Search

Depression and college stress, major concerns among undergraduates, are potentially related to self-esteem and mattering. This study investigated the interrelationships among these four variables. Participants included college students (199 males and 256 females) between the ages of 18 and 23. Significant sex differences were found with women reporting greater depression, college stress, and mattering. Sex, self-esteem, and mattering accounted for 13.8% and 39.4% of the variance in stress and depression, respectively. Accounting for 49.1% of the variance, the full model including sex, self-esteem, and mattering enhanced the ability of stress to predict depression. All of the study hypotheses were supported. (Contains 2 tables.)

The presence of multiple bleeding symptoms and/or severe bleeding symptom(s) contribute to a higher score and therefore a greater chance of a bleeding disorder diagnosis. There is bleeding at a critical site (e.g., ICH, retinal haemorrhage, gastrointestinal haemorrhage, intraspinal haemorrhage, haemarthrosis) with no correlating history of trauma or other explanation that adequately accounts for the bleeding. ISTH/SSC bleeding assessment tool: a standardized questionnaire and a proposal for a new bleeding score for inherited bleeding disorders. A standardised bleeding assessment tool, e.g., the International Society for Haemostasis and Thrombosis Bleeding Assessment Tool (ISTH-BAT), can be used to quantitate bleeding symptoms in order to generate a bleeding score. [Extracted from the article]

To authenticate to the full-text of this article, please visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2009.00856.x Byline: Sarah E. A. Dixon (1), Klaus E. Meyer (1), Marc Day (2) Abstract: abstract How do organizations previously dominated by the state develop dynamic capabilities that would support their growth in a competitive market economy? We develop a theoretical framework of organizational transformation that explains the processes by which organizations learn and develop dynamic capabilities in transition economies. Specifically, the framework theorizes about the importance of, and inter-relationships between, leadership, organizational learning, dynamic capabilities, and performance over three stages of transformation. Propositions derived from this framework explain the pre-conditions enabling organizational learning, the linkages between types of learning and functions of dynamic capabilities, and the feedback from dynamic capabilities to organizational learning that allows firms in transition economies to regain their footing and build long-term competitive advantage. We focus on transition contexts, where these processes have been magnified and thus offer new insights into strategizing in radically altered environments. Author Affiliation: (1)University of Bath; (2)Henley Business School, University of Reading Article note: Sarah E. A. Dixon, University of Bath, School of Management, Bath BA2 7AY, UK (s.e.a.dixon@bath.ac.uk).

The majority of works in metabolomics employ approaches based on principal components analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares, primarily to determine whether samples rail within large groups. However, analytical chemists rarely tackle the problem of individual fingerprinting, and in order to do this effectively, it is necessary to study a large number of small groups rather than a small number of large groups and different approaches are required, as described in this paper. Furthermore, many metabolomic studies on mammals and humans involve analyzing compounds (of peaks) that are present in only a certain portion of samples, and conventional approaches of PCA do not cope well with sparse matrices where there may be many Os. There is, however, a large number of qualitative similarity measures available for this purpose that can be exploited via principal coordinates analysis (PCO). It can be shown that PCA scores are a specific case of PCO scores, using a quantitative similarity measure. A large-scale study of human sweat consisting of nearly 1000 gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses from the sweat of an isolated population of 200 individuals in Carinthia (Southern Austria) sampled once per fortnight over 10 weeks was employed in this study and grouped into families. The first step was to produce a peak table requiring peak detection, alignment, and integration. Peaks were reduced from 5080 to 373 that occurred in at least i individual over 4 out of 5 fortnights. Both qualitative (presence/absence) and quantitative (equivalent to PCA) similarity measures can be computed. PCO and the Kolomorogov-Smirnoff (KS) rank test are applied to these similarity matrices. It is shown that for this data set there is a reproducible individual fingerprint, which is best represented using the qualitative similarity measure as assessed both by the Hotelling [t.sup.2] statistic as applied to PCO scores and the probabilities associated with the KS rank test.

Background: Medical education, residency training, and the structure of child neurology residency training programs are evolving. We sought to evaluate how training program selection priorities of child neurology residency applicants have changed over time.Methods: An electronic survey was sent to child neurology residents and practicing child neurologists via the Professors of Child Neurology distribution list in the summer of 2018. It was requested that the survey be disseminated to current trainees and alumni of the programs. The survey consisted of seven questions assessing basic demographics and a list of factors applicants consider when choosing a residency.Results: There were 284 responses with a higher representation of individuals matriculating into residency in the last decade. More recent medical school graduates had a lower probability of considering curriculum as an important factor for residency selection (odds ratio [OR], 0.746; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.568 to 0.98; P = 0.035) and higher priority placed on interaction with current residents over the course of the interview day (OR, 2.207; 95% CI, 1.486 to 3.278; P < 0.0001), sense of resident happiness and well-being (OR, 2.176; 95% CI, 1.494 to 3.169; P < 0.0001), and perception of city or geography of the residency program (OR, 1.710; 95% CI, 1.272 to 2.298; P < 0.001).Conclusions: Over time, child neurology residency applicants are putting more emphasis on quality of life factors over curriculum. To accommodate these changes, child neurology residency programs should prioritize interactions with residents during the interview process and resident wellness initiatives throughout residency training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, we demonstrate that the upregulation of catalase is required to compensate for the loss of nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (NNT) to maintain hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) steady-state levels in C57BL/6J liver mitochondria. Our investigations using the closely related mouse strains C57BL/6NJ (6NJ; +NNT) and C57BL/6J (6J; -NNT) revealed that NNT is required for the provision of NADPH and that the upregulation of isocitrate dehydrogenase-2 (IDH2) activity is not enough to compensate for the absence of NNT, which is consistent with previous observations. Intriguingly, despite the absence of NNT, 6J mitochondria had rates of H 2 O 2 production (58.56 ± 3.79 pmol mg−1 min−1) that were similar to samples collected from 6NJ mice (72.75 ± 14.26 pmol mg−1 min−1) when pyruvate served as the substrate. However, 6NJ mitochondria energized with succinate produced significantly less H 2 O 2 (59.95 ± 2.13 pmol mg−1 min−1) when compared to samples from 6J mice (116.39 ± 20.74 pmol mg−1 min−1), an effect that was attributed to the presence of NNT. Further investigations into the H 2 O 2 eliminating capacities of these mitochondria led to the novel observation that 6J mitochondria compensate for the loss of NNT by upregulating catalase. Indeed, 6NJ and 6J mitochondria energized with pyruvate or succinate displayed similar rates for H 2 O 2 elimination, quenching ~84% and ~86% of the H 2 O 2 , respectively, in the surrounding medium within 30 s. However, inclusion of palmitoyl-CoA, an NNT inhibitor, significantly limited H 2 O 2 degradation by 6NJ mitochondria only (~55% of H 2 O 2 eliminated in 30 s). Liver mitochondria from 6J mice treated with palmitoyl-CoA still cleared ~80% of the H 2 O 2 from the surrounding environment. Inhibition of catalase with triazole compromised the capacity of 6J mitochondria to maintain H 2 O 2 steady-state levels. By contrast, disabling NADPH-dependent antioxidant systems had a limited effect on the H 2 O 2 clearing capacity of 6J mitochondria. Liver mitochondria collected from 6NJ mice, on the other hand, were more reliant on the GSH and TRX systems to clear exogenously added H 2 O 2. However, catalase still played an integral in eliminating H 2 O 2 in 6NJ liver mitochondria. Immunoblot analyses demonstrated that catalase protein levels were ~7.7-fold higher in 6J mitochondria. Collectively, our findings demonstrate for the first time that 6J liver mitochondria compensate for the loss of NNT by increasing catalase levels for the maintenance of H 2 O 2 steady-state levels. In general, our observations reveal that catalase is an integral arm of the antioxidant response in liver mitochondria. Image 1 • NNT is integral for maintaining H 2 O 2 steady-state levels. • Loss of NNT increases mitochondrial catalase levels. • Compensatory increase in catalase preserves H 2 O 2 homeostasis. • Loss of NNT also increases IDH2 and proton leaks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study was conducted to understand the structural factors that control the adsorption of acid dyes onto cotton (cellulose), the adsorption of 15 acid dyes from water. The adsorption enthalpy is controlled by the position of the water-solubilizing groups on the dye as these groups lift the aromatic dye core from the cellulose surface and high adsorption enthalpies are provided by dyes which allow as much as the aromatic core to come close to the cellulose surface as possible.

The inadequate knowledge of bird species among UK school students, which shows the insufficiency in field-ecology teaching, and the need for improving environmental knowledge, are discussed.