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The 25 patients without relevant personal/family history reported the following reactions (some patients had > 1 reaction): urticaria ( I n i = 12, 5.4%) (Fig. The patients in this manuscript have given written informed consent to publication of their case details. Allergic and cutaneous reactions following inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac®) in healthcare workers. [Extracted from the article]

Introduction: The natural history, the progression of a disease process in an individual over time, has not yet been fully elucidated in hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). In this large multicenter study, we aimed to investigate the natural history of HS and its gender differences., Methods: This cross sectional study included 827 patients. The chronological order of the clinical manifestations for each patient were recorded retrospectively. Sociodemographic characteristics, triggering factors, clinical, treatment, and prognostic features were also evaluated., Results: The mean age of disease onset was significantly younger in women than in men (22.42±9.28 vs. 27.06±20.56, p<0.001) and those with a family history (p<0.0001). The mean disease duration was 91.17±83.64 months. The most common symptom was purulent discharge (81%). The mean duration of abscess was shorter in women than in men (3.11±2.65 vs. 3.75±3.75, p=0.01). The axilla was the most common onset area followed by the inguinal and gluteal regions. The disease ran a more severe course in men. Abscess/inflammatory nodule was defined in the last 6 months in 88.6% of the patients; however, the first 5 years of the disease were the most active disease period in 67.5% of the patients. Multivariate analysis revealed being male, older age, family history, involvement of the axillary, inguinal and perianal regions independently associated with HS severity. While antibiotic use was the most important factor in improving the disease symptoms, stress was the most common aggravating factor. Biological therapy in men, laser epilation and pregnancy in women were significant alleviating factors. Whereas, weight gain was a more common aggravating factor for women., Conclusion: HS shows a relentlessly progressive course with inflammatory attacks, but the first years of the disease are the most active period. This study confirms that environmental and hormonal factors may play an important role in the disease course, probably with other endogenous or exogenous factors., (S. Karger AG, Basel.)

Scabies is a prevalent ectoparasitic infectious disease, caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei. As a consequence of the infestation, localised cutaneous inflammation, pruritus and polymorphic skin lesions develop. The primary symptoms of scabies manifest as hypersensitivity-like reactions and immune responses, the precise mechanisms of which remain poorly defined. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of oral ivermectin treatment in patients with scabies on the systemic immune response and the patient's quality of life (QoL). Patients admitted to the dermatology outpatient clinic and diagnosed with scabies were administered oral ivermectin treatment following diagnosis at week 0 and 2. Laboratory tests were conducted to measure complete blood count (CBC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels before treatment and at week 4. The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) was calculated using the platelet, neutrophil and lymphocyte counts. Additionally, data pertaining to the Dermatological Life Quality Index (DLQI) were recorded. In 119 patients (51 males) diagnosed with scabies, increases in ESR, CRP, and SII values and decreases in inflammatory cell counts and DLQI scores were observed one month after treatment with oral ivermectin. The results of the study showed that the use of oral ivermectin, a scabicidal agent, triggered the inflammatory response and improved the QoL of the patients., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Organophosphorus compounds (OPs), such as VX, pose a significant threat due to their neurotoxic and hazardous properties. Skin decontamination is essential to avoid irreversible effects. Fuller's earth (FE), a phyllosilicate conventionally employed in powder form, has demonstrated decontamination capacity against OPs. The aim of this study was to develop a formulation that forms a film on the skin, with a significant OP removal capacity (>95 %) coupled with sequestration capabilities, favorable drying time and mechanical properties to allow for easy application and removal, particularly in emergency context. Various formulations were prepared using different concentrations of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), FE and surfactants. Their removal and sequestration capacity was tested using paraoxon-ethyl (POX), a chemical that simulates the behavior of VX. Formulations with removal capacity levels surpassing 95 % were mechanically characterized and cell viability assays were performed on Normal Human Dermal Fibroblast (NHDF). The four most promising formulations were used to assess decontamination efficacy on pig ear skin explants. These formulations showed decontamination levels ranging from 84.4 ± 4.7 % to 96.5 ± 1.3 %, which is equivalent to current decontamination methods. These results suggest that this technology could be a novel and effective tool for skin decontamination following exposure to OPs., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory and papulosquamous dermatological disorder. While previous studies have discussed certain inflammatory markers for diagnosing and monitoring psoriasis, there is an absence of comprehensive research encompassing both novel and traditional inflammatory markers, as well as metabolic markers, in relation to psoriasis., Methods: A total of 209 individuals participated, including 54 psoriasis patients and 155 controls. Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) was calculated for the patient group. Potential predictive markers for psoriasis were identified: Uric acid/HDL ratio (UHR), D-dimer/albumin ratio (DAR), fibrinogen/albumin ratio (FAR), erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP, WBC, HOMA-IR, and vitamin D levels. Differences between groups and correlations with PASI and each other were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman correlation coefficient., Results: The results indicate that the patient group exhibited statistically significantly higher levels of UHR, FAR, CRP, WBC, and HOMA-IR. Upon analyzing the correlations between PASI and the identified markers, statistically significant positive correlation with WBC and negative correlation with vitamin D were observed. The correlations of PASI with other markers did not reach statistical significance. It should be underlined that our study was conducted in a predominantly mild-to-moderate patient population., Conclusions: The absence of specificity of these markers for psoriasis limits their practical application. However, the development of new objective measures by using them in combination with specific data such as PASI will provide significant benefits in terms of disease diagnosis, follow-up, and treatment., (© 2023 The Authors. International Journal of Dermatology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of the International Society of Dermatology.)

Demodex, a type of mite, lives in human hair follicles. They can multiply very quickly in some conditions and then start to irritate the skin by causing skin disorders. This study aims to investigate if working environment conditions affect the prevalence of Demodex. A cross-sectional, multicenter study was conducted with three different occupational groups: mine, textile and food factory workers (n = 102). Determined industry workers who applied to our outpatient dermatology clinics with the complaint of dermatosis in three different cities were included in the study. Demodex positivity was checked by dermoscopy. Differences between categorical variables examined with Chi-square analysis and T test was used to compare continuous variables between groups. 50% Demodex positivity was found in mine workers, 45.3% in food factory workers and 66.7% in textile manufacturing workers. A high rate of Demodex positivity was observed in all three occupational groups. Although the highest positivity rate was observed in textile manufacturing workers, no significant difference was found between the groups (p = 0.320). The overall prevalence of Demodex in female workers was statistically significantly higher than in male workers (p = 0.029). Exposure of workers to a wide variety of factors in work environments such as textile factories and the fact that women are more sensitive to external factors may have caused the prevalence of Demodex to be higher in these groups. So, a change in the work environment or the use of suitable protective equipment may benefit the treatment of diseases caused by Demodex. But, further studies are needed with larger and various industry groups to make more certain views., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) causes significant physical, social, and psychological burdens. Internalized stigma, acceptance of negative attitudes and stereotypes of society regarding a person's illness, has not been studied previously in HS., Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the internalized stigma state of HS patients and identify the factors affecting it., Methods: This multicenter, prospective, cross-sectional study included 731 patients. Internalized Stigma Scale (ISS), Hurley staging, Physician Global Assessment, Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), Skindex-16, Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS)-pain score were used in the study., Results: The mean ISS value (57.50 ± 16.90) was comparable to the mean ISS values of studies in visible dermatological and various psychiatric diseases. A significant correlation was found between the mean values of ISS and all disease activity scores, quality of life measures, BDI-II, and VAS-pain scores. Obesity, family history, low education and income level, vulva/scrotum involvement and being actively treated are significant and independent predictive factors for high internalized stigma in multivariate analysis., Conclusions: HS patients internalize society's negative judgements, which may create a profound negative effect on access to health care. Therefore, in addition to suppressing disease activity, addressing internalized stigma is fundamental for improving health care quality., (© 2023 S. Karger AG, Basel.)

Purpose: Bladder diary and questionnaire forms have an important role in the diagnosis of overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome and can predict response to OAB treatment. We aimed to evaluate the correlation between three different validated Turkish OAB questionnaires and bladder diary form., Methods: Patients aged over 18 years who admitted to the urology outpatient clinic with OAB symptoms between March 2019 and April 2020 were enrolled into the study. Demographic data of the patients were recorded, and they were asked to complete a 3-days bladder diary. In addition, the patients filled Turkish validated OAB version-8 (OABv8), the International Consultation of Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF), and OAB Symptom Score (OABSS) questionnaire. The relationship between these questionnaire forms and bladder diary was evaluated with statistical analysis. The significant p was p  < 0.05., Results: A total of 592 patients were included in the study. The mean total points of the questionnaire forms were 22.07 ± 8.34 (0-38) for OABv8, 10.78 ± 7.21 (0-21) for ICIQ-SF, and 9.36 ± 3.53 (0-15) for OABSS, respectively. There was a positive poor correlation between OABv8 questionnaire form and nocturia ( r  = 0.287, p  = 0.013). There was a positive moderate correlation between OABSS and the number of micturition ( r  = 0.405, p  = 0.03) and nocturia ( r  = 0.508, p  = 0.036), and the urgency incontinence was negatively moderate correlations ( r  = -0.525, p  = 0.041)., Conclusion: Both questionnaire forms and bladder diaries are important in the evaluation of OAB patients. According to our results the bladder diary and OABSS questionnaire forms were interrelated.

Background: Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a disease that can affect the patient's quality of life (QoL), sexual functions, and mood., Objective: We planned a retrospective study to investigate the effects of omalizumab use in CSU patients on sexual function. We also aimed to evaluate the sexual function, quality of life (QoL), and mood of CSU patients compared to the control group consisting of idiopathic pruritus patients., Methods: A review of patients' records with CSU attending the dermatology outpatient clinic from January 2020 to June 2020 was done. Urticaria activation score (UAS7), Beck depression inventory (BDI), Dermatology life quality index (DLQI), female sexual function index (FSFI) to female participants, and the international index of erectile function (IIEF) to male participants were used to assess the impact of the disease on patients' life. The obtained data were analyzed by using SPSS software., Results: Each one of the mean UAS, BDI, and DLQI score values decreased significantly in weeks in omalizumab group patients. IIEF score in male patients and FSFI score in female patients also increased in weeks in omalizumab group patients., Conclusions: Omalizumab can play an effective role in enhancing the sexual function of CSU patients in addition to improving their DLQI., (© 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Fuller's earth (FE) is a phyllosilicate used as a powder for household or skin decontamination due to its adsorbent properties. Recent studies have shown that water suspensions exhibit similar adsorbent capacities. FE is heterogeneous due to its composition of elementary clay aggregates and heavy metal particles. Here, FE toxicity was assessed in vitro on skin cells and in vivo on Danio rerio embryos. Among the suspensions tested (5%, 9.1% and 15% w/w), only the highest one shows weak toxicity. Suspensions were tested for ex vivo dermal decontamination into pig ear skin and human abdominal skin using diffusion cells and paraoxon as organophosphorus contaminant. After 24 h of diffusion, no difference was observed in the paraoxon concentration in the receptor compartment whether the decontamination was carried out with FE in powder or in suspension form. In presence of FE suspensions, we observed the disappearance of paraoxon from the stratum corneum, the reservoir compartment, independently of the suspensions' concentration. We suggest that water potentiates the absorbing capacities of FE powder by intercalating between clay lamellas leading to the appearance of new adsorption zones and swelling. These data support the use of FE aqueous suspensions as a safe tool for organophosphorus skin decontamination., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: The pro-yellow laser is a yellow light wavelength (577-nm) laser system. Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory disorder that occurs with facial flushing, erythema, papules, pustules, and telangiectasia. Demodex parasites (Demodex folliculorum and brevis) also play a role in the pathogenesis of rosacea., Aim: The aim of our study is to evaluate the effect of pro-yellow laser on demodex density (Dd) in patients with rosacea., Patients/methods: This retrospective study was planned for the patients with rosacea whose demodex mite densities were examined and treated with pro-yellow laser and were evaluated between 2019 and 2020 in the cosmetology unit. The laser light was applied at a dose of 20 J/cm 2 in the scanner mode (the 80% coverage) in all the patients. The demodex density per cm 2 was routinely evaluated before the treatment, and the demodex density values in the fourth week after the treatment were recorded from the patients' files., Results: There were 27 females (79.4%) and seven males (20.6%) evaluated in the study. While the demodex density was 18.1 ± 10.7 (min: 0-max: 48, Q1:12-Q3:22) per cm 2 before the pro-yellow laser treatment in the cases, the demodex density was 10.2 ± 7.9 (min: 0-max: 30, Q1:4.75-Q3:12) per cm 2 in the fourth week after the treatment. After the pro-yellow laser treatment, the demodex intensity decreased significantly compared to before the laser treatment (p = 0.001). There was no significant correlation between the decrease in the density of the demodex mite and the success of the treatment (p = 0.46)., Conclusion: This is the first study in the literature investigating the change in demodex density in rosacea patients treated with pro-yellow laser therapy. In this study, it was shown that pro-yellow laser treatment is effective in reducing the density of demodex., (© 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Pincer nail (PN) is a nail disorder that cannot resolve spontaneously and sometimes necessitates surgical intervention. The etiological factors and gold standard treatment for the PN are still uncertain. We present a 24-year-old woman suffering from the PN and were treated with 1064-nm long-pulsed Nd:YAG laser. There were PN deformities in the left and right thumbnails. The left one was treated with four sessions of 1064-nm. Nd:YAG laser., (© 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, relapsing and debilitating inflammatory disease associated with profound morbidity., Aim: In this multicentre study, we investigated the demographic and clinical features of HS, and determined risk factors of disease severity., Methods: In total, 1221 patients diagnosed with HS from 29 centres were enrolled, and the medical records of each patient were reviewed., Results: The mean age of disease onset was 26.2 ± 10.4 years, and almost 70% (n = 849) of patients were current or former smokers. Mean disease duration was 8.9 ± 8.4 years with a delay in diagnosis of 5.8 ± 3.91 years. Just over a fifth (21%; n = 256) of patients had a family history of HS. The axillary, genital and neck regions were more frequently affected in men than in women, and the inframammary region was more frequently affected in women than in men (P < 0.05 for all). Acne (40.8%), pilonidal sinus (23.6%) and diabetes mellitus (12.6%) were the most prevalent associated diseases. Of the various therapies used, antibiotics (76.4%) were most common followed by retinoids (41.7%), surgical interventions (32.0%) and biologic agents (15.4%). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the most important determinants of disease severity were male sex (OR = 2.21) and involvement of the genitals (OR = 3.39) and inguinal region (OR = 2.25). More severe disease was associated with comorbidity, longer disease duration, longer diagnosis delay and a higher number of smoking pack-years., Conclusions: Our nationwide cohort study found demographic and clinical variation in HS, which may help broaden the understanding of HS and factors associated with disease severity., (© 2020 British Association of Dermatologists.)

The relationship between the skin and the brain is based on their origin from the same ectodermal structure, as well as being affected by similar hormones and neurotransmitters. At this point, psychodermatology forms a common field of study based on the relationship and interaction between psychiatry and dermatology. Cosmetology is a special group within dermatology, and the psychosocial needs of this group differ. In this study, it was aimed to examine the moods such as anxiety, fear and depression experienced by the patients during their application to the cosmetology unit during the COVID-19 pandemic process and to compare them with the control group. A total of 162 cases, 80 cases from the cosmetology unit meeting the specified conditions and 82 cases as the control group, were retrospectively evaluated. In all participants, the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) scores decreased significantly compared to the beginning of the pandemic (P = .001). In the study, while depression (HAM-D) and general anxiety (HAM-A) were higher in the cosmetology group compared to the control group (P = .049 and P = .001, respectively), there was no difference in coronavirus anxiety scores (CAS) (P = .24). It should be known that patients who underwent cosmetological procedures during the pandemic period may have anxiety and depression. In this patient group, which requires a special psychodermatological approach, pandemic effects should also be considered. In patients who apply to cosmetology units during the pandemic period, attention should be paid to the relationship between surreal cosmetological process requests and their anxiety and depression state., (© 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is triggered by unknown causes. We would like to explore the possible effect of hemogram parameters and several biochemical markers on CSU presence and also the severity of the disease. We also aimed to discuss the relationship between CSU and inflammation associated with these values. The study was planned prospectively. We selected patients already diagnosed with CSU who applied to the dermatology outpatient clinic and healthy controls. The patients and the healthy controls were tested for complete blood count, neutrophil/lymphocytes ratio and platelets/lymphocytes ratio, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, serum albumin and total bilirubin and indirect bilirubin levels. Urticaria activity score over 7 days (UAS-7) was calculated for the CSU patients. Forty patients with CSU and 55 healthy subjects were included in the study. Mean white blood cell (WBC) count is 8.37 ± 2.14 in the patients' group and 7.41 ± 2.01 in the healthy subjects group. Mean neutrophil (NEU) count is 4.88 ± 1.65 in the patients' group and 4.19 ± 1.39 in the healthy subjects group. Mean platelets (PLT) count is 308.48 ± 88.32 in the patients' group and 268.65 ± 64.80 in the healthy subjects group. We also detected positive correlations between UAS-7 score-WBC counts and UAS-7 score-NEU counts. Future studies are needed to investigate this possible relationship and confirm these results., (© 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) is a chronic inflammatory erythematous skin disease that can be triggered by several factors. Rosacea is another skin disease that causes facial redness and tenderness. Demodex mites have been reported in rosacea and DLE patients commonly in the literature. These two diseases can be seen concomitant, mimic each other clinically and share common possible etiologic factors. To assess demodex mite infestation in both clinical and histopathological findings in DLE patients. We retrospectively evaluated the files of 42 patients with DLE who had been diagnosed DLE based on clinical and histopathological findings between August 2018 and August 2019. Demodex positivity was detected 50% of patients (n = 21). Neutrophile percentages in the dermal and perivascular area were higher in the demodex positive patients (4.43%) than in the Demodex negative patients (2.19%). The intensity of demodex mites correlated positively with dermal neutrophile percentages. ANA was negative in 29 patients (69%) and positive in 13 patients (31%). Anti-dsDNA was negative in serology and follicular plugging was positive in histopathology in all 42 patients (100%). This was a retrospective study. DLE and rosacea share common features in etiopathogenesis and clinical presentation. Inflammation and exacerbations caused by the demodex mites may increase the clinical severity of DLE. Although the position of demodex mites in DLE etiopathogenesis is not known exactly, the presence of high demodex in DLE patients has been determined. Standard skin surface biopsy can be a routine procedure for the evaluation of DLE patients in daily clinical practice., (© 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease can be triggered by many factors such as inflammatory process. To assess accompanying gallstone in CSU patients and to evaluate laboratory test results. We retrospectivelyscanned the files of the 108 patients with CSU who had been diagnosed CSU in September 2017-September 2019. Accompanied gallstone cases by detecting transabdominal ultrasound (TUS) or were 11 patients. Nine patients had also had cholecystectomy history. We seperated these 20 patients as Group A than the rest. WBC count is 9.38 ± 2.37 in Group A and 8.03 ± 2.04 in Group B. Platelet count was also differ between two groups significantly (Group A = 328.70 ± 85.62 × 10 3 /mm 3 vs. Group B = 287.12 ± 72.77 × 10 3 /mm 3 ). Neutrophil count was more in Group A (5.87 ± 1.65) than Group B (4.76 ± 1.75). Gallstone history of family was significantly higher in Group A (n = 12 positive/8 negative) than Group B. These findings were significant statistically p < .05. CSU can be associated with inflammation and gallstones. It is needed to perform further investigations to detect these relations and pathways., (© 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Acne and rosacea are two well-known chronic skin diseases in dermatology. There are many known therapeutic options of both diseases, but new treatment agents and therapeutic advances come to the agenda day by day. We would like to summarize new treatment advances for acne and rosacea diseases., (© 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Objectives: There are a number of studies about the effect of cigarette and alcohol on semen parameters in the literature. There is not a consensus on the relationship between use of cigarette and alchol and semen parameters in those studies. The number of studies in which cigarette and alcohol use are evaluated together is limited. This study was aimed to analyze the effect of cigarette and/or alcohol use on semen parameters., Methods: In this prospective study, 762 patients who applied to an hospital urology polyclinic between January 2015 and March 2015 due to infertility, were questioned for alcohol and cigarette use in anamnesis. The remaining 356 patients were included in our study. Then, semen analysis of the patients was performed. The patients were divided into five groups according to cigarette use, into five groups according to alcohol use and into four groups according to cigarette and/or alcohol use. Significant differences were analyzed between the groups in terms of semen volume, semen concentration, total motility, forward motility and morphological (normality, head anomaly, neck anomaly, tail anomaly) values., Results: According to cigarette use, only in group 4 (who use more than 20 package-years cigarette) semen volume was significantly lower than the control group (Mann-Whitney U, p = 0.009). There was no significant difference in any of the other parameters and groups compared with the control group (Mann-Whitney U, p > 0,05) CONCLUSION: According to our study, using more than 20 package-years cigarette decreases semen volume. The reason of this result might be the fact that the threshold value, from which the effect of cigarette and alcohol use on the semen parameters has to be determined.