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Tomoko Terai,1,2 Shohei Eda,1,2 Jun Sugasawa,2 Masahiro Tonari,2 Junko Matsuo,2 Hidehiro Oku,2 Tsunehiko Ikeda2 1Department of Ophthalmology, Shiga Medical Center for Children, Moriyama-City, Shiga, Japan; 2Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki-City, Osaka, Japan Purpose: To investigate the age-related development of refractive errors and changes of visual acuity (VA), and the systemic and ocular anomalies in Japanese children and young adults with Down syndrome (DS).Design: Retrospective cohort study.Subjects and methods: This study involved 222 Japanese children and young adults with DS (age range: 3 months to 19 years) seen at the Department of Ophthalmology, Shiga Medical Center for Children, Shiga, Japan. The subjects were divided into the following six age groups: 1) infant (age 0 to

Background: The goal is to assess the role of immature granulocytes (IG) in the diagnosis of acute pelvic-inflammatory- disease (PID) and to determine whether they are useful for discriminating mild/moderate and severe PID. Methods: Patients admitted with the diagnosis of acute PID were retrospectively assessed. Diagnosis was based on CDC criteria. Patients were grouped as severe and mild/moderate PID based on need for hospitalization. Control group consisted of patients in whom PID was excluded by laparoscopy. Sample size was calculated with statistical methods. IGs were compared within the groups. Cutoff values were determined for prediction of diagnosis and severity of acute PID. Results: There were 74 severe, 32 mild/moderate acute PID, and 41 control patients. Thirty patients had surgery following no response to antibiotic treatment or tubo-ovarian abscess. IGs were significantly higher in the severe group compared to mild/moderate and control groups. ROC analysis showed IG counts (≥ 0.035 μL) and percentages (≥ 0.35%) were significantly effective in predicting acute PID and were associated with severity when they were ≥ 0.055 μL and ≥ 0.42%, respectively. IG count ≥ 0.085 was found to have 58.6% sensitivity and 63.1% specificity for prediction of surgical intervention need. Conclusions: IGs are components of simple CBC tests and are easily obtainable, cheap markers. They were found to be elevated in acute PID and correlated significantly with the severity of the disease. These markers may serve as adjunctive markers for the diagnosis of acute PID and may be useful in discrimination between mild/moderate and severe PID. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo: Este estudo buscou identifi car por meio do Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ-40) o estilo defensivo e a defesa de maior intensidade presentes em 15 cuidadores de pacientes oncológicos em cuidados paliativos que estiveram internados em um Programa de Internação Domiciliar Interdisciplinar (Pidi) no período de agosto a outubro de 2011. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal descritivo de abordagem quantitativa. Resultados: Essa pesquisa evidenciou nos cuidadores uma maior intensidade das defesas pertencentes ao estilo defensivo maduro, como a antecipação. Conclusão: Isso indica um bom enfrentamento da situação vivida, demonstrando resiliência e sugerindo o amadurecimento dos cuidadores no processo adaptativo enquanto indivíduo que oferece cuidados a seu familiar em processo de fi m de vida.

Akademik araştırmalar hastanelerin mekânsal düzenlemelerinin sağlık çalışanlarının iş verimliliği üzerinde son derece etkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Hastaneler, birbiri ile ilişkili olan farklı birimleri bünyesinde barındıran karmaşık fonksiyonlu yapılardır. Ancak hastane yapılarının en önemli kullanıcı gruplarından biri olan sağlık çalışanlarının planlama ve tasarım sürecinde yeteri kadar yer almamaları, hem iş gücü performansı, hem de çalışma motivasyonları üzerinde olumsuz etkilerin oluşmasına neden olabilmektedir. Dolayısıyla hastane tasarımında mimari mekân kalitesinin sağlık çalışanlarının memnuniyeti bağlamında ele alınması sağlıklı çalışma ortamlarının oluşturulması açısından önemli olmaktadır. Bu nedenle İstanbul’da yer alan iki hastanede görev yapan sağlık çalışanlarının kullanım sürecinde mekân kalitesinin değerlendirilmesi bu çalışmanın temel amacını oluşturmuştur. Bu çalışmada sağlık çalışanlarının çalışma ortamlarının kullanıcı ihtiyaçlarını ne ölçüde karşıladığı ve kullanıcı memnuniyeti açısından mimari mekân kalitesinin değerlendirilebilmesi için İstanbul’da bulunan iki hastanede alan çalışması yapılmıştır. Alan çalışması literatür taraması, mimari proje okumaları ve anket araştırma tekniklerinde dayandırılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Hastaneler “hasta yoğunluğuna bağlı mekânsal yapılanmalarının kapasite/sayısal yeterliliği”, “mekânsal çalışma alanlarının boyutsal uygunluğu”, “mobil makine ve ekipman açısından mekânsal sirkülasyon uygunluğu” ve “mekânsal konumlandırılma uygunluğu” kriterleri açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Anket tekniği 90 sağlık personeli (12 doktor, 38 hemşire, 40 tıbbi teknisyen) ile birebir yüz yüze yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda sağlık çalışanlarının problemli olarak tanımladıkları alanların asansörler, hastane bahçesi ve otopark olduğu tespit edilmiş ve yeni yapılacak hastaneler için bazı stratejiler belirlenmiştir.

Anıt ağaçlar, korunması gereken doğal miraslardır. Fiziksel ve sosyo-kültürel özellikleri ile sıradan ağaçlardan ayrılırlar. Bir ağacın yüksekliği, taç çapı, gövde çapı ve yaş ölçümleri, ilginç kök ve gövde oluşumları, dağılım alanının aşırı sınırlarda bulunması ve yörede ağaca atfedilen hikayeler, tarihte özel bir yerinin bulunması o ağacı olağanüstü yapan özelliklerdir. Doğanın mirası olarak adlandırılan bu ağaçlar, bilimsel çalışmalarda kullanılabilir, insanların çevre bilincini arttırabilir ve ekoturizm faaliyetlerine katkı sağlayabilir. Bu nedenle anıt ağaçların belgelenmesi ve korunması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada Ordu İli sınırları içerisinde tescillenmiş 49 adet anıt ağaç, bulundukları çevre ile birlikte değerlendirilmektedir. Çalışmada kullanılan verilere Sit Alanlar Yönetim Sistemi (SAYS)ve 2022 yılı Çevre Durumu Raporundan ulaşılmıştır. Tescillenmiş anıt ağaçların nitelik ve nicelik bilgileri ile elde edilen bulgular, bulundukları konum ve güzergâh bilgileri ve ekoturizme katkı sağlayan diğer kaynak değerleri hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Güzergahlar ve diğer doğal kaynakların birbirleri ile uzaklıkları dikkate alınarak Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) ortamında rota oluşturulmuştur. Yapılan çalışma mevcut anıt ağaçların korunması ve tanıtılmasına katkı sağlamayı hedeflemektedir. Ayrıca, anıt ağaçlar hakkında bilinç oluşturmayı amaçlamaktadır.

Abstract HHT has emerged as a notable compound in the realm of cancer treatment, particularly for hematological malignancies. Its multifaceted pharmacological properties extend beyond traditional applications, warranting an extensive review of its mechanisms and efficacy. This review aims to synthesize comprehensive insights into the efficacy of HHT in treating hematological malignancies, diverse cancers, and other biomedical applications. It focuses on elucidating the molecular mechanisms, therapeutic potential, and broader applications of HHT. A comprehensive search for peer-reviewed papers was conducted across various academic databases, including ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Scopus, American Chemical Society, Google Scholar, PubMed/MedLine, and Wiley. The review highlights HHT's diverse mechanisms of action, ranging from its role in leukemia treatment to its emerging applications in managing other cancers and various biomedical conditions. It underscores HHT's influence on cellular processes, its efficacy in clinical settings, and its potential to alter pathological pathways. HHT demonstrates significant promise in treating various hematological malignancies and cancers, offering a multifaceted approach to disease management. Its ability to impact various physiological pathways opens new avenues for therapeutic applications. This review provides a consolidated foundation for future research and clinical applications of HHT in diverse medical fields.

Background: Rabeprazole (RPZ), a widely used proton pump inhibitor, is known to have toxic effects on human beings. Objective: To evaluate the current understanding of its toxicological effects on humans and animals, a literature and laboratory-based study was conducted. Methods: A comprehensive search of published literature was conducted in various databases up until April 2020, using specific keywords. Additionally, toxic effects of RPZ-Na (0.025-0.4 mM) were evaluated on Allium cepa, Allium sativum and Cicer arietinum at different exposure times using CuSO4 as a reference standard. Results: The literature review revealed that RPZ has a wide range of side effects including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, rhinitis, myalgia, pharyngitis, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, and eye disorders. Chronic exposure to RPZ has also been associated with significant biochemical and hematological alterations, as well as various toxicological effects such as hypergastrinemia, hyperplasia, atrophy of gastric glands, gastric anti-secretory effect, and hypochlorhydria. The laboratory analysis showed that RPZ-Na concentration-dependently inhibited root length of A. cepa and A. sativum, as well as shoot and root lengths of C. arietinum. Conclusions: This study highlights the toxicological impacts of RPZ and its formulations on human and animals. Results suggest that RPZ-Na has a concentration-dependent toxic effect on A. cepa, A. sativum, and C. arietinum. Therefore, it is important to take adequate precautions during its long-term use.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to describe the development of a Health Information and Communication Technology for the health care of long-haul truck drivers and their families. Methods: this is a description of the development of an Information and Communication Technology, developed from March to September 2023, following the systematization of the experience in five steps: 1) starting point, 2) initial questions, 3) recovery of the lived process, 4) background reflection, and 5) arrival points. Results: the technology called “Work-Family Balance,” electronically available, presents resources for the health care of long-haul truck drivers. It is anchored in studies on the health of long-haul truck drivers, notes from the International Labor Organization, the Strategic Action Plan for Confronting Chronic Diseases and Non-Communicable Diseases in Brazil, 2021-2030, and the Declaration by the International Association of Family Nursing. Final Considerations: the theoretical improvement of nursing can potentially improve the health care of long-haul truck drivers, prevent Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, and promote work-life balance to achieve the goals of Agenda 2030.

Amaç: Bu çalışmada ebelerin mesleki aidiyetlerinin anne mental sağlığını değerlendirmeye etkisini belirlemek amaçlandı. Yöntemler: Kesitsel tipte olan araştırma Aralık 2022-Şubat 2023 tarihleri arasında 151 ebe ile yürütüldü. Araştırma verileri; Ebelik Aidiyet Ölçeği (EAÖ), Anne Mental Sağlığında Mesleki Sorunlar (AMSMS) Ölçeği ve Kişisel Tanıtım formu aracılığı ile toplandı. Verilerin analizinde sayı, yüzde, ortalama, standart sapma, t-testi, Tek Faktörlü Varyans Analizi ve pearson korelasyon analizi, Mann-Whitney U testi, Kruskal-Wallis Testi ve Post-HocTukey testi kullanıldı. Anlamlılık için p

Abstract Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a common disorder involving a cluster of metabolic abnormalities, such as abdominal obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and atherogenic profile. MetS is characterized by an increase in oxidative stress and a chronic proinflammatory state, which are directly related to the development and progression of this pathology. It has been seen how a healthy lifestyle and good dietary practices are key to improving the different metabolic parameters and, therefore, play a fundamental role in reducing the risk of developing diabetes. The present review focuses on the research evidence related to the therapeutic properties of Lycium barbarum L. in MetS gathered in the last years. Several preclinical studies suggest that L. barbarum extracts are a good dietary supplement for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases in people with MetS. This compound has been used for years in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of atrophic gastritis, problems related to the lungs, kidneys, and liver, and as a supplement for eye health. In addition, different in vitro and in vivo studies have been carried out that support the properties attributed to metabolites derived from L. barbarum, such as polysaccharides that have been shown diverse biological activities. In conclusion, L. barbarum extracts have multiple benefits to increase general well‐being and immune function. However, there are a limited number of studies related to effect of L. barbarum in MetS, but they demonstrated effectiveness in the treatment of obesity, diabetes mellitus type 2, and prevention of diabetes mellitus type 2 complication.

Os serviços de saúde passaram por reestruturações para tentar superar a fragmentação da assistência. Nesse contexto, insere-se a saúde da criança com doenças crônicas que está amparada pela Política Nacional de Atenção Integral da Saúde da Criança como estratégia de reorganização da Rede de Atenção. Objetivo: discutir e refletir sobre a organização das redes de atenção a saúde na assistência a crianças com doenças crônicas, dentre elas a FC. Método: Estudo teórico-reflexivo elaborado a partir da leitura crítica da Política Nacional de Atenção Integral da Saúde da Criança, nas redes de atenção do Sistema Único de saúde e em estudos científicos que discutem a temática. Desenvolvimento: A reorganização dos sistemas de saúde visa promover mudanças eficazes, acessíveis e resolutivas que perpassem pelos três níveis de assistência fortalecendo a integralidade dos serviços estimulando modificações no sistema de saúde a partir da adaptação do sistema para atender às condições crônicas, utilização da tecnologia da informação, promoção da educação permanente e continuada, coordenação, multidisciplinaridade e monitoramento de processos e resultados. Considerações finais: Permitiu reflexões sobre a assistência a essas crianças, identificação dos gargalos assistenciais e de acesso, além de estratégias para enfrentamento desses problemas.

Abstract Background Polymeric nanoparticles can be used for wound closure and therapeutic compound delivery, among other biomedical applications. Although there are several nanoparticle obtention methods, it is crucial to know the adequate parameters to achieve better results. Therefore, the objective of this study was to optimize the parameters for the synthesis, purification, and freeze-drying of chitosan nanoparticles. We evaluated the conditions of agitation speed, anion addition time, solution pH, and chitosan and sodium tripolyphosphate concentration. Results Chitosan nanoparticles presented an average particle size of 172.8 ± 3.937 nm, PDI of 0.166 ± 0.008, and zeta potential of 25.00 ± 0.79 mV, at the concentration of 0.1% sodium tripolyphosphate and chitosan (pH 5.5), with a dripping time of 2 min at 500 rpm. The most representative factor during nanoparticle fabrication was the pH of the chitosan solution, generating significant changes in particle size and polydispersity index. The observed behavior is attributed to the possible excess of sodium tripolyphosphate during synthesis. We added the surfactants poloxamer 188 and polysorbate 80 to evaluate the stability improvement during purification (centrifugation or dialysis). These surfactants decreased coalescence between nanoparticles, especially during purification. The centrifugation increased the zeta potential to 40.8–56.2 mV values, while the dialyzed samples led to smaller particle sizes (152–184 nm). Finally, freeze-drying of the chitosan nanoparticles proceeded using two cryoprotectants, trehalose and sucrose. Both adequately protected the system during the process, and the sugar concentration depended on the purification process. Conclusions In Conclusion, we must consider each surfactant's benefits in formulations for selecting the most suitable. Also, it is necessary to do more studies with the molecule to load. At the same time, the use of sucrose and trehalose generates adequate protection against the freeze-drying process, even at a 5% w/v concentration. However, adjusting the percentage concentration by weight must be made to work with the CS-TPP NPs purified by dialysis.

Abstract Lebanese cuisine is renowned for its distinctive flavours and vibrant aromas. In Lebanese cuisine, spices are not just used for their flavour; they are also valued for their medicinal properties. This study consists of evaluating and comparing the total phenolic content and the antioxidant capacity of 21 samples of spices used in the Lebanese daily diet, such as cinnamon, allspice, coriander, cloves, etc. and the mixtures prepared in well-defined proportions. Several solvents were tested for the extraction of the phenolic compounds from spices, and the water and ethanol (v/v) mixture were retained for this study. Results showed that clove presented the highest polyphenol content (173.7 ± 2.98 mg Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE)/g Dry Matter (DM)) and the highest antioxidant capacity by ABTS test (4875.68 ± 480.40 µmol trolox / g DM). and DPPH test (85.84 ± 0.5%). The examination of the results showed a positive significant correlation between the polyphenol contents and the antioxidant activity of the spices. The antimicrobial activity tested by the broth microdilution method was determined against Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella Enteritidis. The results showed high antimicrobial activity manifested by low value of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (MIC

Abstract Hydrogels are three-dimensional structures with specific features that render them useful for biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering scaffolds, drug delivery systems, and wound dressings. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the search for improved mechanical properties of hydrogels derived from natural products to extend their applications in various fields, and there are different methods to obtain strengthened hydrogels. Cationic guar gum has physicochemical properties that allow it to interact with other polymers and generate hydrogels. This study aimed to develop an ultra-stretchable and self-healing hydrogel, evaluating the influence of adding PolyOX [poly(ethylene oxide)] on the mechanical properties and the interaction with cationic guar gum for potential tissue engineering applications. We found that variations in PolyOX concentrations and pH changes influenced the mechanical properties of cationic guar gum hydrogels. After optimization experiments, we obtained a novel hydrogel, which was semi-crystalline, highly stretchable, and with an extensibility area of approximately 400 cm2, representing a 33-fold increase compared to the hydrogel before being extended. Moreover, the hydrogel presented a recovery of 96.8% after the self-healing process and a viscosity of 153,347 ± 4,662 cP. Therefore, this novel hydrogel exhibited optimal mechanical and chemical properties and could be suitable for a broad range of applications in different fields, such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, or food storage.

Abstract Background A clear need for the development of new comprehensive, reliable, sensitive and valid measurement tools to adequately asses the cultural competence and cultural sensitivity of nursing students exists. This study aimed to develop a new measurement tool to assess the nursing students’ cultural competence and sensitivity. Methods This cross-sectional, instrument development study’s first phase included postgraduate nursing students (n = 60) for the piloting study, and the second one included undergraduate nursing students (n = 459) for the main survey. This study used two data collection forms: The Student Descriptive Information Form and the Better and Effective Nursing Education for Improving Transcultural Nursing Skills Cultural Competence and Cultural Sensitivity Assessment Tool (BENEFITS-CCCSAT) draft. The content validity index was calculated using the Davis method. Cronbach’s α coefficient and the item total correlation were calculated during the reliability analysis. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) coefficient test, Bartlett significance test, and explanatory factor analysis (EFA) were used to evaluate the validity of the assessment tool. Results Scale validity and reliability analyses showed that the BENEFITS-CCCSAT included 26 items and five sub-dimensions: respect for cultural diversity; culturally sensitive communication; achieving cultural competence; challenges and barriers in providing culturally competent care; and perceived meaning of cultural care. Conclusion The BENEFITS-CCCSAT appears to be a valid and reliable instrument for measuring the cultural sensitivity and cultural competence of nursing students. This can be of great use, especially before attending clinical areas, and can offer both students and faculty reliable information to promote reflective and critical thinking, especially in areas where improvement is needed.

As the volume and diversity of COVID-19 manuscripts grow, trend topic detection has become a more crucial issue to utilize information from pandemic-specific literature. Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) and bibliometric analysis are common ways of detecting trend topics. In this study, a hybrid approach is suggested by combining both techniques as a novelty perspective to attain comprehensive information. The topics studied in the COVID-19 literature were outlined with the LDA analysis, and then the COVID-19 studies were examined specifically in the field of information systems (IS) with bibliometric analysis. As an outcome of LDA analysis, it has been determined that the topics studied on COVID-19 are concentrated under the categories of clinical studies, epidemiology and transmission of COVID-19, national and global policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, and the impacts of the COVID-19. Infodemiology in social media, computer-aided detection methods for diagnosis, information systems for contact tracing and health systems, distance learning solutions, data analytics for modeling and forecasting COVID-19, epidemiology, molecular docking of COVID-19 are primary topics of IS literature in COVID-19 era. This paper assists researchers in providing a comprehensive view of the compatibility of COVID-19 literature at a macro level and in the scope of IS and also offers suggestions for future work by IS researchers.

20,0 MeV’e kadar nötron kaynaklı reaksiyonlar için nükleer veriler, nükleer fizik, astrofizik ve tıp gibi birçok farklı alanda kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, farklı seviye yoğunluk modelleri kullanılarak iridyum izotoplarının (191,193Ir) (n,2n), (n,p) ve (n,a) reaksiyon tesir kesitleri 20,0 MeV’e kadar hesaplanmıştır. Model hesaplamalarında, ALICE-ASH, EMPIRE-3.2 ve TALYS-1.95 bilgisayar kodları kullanılmıştır. ALICE-ASH’de Fermi Gas Modeli, EMPIRE-3.2’de Genelleştirilmiş Süper Akışkan Modeli ve TALYS-1.95’de Sabit Sıcaklık Fermi Gaz Modeli seçilmiştir. Sonuçlar tartışılmış ve literatürde bulunan deneysel verilerle ve ENDF veri kütüphanesinden elde edilen değerlendirilmiş verilerle (ENDFB-VIII.0, JEFF-3.3 ve JENDL-2017) kıyaslanmıştır. Sonuçların, gelecekte yapılacak olan tesir kesit araştırmalarının geliştirilmesine önemli katkılar sağlayacağına inanılmaktadır.

Abstract The clinical application of microRNAs in modern therapeutics holds great promise to uncover molecular limitations and conquer the unbeatable castle of cancer metastasis. miRNAs play a decisive role that regulating gene expression at the post-transcription level while controlling both the stability and translation capacity of mRNAs. Specifically, miR34a is a master regulator of the tumor suppressor gene, cancer progression, stemness, and drug resistance at the cell level in p53-dependent and independent signaling. With changing, trends in nanotechnology, in particular with the revolution in the field of nanomedicine, nano drug delivery systems have emerged as a prominent strategy in clinical practices coupled with miR34a delivery. Recently, it has been observed that forced miR34a expression in human cancer cell lines and model organisms limits cell proliferation and metastasis by targeting several signaling cascades, with various studies endorsing that miR34a deregulation in cancer cells modulates apoptosis and thus requires targeted nano-delivery systems for cancer treatment. In this sense, the present review aims to provide an overview of the clinical applications of miR34a regulation in targeted therapy of cancer.

Social media allows people to spend time together online and interact and connect. The relationship between well-being and social media usage is being studied more and more because it affects many areas and is discussed from different aspects. In this study, a complete count was made, and an online questionnaire was applied to all 1282 school administrators working at Antalya Provincial National Education public schools. Results reveal how the social media usage habits and social media perceptions of school administrators are, and accordingly how social media may help fertilize their social capital and establishing a healthy work environment. In light of the findings, social media usage habits are gathered under four dimensions: research/information, entertainment, recognition, and development. These gratified needs are the key elements of building one's social capital.

The effect of platinum (Pt) loadings of air-cathodes in the 0-0.5 mg cm-2 range on single chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC) performance and cathode impedance was evaluated. In MFC tests, reducing benchmarking Pt loading of 0.5 mg cm-2 to 0.1-0 mg cm-2 decreased maximum power density by between 38% and 84%. The decrease in cathode open circuit potential with reduced loadings was small down to a catalyst loading of 0.03 mg cm-2, but was significant when the loading was further reduced to 0.01 or 0 mg cm-2. Impedance measurements of cathodes revealed that both charge-transfer and diffusion resistance increase with decreasing catalyst loadings on cathodes. Charge-transfer resistance of benchmarking cathode increased to a small extent when loadings were reduced to 0.1-0.03 mg cm-2. Below 0.03 mg cm-2, dramatic increase of charge-transfer resistance suggested that 0.03 mg cm-2 can be considered as the minimum Pt loading for which kinetic limitations are not of great concern and can be overcome to a large extent compared to lower loadings. In comparison to charge-transfer resistance, diffusion resistance differed more significantly between the loadings of 0.03 and 0.5 mg cm-2; and it was therefore the main component that changed the internal resistance of these cathodes.

The text of Eda Starova Tahir looks at the present invocations of Yugoslav socialist healthcare in North Macedonia as a means of coping with the contemporary healthcare, in turn; which eventually set the policy expectations of the citizens in the post-socialist period.

Abstract As an emerging science, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine focus on developing materials to replace, restore or improve organs or tissues and enhancing the cellular capacity to proliferate, migrate and differentiate into different cell types and specific tissues. Renewable resources have been used to develop new materials, resulting in attempts to produce various environmentally friendly biomaterials. Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) is a biopolymer known to be biodegradable and it is produced from the fermentation of carbohydrates. PLA can be combined with other polymers to produce new biomaterials with suitable physicochemical properties for tissue engineering applications. Here, the advances in modified PLA as tissue engineering materials are discussed in light of its drawbacks, such as biological inertness, low cell adhesion, and low degradation rate, and the efforts conducted to address these challenges toward the design of new enhanced alternative biomaterials.

Abstract Gallic acid (GA) is a phenolic molecule found naturally in a wide range of fruits as well as in medicinal plants. It has many health benefits due to its antioxidant properties. This study focused on finding out the neurobiological effects and mechanisms of GA using published data from reputed databases. For this, data were collected from various sources, such as PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, SpringerLink, and Web of Science. The findings suggest that GA can be used to manage several neurological diseases and disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, strokes, sedation, depression, psychosis, neuropathic pain, anxiety, and memory loss, as well as neuroinflammation. According to database reports and this current literature-based study, GA may be considered one of the potential lead compounds to treat neurological diseases and disorders. More preclinical and clinical studies are required to establish GA as a neuroprotective drug.

The chokeberry plant, which is native to North America and the south of Canada, is a deciduous, shrub-shaped, berry-like plant belonging to the Rosaceae family, which survives for many years. It is seen as a plant that adapts easily to almost every climatic condition and soil and has many beneficial properties for health. Within the scope of this study, methanol, 70% ethanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, hexane and water extracts were prepared from the fruits collected from the Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott plant, which is cultivated in the Kırklareli region. The chemical contents of the obtained extracts were clarified by high performance liquid chromatography. It was determined that phenolic compounds such as ferulic acid, caffeic acid, quercetin, quercetin-3-galactoside, p-coumaric acid were found in the extracts, and ethyl acetate extract was found to have the richest phenolic substance profile. Malvin anthocyanin compound was detected only in methanol extract.

Bu araştırmada öncelikle öğrenci tükenmişliğinin duygusal tükenme, inancını kaybetme ve indirgenmiş öz yetkinlik boyutlarının cinsiyete göre anlamlı bir farklılık gösterip göstermediğini incelemek, daha sonra da yetkinlik beklentisi, öz düzenleme, sosyal karşılaştırma ve bilişsel esneklik değişkenlerinin öğrenci tükenmişliğinin duygusal tükenme, inancını kaybetme ve indirgenmiş öz yetkinlik boyutlarını anlamlı düzeyde yordayıp yordamadığını ortaya koymak amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu 2200 lise öğrencisinden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmanın verilerini toplamak için Maslach Tükenmişlik Envanteri- Öğrenci Formu, Ergenlerde Yetkinlik Beklentisi Ölçeği, Öz Düzenleme Ölçeği, Sosyal Karşılaştırma Ölçeği, Bilişsel Esneklik Ölçeği ve Kişisel Bilgi Formu kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde adımsal regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre öz düzenleme, yetkinlik beklentisi ve bilişsel esneklik öğrenci tükenmişliğinin duygusal tükenme, inancını kaybetme ve indirgenmiş öz yetkinlik boyutlarını anlamlı düzeyde ve negatif yönde yordamaktadır. Sosyal karşılaştırma değişkeni ise sadece indirgenmiş öz yetkinliği anlamlı düzeyde ve negatif yönde yordamaktadır.

Abstract Incidence rate of cancer is estimated to increase by 40% in 2030. Furthermore, the development of resistance against currently available treatment strategies has contributed to the cancer-associated mortality. Scientists are now looking for the solutions that could help prevent the disease occurrence and could provide a pain-free treatment alternative for cancers. Therefore, efforts are now put to find a potent natural compound that could sever this purpose. Ursolic acid (UA), a triterpene acid, has potential to inhibit the tumor progression and induce sensitization to conventional treatment drugs has been documented. Though, UA is a hydrophobic compound therefore it is usually chemically modified to increase its bioavailability prior to administration. However, a thorough literature indicating its mechanism of action and limitations for its use at clinical level was not reviewed. Therefore, the current study was designed to highlight the potential mechanism of UA, its anti-cancer properties, and potential applications as therapeutic compound. This endeavour is a valuable contribution in understanding the hurdles preventing the translation of its potential at clinical level and provides foundations to design new studies that could help enhance its bioavailability and anti-cancer potential for various cancers.

Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most revalent type of cancer in the world and the second most common cause of cancer death (about 1 million per year). Historically, natural compounds and their structural analogues have contributed to the development of new drugs useful in the treatment of various diseases, including cancer. Essential oils are natural odorous products made up of a complex mixture of low molecular weight compounds with recognized biological and pharmacological properties investigated also for the prevention and treatment of cancer. The aim of this paper is to highlight the possible role of essential oils in CRC, their composition and the preclinical studies involving them. It has been reviewed the preclinical pharmacological studies to determine the experimental models used and the anticancer potential mechanisms of action of natural essential oils in CRC. Searches were performed in the following databases PubMed/Medline, Web of science, TRIP database, Scopus, Google Scholar using appropriate MeSH terms. The results of analyzed studies showed that EOs exhibited a wide range of bioactive effects like cytotoxicity, antiproliferative, and antimetastatic effects on cancer cells through various mechanisms of action. This updated review provides a better quality of scientific evidence for the efficacy of EOs as chemotherapeutic/chemopreventive agents in CRC. Future translational clinical studies are needed to establish the effective dose in humans as well as the most suitable route of administration for maximum bioavailability and efficacy. Given the positive anticancer results obtained from preclinical pharmacological studies, EOs can be considered efficient complementary therapies in chemotherapy in CRC.

Abstract Malaria, a parasitic protozoan disease widespread in tropical climates, is transmitted by Plasmodium spp. Many people are affected by this significant public health disease, which has a high incidence of illness and mortality worldwide. Because drug‐resistant parasites are on the rise, there are not enough controls on mosquitoes, and there are not any malaria vaccinations. Malaria is particularly challenging in developing countries. Antimalarial drugs approved by Food and Drug Administration are the main options for combating and preventing malaria; also the control of transmission at the level of mosquitoes is important. Current antimalarial chemotherapeutic therapies have significant clinical flaws such as Plasmodium resistance, the drugs that call for the development of novel drug candidates. To combat malaria, nanotechnology may give a viable alternative that is both more effective and safer than current treatment options. Nanotechnology‐based curcumin formulations have proved to overcome the limitations of current therapies in terms of optimum therapeutic benefits, safety, and cost‐efficiency, which increases a patient's capacity to adhere to prescribed medicine. The limits of current malaria therapies and the need to employ nanotechnological curcumin to treat malaria were addressed and discussed in this paper.

This article introduces a new statistical distribution called the power unit Burr-XII distribution, which is an extension of the Burr XII distribution obtained through a power transform. This paper investigates several statistical properties of this new model, including mode, moments, moment generating and characteristic functions, entropy, and Bonferroni and Lorenz curves. In addition, various classical estimators for the parameters of the power unit Burr-XII distribution are evaluated, including maximum likelihood estimates, ordinary least squares estimates, maximum product of interval estimates, Anderson–Darling, right and left tail Anderson–Darling, and Cramer–von Mises estimators. This study provides tables and graphs to illustrate the performance of these methods under different scenarios and sample sizes. The results of the proposed distribution in different fields of application are shown using the mortality rates of COVID-19 patients in Spain and flood data from 20 observations. As a result of both applications, it was observed that the proposed distribution gave better results compared to other well-known distributions, such as the beta distribution, transformed gamma distribution, log-weighted power distribution, transmuted power distribution, Kumaraswamy distribution, Topp–Leone distribution, exponentiated reduce Kies distribution, and exponentiated Topp–Leone distribution.