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Fe2TiO5 has attracted extensive attention as a promising photoanode for solar water splitting. However, its water splitting performance still needs to be improved. Here, a Zn2+-doped Fe2TiO5 photoanode decorated with a FeNi(OH)x cocatalyst was prepared by a two-step electrospray technique, and the photocurrent density of the resultant photoanode significantly increased by a factor of seven at 1.23 V vs. RHE compared to pristine Fe2TiO5, while the cathodic shift of the onset potential was up to 250 mV. The obvious improvement on the photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance can be attributed to the cooperative effect of heteroatom doping and cocatalyst deposition. The doping of Zn2+ optimizes electron transfer and promotes charge separation efficiency in the bulk of Fe2TiO5 films. Meanwhile, the FeNi(OH)x cocatalyst can accelerate oxygen evolution kinetics and suppress charge recombination at the electrode/electrolyte interface. Thus, combining doping with a cocatalyst by facile electrospray offers an effective strategy for the development of high-performance photoanodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prefabricated building holds promise for quality, efficiency, and sustainability when compared to traditional techniques. However, realizing prefabricated building work hinges on strengthening supply chain resilience. This research assesses interdependent risks undermining prefab network continuity during disruption. Questionnaire data from industry experts informed a structural equation model quantifying pathways between component production, construction, information, and other uncertainties. Findings confirm that project delays can be traced to manufacturing and on-site risks, with information gaps broadly propagating impacts. Meanwhile, organizational risks have an insignificant influence, suggesting partnership networks readily reconfigure around operational contingencies. Robust information infrastructures and coordination, therefore, offer crucial leverage. Accordingly, a multidimensional resilience enhancement strategy is formulated, prioritizing supply chain transparency, digital integration, inventory buffering, contingencies planning, and transportation flexibility. Our mixed-methods approach advances the construction literature by demonstrating the applicability of structural equation modeling for diagnostic resilience analytics. Industry leaders also gain actionable, evidence-based guidance on strategic investments to stabilize project flows. This dual theoretical and practical contribution underscores the versatility of tailored statistical assessments in furthering construction innovation objectives within complex, uncertain environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Traditional three‐dimensional (3D) graphene has a large pore structure, which makes the graphene structure not well interact with the anion and cation during the desalination process, thereby restricting the capacitive deionization (CDI) ability of the 3D graphene. In this work, we prepared a nitrogen‐doped self‐shrinking porous 3D graphene electrode by adding a pyrrole monomer to a graphene oxide solution, which was then applied to a CDI electrode. The results show that the electrochemical performance of the as‐prepared nitrogen‐doped self‐shrinking porous 3D graphene (NSPG) is significantly improved. Compared with traditional 3D graphene, NSPG has a denser pore structure with a larger specific surface area, thus exhibiting a good CDI performance: The NSPG electrode has an electroadsorption capacity of 13.16 mg/g. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The structure and composition evolution of hydroxyapatite in bone and teeth play important roles on their strength and durability, especially of the local chemical environment of Ca evolution, that determines bone demineralization and osteoporosis. In this paper, we synthesized a series of Eu‐doped (2‐10%) hydroxyapatite nanorod via subcritical hydrothermal method at high temperature (220‐280 oC) with the doped ions fully occupied at Ca1‐site. The as‐synthesized samples are grown with uniform particle size and shape distribution. Crystal morphology formation mechanism has been discussed based on the Bravais–Friedel–Donnay–Harker method and crystal structure of hydroxyapatite. Powder X‐ray diffraction result and Pawley fitting of the diffraction pattern for Eu‐doped hydroxyapatite samples indicate a linear structure evolution with increasing doping level. FTIR spectra suggest the minimal structure change for Eu‐doped hydroxyapatite nanocrystals. Photoluminescent spectra of Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2:Eu indicates the doping of Eu happens at the Ca1‐site, which shows a concentration‐dependent emission intensity evolution behavior. Decay curves for the 5D0→7F2 transition of Eu3+ in each samples suggested a longer lifetime in our samples than the similar composition that prepared via other methods. The site‐selective occupancy of Eu‐doped hydroxyapatite luminescent phenomenon may serve as a potential indicator for monitoring the Ca‐loss in bones and teeth that caused osteoporosis in aging people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The repair process for oral and maxillofacial injuries involves hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Injury repair involves a variety of cells, including platelets, immune cells, fibroblasts, and various cytokines. Rapid and adequate healing of oral and maxillofacial trauma is a major concern to patients. Functional drug-delivery hydrogels play an active role in promoting wound healing and have shown unique advantages in wound dressings. Functional hydrogels promote wound healing through their adhesive, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, hemostatic, angiogenic, and re-epithelialization-promoting properties, effectively sealing wounds and reducing inflammation. In addition, functional hydrogels can respond to changes in temperature, light, magnetic fields, pH, and reactive oxygen species to release drugs, enabling precise treatment. Furthermore, hydrogels can deliver various cargos that promote healing, including nucleic acids, cytokines, small-molecule drugs, stem cells, exosomes, and nanomaterials. Therefore, functional drug-delivery hydrogels have a positive impact on the healing of oral and maxillofacial injuries. This review describes the oral mucosal structure and healing process and summarizes the currently available responsive hydrogels used to promote wound healing., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Hao, Wang, Duan, Kan, Li, Wu, Xiang and Liu.)

Wound healing of the oral and maxillofacial area affects the quality of life and mental health of the patient; therefore, effective therapies are required to promote wound healing. However, traditional treatment methods have limited efficacy. Exosomes secreted by stem cells used for oral and maxillofacial wound healing have shown outstanding results. Stem cell-derived exosomes possess the regenerative and repair ability of stem cells. Moreover, they are nontumorigenic and have good biosafety. However, the application of natural stem cell exosomes is limited owing to their low yield, impurity, lack of targeting, and low drug delivery rate. Many modification methods have been developed to engineered stem cell exosomes with beneficial properties, such as modifying parent cells and directly processing stem cell exosomes. These methods include coincubation, genetic engineering, electroporation, ultrasound, and artificial synthesis of engineered stem cell exosomes. These engineered stem cell exosomes can cargo nucleic acids, proteins, and small molecules. This gives them anti-inflammatory and cell proliferation regulatory abilities and enables the targeted promotion of efficient soft tissue repair after trauma. Engineered stem cell exosomes can decrease inflammation, promote fibroblast proliferation, and angiogenesis, and decrease scar formation to promote oral and maxillofacial wound healing, including diabetic and burn wounds. Thus, engineered stem cell exosomes are an effective treatment that has the potential for oral and maxillofacial wound healing., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Hao, Duan, Yang, Zhou, Li, Xiang, Wu, Liu, Chang, Wang and Liu.)

Adult wound healing often results in fibrotic scarring that is caused by myofibroblast aggregation. Human amniotic fluid stem cells (hAFSCs) exhibit significantly anti-fibrotic scarring properties during wound healing. However, it is little known whether hAFSCs directly or indirectly (paracrine) contribute to this process. Using the full-thickness skin-wounded rats, we investigated the therapeutic potential of hAFSC-derived exosomes (hAFSC-exo). Our results showed that hAFSC-exo accelerated the wound healing rate and improved the regeneration of hair follicles, nerves, and vessels, as well as increased proliferation of cutaneous cells and the natural distribution of collagen during wound healing. Additionally, hAFSC-exo suppressed the excessive aggregation of myofibroblasts and the extracellular matrix. We identified several miRNAs, including let-7-5p, miR-22-3p, miR-27a-3p, miR-21-5p, and miR-23a-3p, that were presented in hAFSC-exo. The functional analysis demonstrated that these hAFSC-exo-miRNAs contribute to the inhibition of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway by targeting the TGF-β receptor type I (TGF-βR1) and TGF-β receptor type II (TGF-βR2). The reduction of TGF-βR1 and TGF-βR2 expression induced by hAFSC-exo was also confirmed in the healing tissue. Finally, using mimics of miRNAs, we found that hAFSC-exo-miRNAs were essential for myofibroblast suppression during the TGF-β1-induced human dermal fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition in vitro . In summary, this study is the first to show that exosomal miRNAs used in hAFSC-based therapy inhibit myofibroblast differentiation. Our study suggests that hAFSC-exo may represent a strategic tool for suppressing fibrotic scarring during wound healing., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflictof interest., (Copyright © 2021 Zhang, Yan, Liu, Chen, Li, Tang, Li, Duan and Zhang.)