13 results on '"Emery, Joanne L."'
Search Results
2. The Estimation of Body Mass Index and Physical Attractiveness is Dependent on the Observer's Own Body Mass Index
- Author
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Tovee, Martin J., Emery, Joanne L., and Cohen-Tovee, Esther M.
- Published
- 2000
3. Emotional Intelligence and Academic Attainment of British Secondary School Children: A Cross-Sectional Survey
- Author
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Vidal Rodeiro, Carmen L., Emery, Joanne L., and Bell, John F.
- Abstract
Trait emotional intelligence (trait EI) covers a wide range of self-perceived skills and personality dispositions such as motivation, confidence, optimism, peer relations and coping with stress. In the last few years, there has been a growing awareness that social and emotional factors play an important part in students' academic success and it has been claimed that those with high scores on a trait EI measure perform better. This research investigated whether scores on a questionnaire measure of trait EI were related to school performance in a sample of British pupils. Results showed that high performing students had higher trait EI scores than low performing students and that some aspects of trait EI (motivation and low impulsivity) as well as total trait EI were significant predictors of academic achievement after controlling for prior attainment at school. Therefore, initiatives to develop the emotional and social abilities of schoolchildren might be worthwhile and more effective than concentrating solely on teaching and curriculum activities. (Contains 5 tables and 2 notes.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
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4. Measurement of body size and shape perception in eating-disordered and control observers using body-shape software
- Author
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Tovee, Martin J., Benson, Philip J., Emery, Joanne L., Mason, Suzanne M., and Cohen-Tovee, Esther M.
- Subjects
Psychology and mental health - Abstract
A disturbance in the perception of personal body size and shape is a key feature of both anorexia and bulimia nervosa, but it has proved difficult to quantify. Previous attempts have used methods like the distorting video technique (DVT), which alters an image by stretching the figure in either the X- or Y-axis. This is a poor representation of the way fat is added to or lost from the body, and the pattern of distortion provides a host of cues to the degree to which the image has been altered. To overcome these problems we have used a specially designed software system that uses biometric data based on real body shapes, instead of simply stretching or compressing images of bodies. This technique also allows individual body parts to be altered separately, so we can determine whether a specific body part is overestimated relative to others. We can also calculate the apparent body mass index (BMI) of our modified pictures, using the perimeter-area ratio (PAR). This allows us to compare an observer's actual BMI with that calculated for their estimated and ideal bodies. We tested 30 anorexic, 30 bulimic and 137 control observers. Our results show that all three observer groups tend to overestimate their body size, but not significantly so. Both the control and bulimic observers prefer an ideal body with a BMI of 20, which is at the lower end of the 'normal' BMI range. However, the anorexics ideal BMI is 15, which is on the border between the emaciated and underweight BMI categories., Eating disorders are an important psychological and physiological problem, which occur predominantly in the female population. The proportion of women who suffer from these conditions remains high, and current therapeutic [...]
- Published
- 2003
5. A computer-graphic technique for the study of body size perception and body types
- Author
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Benson, Philip J., Emery, Joanne L., Tovée, Martin J., and Cohen-tovée, Esther M.
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Uptake of tailored text message, smoking cessation support in pregnancy when advertised on the Internet (MiQuit): observational study
- Author
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Emery, Joanne L, Coleman, Tim, Sutton, Stephen, Cooper, Sue, Leonardi-Bee, Jo, Jones, Matthew, Naughton, Felix, Emery, Joanne L [0000-0002-8915-7033], Coleman, Tim [0000-0002-7303-4805], Sutton, Stephen [0000-0003-1610-0404], Cooper, Sue [0000-0002-1994-6395], Leonardi-Bee, Jo [0000-0003-0893-6068], Jones, Matthew [0000-0002-4824-9724], Naughton, Felix [0000-0001-9790-2796], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Telemedicine ,020205 medical informatics ,online advertising ,medicine.medical_treatment ,social media ,Population ,Health Informatics ,02 engineering and technology ,Smoking cessation ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,medicine ,Childbirth ,Humans ,Social media ,030212 general & internal medicine ,education ,MiQuit ,intervention ,Original Paper ,Pregnancy ,education.field_of_study ,Text Messaging ,business.industry ,public health ,Advertising ,medicine.disease ,Online advertising ,mHealth ,Observational study ,Female ,eHealth ,pregnancy ,internet ,business ,Demography - Abstract
Background: Smoking in pregnancy is a major public health concern. Pregnant smokers are particularly difficult to reach, with low uptake of support options and few effective interventions. Text message–based self-help is a promising, low-cost intervention for this population, but its real-world uptake is largely unknown.\ud Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the uptake and cost-effectiveness of a tailored, theory-guided, text message intervention for pregnant smokers (“MiQuit”) when advertised on the internet.\ud Methods: Links to a website providing MiQuit initiation information (texting a short code) were advertised on a cost-per-click basis on 2 websites (Google Search and Facebook; £1000 budget each) and free of charge within smoking-in-pregnancy webpages on 2 noncommercial websites (National Childbirth Trust and NHS Choices). Daily budgets were capped to allow the Google and Facebook adverts to run for 1 and 3 months, respectively. We recorded the number of times adverts were shown and clicked on, the number of MiQuit initiations, the characteristics of those initiating MiQuit, and whether support was discontinued prematurely.\ud For the commercial adverts, we calculated the cost per initiation and, using quit rates obtained from an earlier clinical trial, estimated the cost per additional quitter.\ud Results: With equal capped budgets, there were 812 and 1889 advert clicks to the MiQuit website from Google (search-based) and Facebook (banner) adverts, respectively. MiQuit was initiated by 5.2% (42/812) of those clicking via Google (95% CI 3.9%-6.9%) and 2.22% (42/1889) of those clicking via Facebook (95% CI 1.65%-2.99%). Adverts on noncommercial webpages generated 53 clicks over 6 months, with 9 initiations (9/53, 17%; 95% CI 9%-30%). For the commercial websites combined, mean cost per initiation was £24.73; estimated cost per additional quitter, including text delivery costs, was £735.86 (95% CI £227.66-£5223.93). Those initiating MiQuit via Google were typically very early in pregnancy (median gestation 5 weeks, interquartile range 10 weeks); those initiating via Facebook were distributed more evenly across pregnancy (median gestation 16 weeks, interquartile range 14 weeks).\ud Conclusions: Commercial online adverts are a feasible, likely cost-effective method for engaging pregnant smokers in digital cessation support and may generate uptake at a faster rate than noncommercial websites. As a strategy for implementing MiQuit, online advertising has large reach potential and can offer support to a hard-to-reach population of smokers.
- Published
- 2018
7. The predictive validity of the BioMedical Admissions Test for pre-clinical examination performance
- Author
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Emery, Joanne L and Bell, John F
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Supermodels: stick insects or hourglasses?
- Author
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Tovee, Martin J, Mason, Suzanne M, Emery, Joanne L, McCluskey, Sara E, and Cohen-Tovee, Esther M
- Published
- 1997
9. Cognitive and Behavioral Predictors of Quit Attempts and Biochemically-Validated Abstinence During Pregnancy
- Author
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Emery, Joanne L, Sutton, Stephen, Naughton, Felix, Emery, Joanne [0000-0002-8915-7033], Sutton, Stephen [0000-0003-1610-0404], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
- Subjects
Adult ,Motivation ,Health Behavior ,Smoking ,Reproducibility of Results ,Social Support ,Smoking Prevention ,Intention ,Self Efficacy ,Cohort Studies ,England ,Pregnancy ,behavior and behavior mechanisms ,Odds Ratio ,Humans ,Female ,Smoking Cessation ,Pregnant Women ,Attitude to Health ,Original Investigation ,Follow-Up Studies ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic - Abstract
Introduction: Initiating a quit attempt and achieving abstinence are distinct behaviors that have distinct correlates in general smokers. Studies predicting prenatal smoking have not addressed this. Methods: Pregnant smokers (N = 207), recruited to a cessation intervention trial, were used as an observational cohort. Women completed measures at baseline and 12-week follow-up (mid-late pregnancy). Outcomes were having made at least one quit attempt since baseline, and cotinine-validated 7-day abstinence at follow-up in attempters. Baseline predictors included demographics (age, deprivation, partner’s smoking), smoking behaviors (nicotine dependence, quit attempt history, previous prenatal smoking), and smoking beliefs (self-efficacy, determination, intention to quit, nonsmoker identity, social support, pregnancy-outcome beliefs). For each outcome, variables reaching p < .1 in logistic regression analyses were entered into a multivariate model controlling for trial arm. A complete case analysis was undertaken, with missing data assumptions tested in sensitivity analyses. Results: One hundred seventy-five women (85%) completed follow-up. Intention and determination to quit (p < .001), self-efficacy, nonsmoker identity, and not having previously smoked in pregnancy (p < .05) were univariate predictors of making a quit attempt, with stronger intention to quit the only independent predictor (multivariate odds ratio [OR] = 2.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19–4.87). Only nicotine dependence predicted validated abstinence among those who made a quit attempt (multivariate OR = 0.25, 95% CI 0.10–0.60). Conclusions: Initiating a quit attempt and achieving abstinence during pregnancy were found to have different correlates. For women yet to make a quit attempt in their pregnancy, smoking beliefs may be important intervention targets, but once they are engaged in quitting, nicotine dependence appears of prime importance. Implications: This study suggests that cognitive, particularly motivational, variables predict whether pregnant smokers will make a quit attempt, but they do not predict successful abstinence in those who attempt to quit, where nicotine dependence dominates. Interventions should facilitate quit attempts by targeting motivational variables among pregnant women who continue to smoke, but should focus on managing withdrawal once a woman initiates a quit attempt.
- Published
- 2017
10. The BioMedical Admissions Test for medical student selection: Issues of fairness and bias.
- Author
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Emery, Joanne L., Bell, John F., and Vidal Rodeiro, Carmen L.
- Subjects
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COMPUTER software , *EDUCATIONAL tests & measurements , *MEDICAL schools , *MEDICAL students , *SEX distribution , *DATA analysis , *MULTIPLE regression analysis , *SOCIOECONOMIC factors , *SCHOOL admission , *RESEARCH methodology evaluation ,STUDY & teaching of medicine - Abstract
Background: The BioMedical Admissions Test (BMAT) forms part of the undergraduate medical admission process at the University of Cambridge. The fairness of admissions tests is an important issue. Aims: Aims were to investigate the relationships between applicants' background variables and BMAT scores, whether they were offered a place or rejected and, for those admitted, performance on the first year course examinations. Method: Multilevel regression models were employed with data from three combined applicant cohorts. Admission rates for different groups were investigated with and without controlling for BMAT performance. The fairness of the BMAT was investigated by determining, for those admitted, whether scores predicted examination performance equitably. Results: Despite some differences in applicants' BMAT performance (e.g. by school type and gender), BMAT scores predicted mean examination marks equitably for all background variables considered. The probability of achieving a 1st class examination result, however, was slightly under-predicted for those admitted from schools and colleges entering relatively few applicants. Not all differences in admission rates were accounted for by BMAT performance. However, the test constitutes only one part of a compensatory admission system in which other factors, such as interview performance, are important considerations. Conclusion: Results are in support of the equity of the BMAT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Starting Out Right: Nurturing Young Children as Peacemakers K. McGinnis B. Oehlberg
- Author
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Emery, Joanne L.
- Published
- 1990
12. Comment on I. C. McManus, Eamonn Ferguson, Richard Wakeford, David Powis and David James (2011). Predictive validity of the BioMedical Admissions Test (BMAT): An evaluation and case study. Medical Teacher 33(1): (this issue).
- Author
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Emery, Joanne L. and Bell, John F.
- Subjects
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EDUCATIONAL tests & measurements , *EXPERIMENTAL design , *MEDICAL students , *SCHOOL admission , *PREDICTIVE tests , *RESEARCH methodology evaluation ,STUDY & teaching of medicine - Abstract
In this article, the authors discuss a study on the predictive validity of the BioMedical Admissions Test (BMAT) in medical education in Great Britain. It emphasizes the need for validation effort and have argued for this to be extended and enhanced. Moreover, it mentions that the ceiling in A-level grades in the datasets indicates that incremental validity was obtained by the BMAT.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Uptake of Tailored Text Message Smoking Cessation Support in Pregnancy When Advertised on the Internet (MiQuit): Observational Study.
- Author
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Emery JL, Coleman T, Sutton S, Cooper S, Leonardi-Bee J, Jones M, and Naughton F
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Pregnancy, Internet instrumentation, Smoking Cessation methods, Telemedicine methods, Text Messaging instrumentation
- Abstract
Background: Smoking in pregnancy is a major public health concern. Pregnant smokers are particularly difficult to reach, with low uptake of support options and few effective interventions. Text message-based self-help is a promising, low-cost intervention for this population, but its real-world uptake is largely unknown., Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the uptake and cost-effectiveness of a tailored, theory-guided, text message intervention for pregnant smokers ("MiQuit") when advertised on the internet., Methods: Links to a website providing MiQuit initiation information (texting a short code) were advertised on a cost-per-click basis on 2 websites (Google Search and Facebook; £1000 budget each) and free of charge within smoking-in-pregnancy webpages on 2 noncommercial websites (National Childbirth Trust and NHS Choices). Daily budgets were capped to allow the Google and Facebook adverts to run for 1 and 3 months, respectively. We recorded the number of times adverts were shown and clicked on, the number of MiQuit initiations, the characteristics of those initiating MiQuit, and whether support was discontinued prematurely. For the commercial adverts, we calculated the cost per initiation and, using quit rates obtained from an earlier clinical trial, estimated the cost per additional quitter., Results: With equal capped budgets, there were 812 and 1889 advert clicks to the MiQuit website from Google (search-based) and Facebook (banner) adverts, respectively. MiQuit was initiated by 5.2% (42/812) of those clicking via Google (95% CI 3.9%-6.9%) and 2.22% (42/1889) of those clicking via Facebook (95% CI 1.65%-2.99%). Adverts on noncommercial webpages generated 53 clicks over 6 months, with 9 initiations (9/53, 17%; 95% CI 9%-30%). For the commercial websites combined, mean cost per initiation was £24.73; estimated cost per additional quitter, including text delivery costs, was £735.86 (95% CI £227.66-£5223.93). Those initiating MiQuit via Google were typically very early in pregnancy (median gestation 5 weeks, interquartile range 10 weeks); those initiating via Facebook were distributed more evenly across pregnancy (median gestation 16 weeks, interquartile range 14 weeks)., Conclusions: Commercial online adverts are a feasible, likely cost-effective method for engaging pregnant smokers in digital cessation support and may generate uptake at a faster rate than noncommercial websites. As a strategy for implementing MiQuit, online advertising has large reach potential and can offer support to a hard-to-reach population of smokers., (©Joanne L Emery, Tim Coleman, Stephen Sutton, Sue Cooper, Jo Leonardi-Bee, Matthew Jones, Felix Naughton. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http://www.jmir.org), 19.04.2018.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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