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Whether watching a movie, sports game, or musical performance, consumers often seek entertainment experiences that are produced by one or more individuals. And although consumers often witness producers acting spontaneously , little is known about the preference for spontaneity in entertainment. Six studies, including real consumer-relevant decisions and a Facebook field experiment, reveal that consumers prefer spontaneity (vs. planned behavior) across several entertainment contexts, as spontaneous producers seem more authentic than planned producers. At the same time, however, spontaneous actions are also believed to beget lower-quality outcomes, suggesting that consumers generally prefer spontaneity even despite the possibility of reduced quality. Subsequent experiments examine the characteristics of the entertainment context and the producer to provide further insight into how consumers manage the authenticity–quality tradeoff: by shaping when and why spontaneity is associated with increased authenticity and decreased quality expectations, as well as the relative importance of these dimensions, higher-stakes contexts (e.g. when consumers' outcomes are enmeshed with the producer's), negative inferences about spontaneity (e.g. laziness, lack of concern), and low-competence producers attenuate the effects. Together, this research advances knowledge about spontaneity and authenticity and has implications for those seeking to produce appealing entertainment experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Academic career development is a fundamental strategy for higher education institutions to achieve strategic objectives and in turn, critical for the achievement and sustainability of national priorities. While the value of a career management strategy is agreed and various normative designs for career management systems have been identified, there is no comprehensive career management approach to provide a framework for the successful management of academic careers across the various career stages. The aim of this study was therefore to systematically review the empirical research recorded on academic career development programmes that could inform and support the development of a structured career management framework for academics. A systems thinking framework (STF), which identifies the individual, social and socio-environment as the key systems, was used to categorise and thematically examine the sample articles which formed part of the study. While the STF recognises the individual as central to the career development process, the predominant programmes are constructed in the social system, with a clear focus on what institutions could do to support the career trajectory of academics. These programmes include coaching and mentoring for early career academics, together with the development of academic writing skills. Minimal research that explicitly describes the interaction and inseparability of these systems as a central construct of the STF is found. There is also no clear evidence of how the higher education context within the socio-environmental system is considered and captured during the management of academic careers. This article concludes by identifying critical considerations for the development of an academic career management framework.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent organic pollutants in the urban environment, because of their hydrophobic and lipophilic character, PAHs is an easily enriched in sludge, which is by-product of sewage treatment and widely used in cultivated land. Xuchang city is an important grain production area in China, the amount of sludge for agricultural utilization in Xuchang city is gradually increasing during recent years. To investigate the concentrations, potential sources and ecological risk of PAHs in sludge of Xuchang City, dewatered sludge samples from 10 large-scale sewage treatment plants were collected and analyzed. The results showed that the total concentration of PAHs varied from 1835 to 7188 µg/kg, with a mean value of 4362 µg/kg. The average value of PAHs concentration met the limit of China's agricultural sludge control standard, while the total concentrations of PAHs from HY, YC and RH exceeded the control standard and cannot be directly used for agricultural utilization. PAHs mainly contain 4~6 rings species, while 2~3 rings species occur rarely. The source tracing results showed that vehicle exhaust, industrial sources, coal and wood combustion are the main sources of PAHs in sludge. The ecological risk assessment showed that the toxic equivalent concentration TEQBaP16 range from 75.5 to 760.2 µg/kg and TEQBaPcancer range from 74.6 to 758.5 µg/kg. TEQBaPcancer accounts for up to 98% of TEQBaP16, suggesting that carcinogenic PAHs species are the main contributors to the risk of PAHs. TEQBaP10 in this study was almost 8 times higher than that specified value in the agricultural soil standard. The result of risk assessment suggests that PAHs in sludge of Xuchang City pose serious ecological and carcinogenic risk. Therefore, sludge must be conducted harmless treatment before agricultural utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to understand the heavy metal contamination of soils around of Quandian coal mine, Henan province of China, soil samples around the coal mining area were collected and measured the concentration of heavy metal (Zn, Mn, Pb, Cr, Cu), the contamination levels and ecological risk were evaluated using the geo-accumulation index, enrich factor and potential ecological risk index. The results show that the Zn, Mn, Pb, Cr and Cu concentrations are 70.0~99.0 mg/kg, 352.0~451.0 mg/kg, 30.0~50.0 mg/kg, 34.5~68.0 mg/kg and 31.0~60.0 mg/kg, and the mean values of Zn, Pb and Cu exceed the background values. According to the results of Igeo and EF, Zn, Mn and Cr have uncontaminated to minor enrichment levels, and Pb and Cu have moderately contaminated to minor and moderate enrichment levels. The rank of potential ecological risk coefficient is Cu > Pb > Cr > Zn > Mn. The mean values of potential ecological risk index is 23.79, suggesting low comprehensive ecological risk in soil samples. Pb and Cu are account over 85% contribution to RI, suggesting Pb and Cu are the main polluting elements and special attention should be paid on Pb and Cu contamination in soils around Quandian coal mine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous observational studies suggest that the surface time-varying magnetic field of Mars originates in large part from the dynamo currents in the Martian ionosphere. However, whether there are significant differences in the strength, configuration, diurnal, and seasonal variations of the dynamo currents above different regions need to be further studied. In this study, using the ionospheric parameters from Mars Climate Database version 5.3 (MCD v5.3) and 7 years of MAVEN magnetic field measurements, we compare the ionospheric dynamo currents above the landing sites of InSight (4.50°N, 135.62°E) and Zhurong (25.07°N, 109.90°E) and the resulting surface magnetic variations at the two landing sites by conducting a modeling study. We find that the average dynamo current as well as its diurnal magnetic field amplitude on the Martian surface is significantly stronger at InSight than that at Zhurong due to the stronger background magnetic field strength and more perpendicular angle between magnetic field and neutral wind vectors in the dynamo region, though the conductivities is always weaker over InSight landing site. The seasonal variation of the current intensity (represented by differences between northern winter and summer solstices) is prominent over InSight than that over Zhurong because the heliospheric distance effect-resulted conductivity difference is the dominate factor for the seasonal variations over InSight while both the heliospheric distance and solar zenith angle (SZA) contribute to the current intensity at different Ls over Zhurong. The two factors partially offset each other and lead to a smaller seasonal variation. The role of crustal field, as well as the latitude effects on dynamo currents is also discussed. This study provides an attempt to promote the understanding of the solar wind-induced magnetosphere-ionosphere-surface coupling process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A maverick top partner model, decaying to a dark photon was suggested. The dark photon decays to two overlapping electrons for dark photon masses of $\approx 100$ GeV, and results in a so-called lepton-jet. The event includes a top quark as well, which results in events with two boosted objects, one heavy and the other light. We propose a search strategy exploiting the unique signal topology. We show that for a set of kinematic selections, both in hadronic and leptonic decay channel of the SM top quark, almost all background can be eliminated, leaving enough signal events up to top partner mass of about 3 TeV for the search to be viable at the LHC.

Consumers have grown increasingly skeptical of brands, leaving managers in a dire search for novel ways to connect. The authors suggest that focusing on one's relationships with competitors is a valuable, albeit unexpected, way for brands to do so. More specifically, the present research demonstrates that praising one's competitor—via "brand-to-brand praise"—often heightens preference for the praiser more so than other common forms of communication, such as self-promotion or benevolent information. This is because brand-to-brand praise increases perceptions of brand warmth, which leads to enhanced brand evaluations and choice. The authors support this theory with seven studies conducted in the lab, online, and in the field that feature multiple managerially relevant outcomes, including brand attitudes, social media and advertising engagement, brand choice, and purchase behavior, in a variety of product and service contexts. The authors also identify key boundary conditions and rule out alternative explanations, further elucidating the underlying mechanism and important implementation insights. This work contributes to the understanding of brand perception and warmth, providing a novel way for brands to connect to consumers by connecting with each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The information on plasma pressure in the outer part of the inner magnetosphere is important for simulations of the inner magnetosphere and a better understanding of its dynamics. Based on 17‐year observations from both Cluster Ion Spectrometry and Research with Adaptive Particle Imaging Detector instruments onboard the Cluster mission, we used machine‐learning‐based models to predict proton plasma pressure at energies from ∼40 eV to 4 MeV in the outer part of the inner magnetosphere (L∗ ${L}^{\ast }$ = 5–9). Proton pressure distributions are assumed to be isotropic. The location in the magnetosphere, the property of stably trapped particles, and parameters of solar, solar wind, and geomagnetic activity from the OMNI database are used as predictors. We trained several different machine‐learning‐based models and compared their performances with observations. The results demonstrate that the Extra‐Trees Regressor has the best predicting performance. The Spearman correlation between the observations and predictions by the model is about 70%. The most important parameter for predicting proton pressure in our model is the L∗ ${L}^{\ast }$ value, which relates to the property of stably trapped particles. The most important predictor of solar and geomagnetic activity is F10.7 index. Based on the observations and predictions by our model, we find that no matter under quiet or disturbed geomagnetic conditions, both the dusk‐dawn asymmetry at the dayside with higher pressure at the duskside and the day‐night asymmetry with higher pressure at the nightside occur. Our results have direct practical applications, for instance, inputs for simulations of the inner magnetosphere or the reconstruction of the 3‐D magnetospheric electric current system based on the magnetostatic equilibrium. Plain Language Summary: The distribution of the plasma pressure in the magnetosphere is a key parameter for the assessment of the magnetostatic equilibrium, the dynamics of geomagnetic storms, and the magnetospheric electric current system. In addition, the outer part of the inner magnetosphere is often used as the boundary in the inner magnetosphere simulations, where the initial composition is specified. Thus, the distribution of the plasma pressure at this boundary is essential for the simulations of the inner magnetosphere and understanding of the underlying magnetospheric dynamic processes. Although, there are many previous studies on the distribution of plasma pressure, building a model to predict the 3‐D distribution of proton pressure remains challenging. Based on 17 years of data from the Cluster spacecraft mission, a machine‐learning‐based model for predicting proton pressure at energies from ∼40 eV to 4 MeV in the outer part of the inner magnetosphere is built. We set up the 3‐D model for the prediction of the proton pressure depending on the location, the property of stably trapped particles, solar wind, and geomagnetic activity indices. The model gives reliable predictions and can be used for the interpretation of the dynamics of the inner magnetosphere under different geomagnetic conditions. Key Points: A machine learning model is created to predict the 3‐D distribution of proton pressure at L∗ ${L}^{\ast }$ = 5–9 for energies ∼40 eV–4 MeVOur model based on Extra‐Trees Regressor reproduces well the global distributions as well as the pressure along a spacecraft trajectoryThe results of our model are helpful for the interpretation of proton pressure in the outer part of the magnetosphere [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Francis A Fakoya, Maira du Plessis, Ikechi B Gbenimacho Department of Anatomical Sciences, St George’s University School of Medicine, St George’s University, Grenada, West Indies Objectives: In recent years, the use and portability of ultrasound has threatened the utility of the stethoscope, with many debating and even advocating its replacement. The authors set out to assess opinions in this regard among faculty within a medical school and specifically within an anatomy department where ultrasound is incorporated into the curriculum from the first term. Methods: A debate was elicited during a biweekly Anatomy Journal Club session and was centered on three published papers presented. Several questions were raised regarding the possible replacement of stethoscope – the value of early exposure to students as well as how ultrasound and stethoscope should be considered by physicians, students, and teachers.Results: The general consensus was that the stethoscope should not be replaced but should be used in conjunction with emerging portable ultrasound. Caution was given that technology could “overcomplicate” diagnosis and lead to increased tests resulting in increased cost of care. In terms of exposing students to ultrasound, just as the stethoscope requires practice to use effectively, so does the ultrasound and should be introduced as early on as possible. As is the case with the stethoscope, students may not initially appreciate all the finer details on ultrasound; however, continual use would improve skill. Conclusion: The stethoscope should always remain part of the physical examination and ­ultrasound should be used in addition to, not replacement of. As technology advances the need for apprenticeship, training increases and students of the medical profession should be exposed to these technologies as early as possible. Hence, it is not yet time to archive the stethoscope. Perhaps never. Keywords: ultrasound technology, stethoscope, gross anatomy, physical examination, clinical skills, medical education