follows: KPB = 0,102 PV + 0,179 Deg + 0,276 ACH + 0,443 BK. In this study, level of production vulnerability can be categorized into six classes, i.e.: (1) invulnerable; (2) very low vulnerability; (3) low vulnerability; (4) moderately vulnerable; (5) highly vulnerable; and (6) extremely vulnerable. The result of spatial modelling then was used to evaluate progress production vulnerability condition at several sub-districts in Indramayu Regency. According to the investigation results of WFP in 2005, this area fall into moderately vulnerable category. Only few sub-districts that fall into highly and extremely vulnerable during the period of May ~ August 2008, namely: Kandanghaur, Losarang, part of Lohbener, and Arahan. Keywords: remote sensing, GIS, food vulnerability, vegetation index, AHP

Background: This analysis sought to identify potential clinical targets for the suicide crisis. Characteristics of a useful clinical target include elevation at the time of suicide crisis and responsiveness to rapid-acting interventions. Suicidal ideation (SI), depression, and hopelessness were hypothesized to meet these criteria., Methods: Participants were 118 adults across the continuum of suicide risk, including 14 high-risk (HR) individuals who had attempted or seriously considered suicide within the last two weeks. Clinical characteristics were evaluated by: 1) comparing individuals with a recent crisis state to those whose suicide crises had resolved; 2) quantifying responses to a semi-structured interview about the time just before a suicide crisis; and 3) comparing symptomatology before and after an open-label ketamine infusion (0.5 mg/kg) in a subset of the HR group (n = 10)., Results: As hypothesized, SI, depression, and hopelessness were elevated just after a suicide crisis and responded to ketamine, although findings were mixed depending on the assessment used. Psychological pain and traumatic stress symptoms were also associated with the suicide crisis and responded to ketamine. Participants reported high levels of SI, depression, and anxiety just before their suicide attempt., Limitations: Limitations include the small sample size, inconsistent assessments across analyses, and that ketamine was the only intervention examined., Conclusions: These results underscore the importance of SI, depression, hopelessness, psychological pain, and traumatic stress in this population, all of which were elevated during the suicide crisis and responded to ketamine. A multifactorial and longitudinal approach is indicated to assess and treat suicide risk., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest Dr. Zarate is listed as a co-inventor on a patent for the use of ketamine in major depression and suicidal ideation; as a co-inventor on a patent for the use of (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine, (S)-dehydronorketamine, and other stereoisomeric dehydroxylated and hydroxylated metabolites of (R,S)-ketamine metabolites in the treatment of depression and neuropathic pain; and as a co-inventor on a patent application for the use of (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine and (2S,6S)-hydroxynorketamine in the treatment of depression, anxiety, anhedonia, suicidal ideation, and post-traumatic stress disorder. He has assigned his patent rights to the U.S. government but will share a percentage of any royalties that may be received by the government. All other authors have no conflict of interest to disclose, financial or otherwise., (Published by Elsevier B.V.)

The first comprehensive analysis of halogenated organic compounds (HOCs), including 209 full congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 26 organochlorinated pesticides (OCPs), 41 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and four other brominated flame retardants (BFRs), was performed on surface mangrove sediments from Bintan Island, Province of the Riau Archipelago, Indonesia. Among the measured HOC contaminants, the mean concentration of ∑ 209 PCBs (2.3 ± 0.96 ng g -1 dw) was higher than that of p,p'-DDE (1.8 ± 0.70 ng g -1 dw), ∑ 41 PBDEs (1.8 ± 1.1 ng g -1 dw), trans-nonachlor (0.42 ± 0.13 ng g -1 dw), and other BFRs (0.20 ± 0.29 ng g -1 dw), while other OCP related compounds less than 0.2 ng g -1 dw. In addition, concentrations of unintentionally produced PCBs such as PCB-11 and PCB-47/48/75 ranged from 0.57 to 1.5 ng g -1 dw. Variations in HOCs accumulation and profiles among mangrove habitats and species indicate different anthropogenic stressors and species-specific accumulations. The ecological risk estimation from HOCs exposure on dwelling sediment biota in mangrove sediments varied from no risk to potentially causing adverse effects in several locations. Overall, this study provides fundamental information on the function of mangrove ecosystems as an accumulation zone for HOCs in tropical regions., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs) comprising the majority of cases. Among the common driver mutations, KRAS plays a critical role in guiding treatment strategies. This study evaluates the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) in KRAS -mutant NSCLCs and investigates their associations with clinicopathological findings. Methods: A total of 85 cases with KRAS mutations were analyzed. Immunohistochemical staining for HIF-1α and PD-L1 was performed, and their relationships with mutation status and prognostic variables were assessed. Results: A significant correlation was identified between HIF-1α expression and PD-L1 expression in tumor cells. While the KRAS G12C mutation was not significantly associated with HIF-1α expression in tumor cells, it demonstrated a notable relationship with HIF-1α expression in the tumor microenvironment and PD-L1 expression. However, PD-L1 and HIF-1α expression did not significantly influence overall survival outcomes. Conclusions: Expression of PD-L1 was positively correlated with HIF-1α, which may provide evidence for a novel therapy targeting PD-L1 and HIF-1α in NSCLC. Further comprehensive studies are warranted to elucidate the prognostic implications of tumor-microenvironment and mutation interactions.

Alpha-synuclein gene promoter (SNCA Rep1) polymorphism has been linked to Parkinson's Disease (PD) susceptibility and motor symptom severity, but less is known about its longitudinal relationship with non-motor symptom severity. To address this gap, this is the first longitudinal study over 4 years investigating the relationship between Rep1 allele length and non-motor function amongst 208 early PD patients grouped into long ( n = 111) vs. short ( n = 97) Rep1 allele carriers. Long Rep1 carriers demonstrated faster decline in global cognition ( p = 0.023) and increasing apathy ( p = 0.027), with greater decline in attention and memory domains ( p = 0.001), highlighting the utility of Rep1 polymorphism in stratifying patients at risk of non-motor symptom decline.

Background: The World Professional Association for Transgender Health guidelines Standards of Care 8 draw on ethical arguments based on individual autonomy, to argue that healthcare and other professionals should be advocates for trans people. Such guidelines presume the presence of medical services for trans people and a degree of consensus on medical ethics. Very little is known, however, about the ethical challenges associated with both providing and accessing trans healthcare, including gender affirmation, in the Global South. In light of the challenges associated with medical and legal gender affirmation in Indonesia, we conducted a qualitative study to understand the views of trans people, healthcare providers, and legal practitioners., Methods: In this qualitative study, we drew on a participatory methodology to conduct 46 semi-structured interviews between October and December 2023, with trans people (10 trans feminine people and 10 trans masculine people, each interviewed twice) and key informants (three healthcare providers and three lawyers and paralegals). Trans people were a central part of the research team from inception through to analysis and writing. Participants were recruited via community-led sampling. Data analysis of interview data took place through an immersion/crystallisation technique and preliminary inductive coding which highlighted key quotes. We focused on an inductive analysis using participant narratives to identify key concepts in the ethics of gender affirmation in Indonesia., Results: We characterize the ethics of supportive healthcare workers, community members, and family members, as that akin to "accomplices," a concept of ethics used in theories of racial justice which evaluate a willingness to support people to navigate laws and regulations which perpetuate injustices and violence. Overall, both trans people and key informants shared an understanding that the legal status of gender-affirming medical care was particularly ambiguous in Indonesia due to a lack of clarity in both laws and regulations. For trans participants, ethical arguments for the validity of legal and medical gender affirmation was premised on evidence that their gender identity and expression was already recognized within society, even if limited to immediate friends and family. Given that all participants expressed a desire for gender affirmation, but such services were widely unavailable, accomplices played a crucial role in supporting trans people to access healthcare., Conclusions: An empirical study based on an "ethics from below" helps to show that arguments grounded in autonomy, or based on biomedical evidence, are unlikely to alter unjust laws or facilitate a change to pathologizing guidelines governing understanding of trans people's healthcare and legal needs in Indonesia. We provide an analysis that is sensitive to the ethics of facilitating gender affirmation in a context where that process is inherently social, and often articulated in relation to a prevailing religious morality., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was approved by the ethics committee of Atma Jaya Catholic University, Jakarta (0007 W/III/PPPE.PM.10.05/08/2023), the University of New South Wales Sydney (HC230454), and issued a National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) research permit (513/SIP/IV/FR/10/2023). After approval, the researcher sent these details to the Indonesian National Transgender Network, which shared these details internally for discussion, and a member of the organization nominated as the community researcher. In line with respondent-based sampling, prospective participants were nominated by the community researcher, who were then contacted by a research assistant. If participants expressed interest, informed consent guidelines and participant information sheet were shared. At the time of interview, these details were shared once more, and written voluntary informed consent for participation obtained. The research was carried out in accordance with relevant national and international guidelines for research involving human subjects. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; Peatlands are unique ecosystems rich in microbial diversity, including bacteria with potential antibiotic activity. This study focuses on the isolation and characterization of bacteria from Indonesian peat soil, particularly their potential to produce antibiotics against multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, including Methicillin-Resistant &lt;i&gt;Staphylococcus aureus&lt;/i&gt; (MRSA). &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Bacterial isolates were rejuvenated on nutrient agar and subjected to antimicrobial activity testing using the Bauer & Kirby diffusion method against MRSA. The bacterial strain exhibiting the strongest activity was further analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing for genetic identification. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using NCBI BLAST, followed by a statistical comparison of inhibition zones to assess antimicrobial efficacy. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Antimicrobial activity testing revealed that isolate 10 PS exhibited a larger inhibition zone against MRSA than the positive control, Ampicillin, indicating its strong antibiotic potential. Phylogenetic analysis further confirmed that the isolate belonged to the &lt;i&gt;Lysinibacillus&lt;/i&gt; genus, though significant branch divergence suggested it may represent a novel species. This isolate's lack of endospore production, typically characteristic of the genus, alongside its isolation from the unique Indonesian peatland ecosystem, suggests potential microbial adaptations to environmental pressures. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; These findings highlight the potential of peat soil bacteria as a valuable source of novel antibiotics, particularly against MDR pathogens like MRSA. The proposed new species, isolate 10 PS (cataloged as SUB14736623), expands taxonomic knowledge of &lt;i&gt;Lysinibacillus&lt;/i&gt; and holds promise for developing natural antibiotic treatments.

Background: The CHOICES intervention is tailored specifically for young adults with sickle cell disease (SCD) or sickle cell trait (SCT). The face-to-face (F2F) delivery format is feasible with efficacy for improving knowledge about reproductive health for those with SCD or SCT., Purpose: The purpose of the study was to compare the participant adherence to a remote online CHOICES intervention study ( N = 107) and a F2F CHOICES intervention study ( N = 234)., Methodology: In both studies, participants with SCD or SCT were randomized into experimental or usual care control groups. Descriptive statistics were collected for all participants by group in both studies. Adherence was measured by retention at each data collection time point. Independent t -tests were conducted to compare mean participant adherence of the F2F and online studies postbaseline (6, 12, 18, and 24 months)., Results: There was a significant difference in mean adherence postbaseline between the studies ( p = .005). The results suggest that more research is necessary for proper online participant retention., Conclusion: Advance practice nurses that are well informed on CHOICES can transmit the availability of this evidence-based intervention to this special population. Special referral for the CHOICES intervention, which is tailored specifically for young adults with SCD or SCT, may increase adherence to the intervention if it comes from trusted health care providers., Implications: Nurse practitioners are educators in primary and acute care settings. Encounters with reproductive age populations with SCD or SCT can occur in both settings., Competing Interests: Competing interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 American Association of Nurse Practitioners.)