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47 results on '"Erd, C."'

9. Soft photon production in 450 GeV/cp-Be collisions

Author

Antos, J., Beker, H., Brons, S., Bussmann, K., Dagan, S., Drees, A., Erd, C., Esten, M. J., Fabjan, C. W., Glässel, P., Goerlach, U., Hedberg, V., Lissauer, D., Mazzoni, M. A., McCubbin, N. A., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Olsen, L., Pfeiffer, A., Ray, A., Schukraft, J., Shapira, D., Soltani, J., Specht, H. J., Stumer, I., Thompson, J., Veenhof, R. J., Willis, W. J., and Woody, C.

Published
1993
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10. First Light Measurements with the XMM-Newton Reflection Grating Spectrometers: Evidence for an Inverse First Ionization Potential Effect and Anomalous Ne Abundance in the Coronae of HR 1099

Author

Brinkman, A. C, Behar, E, Guedel, M, Audard, M, denBoggende, A. J. F, Branduardi-Raymont, G, Cottam, J, Erd, C, denHerder, J. W, and Jensen, F

Subjects
Astronomy
Abstract

The RS CVn binary system HR 1099 was extensively observed by the XMM-Newton observatory in February 2000 as its first-light target. A total of 570 ks of exposure time was accumulated with the Reflection Grating Spectrometers (RGS). The integrated X-ray spectrum between 5-38A is of unprecedented quality and shows numerous features attributed to transitions of the elements C, N, O, Ne, Mg, Si, S, Fe. Ni, and probably others. We perform an in-depth study of the elemental composition of the average corona of this system, and find that the elemental abundances strongly depend on the first ionisation potential (FIP) of the elements. But different from the solar coronal case, we find an inverse FIP effect, i.e., the abundances (relative to oxygen) increase with increasing FIP. Possible scenarios, e.g., selective enrichment due to Ne-rich flare-like events, are discussed.

Published
2000

13. Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer: mission status after the Definition Phase

Author

Titov, D., Barabash, S., Bruzzone, Lorenzo, Dougherty, M. K., Erd, C., Fletcher, L., Gare, Philippe, Gladstone, R., Grasset, O., Gurvits, L., Hartogh, P., Hussmann, Hauke, Iess, L., Jaumann, Ralf, Langevin, Yves, Palumbo, P., Piccioni, Giuseppe, Sarri, Guiseppe, Wahlund, J.-E., and Witasse, Olivier

Subjects
Planetengeologie, Planetengeodäsie, JUICE
Published
2015

15. On the detection of single optical photons with superconducting tunnel junction.

Author

Peacock, A., Verhoeve, P., Rando, N., van Dordrecht, A., Taylor, B. G., Erd, C., Perryman, M. A. C., Venn, R., Howlett, J., Goldie, D. J., Lumley, J., and Wallis, M.

Subjects
PHOTON detectors, QUANTUM theory
Abstract

We report the detection of individual optical and ultraviolet photons using a different approach to photon detection based on a superconducting tunnel junction. A 20 × 20 μm² junction, employing a 100 nm niobium film and operated at a temperature of ∼0.4 K, has been used to detect individual photons with inherently high quantum efficiency (>45%) over a broad wavelength range (between 200 and 500 nm), yielding high temporal (sub-ms) resolution, spatial resolution determined by the junction size, under conditions of minimal dark current, and in the absence of read noise. The quantum efficiency is limited by surface reflection, and could be improved by the deposition of antireflection coatings. The theoretical wavelength response range continues into the far UV and soft x-ray region, and is presently limited beyond 500 nm largely by the available signal processing electronics. The device intrinsically functions at very high incident photon rates—with count rates of order ∼10 kHz or higher being feasible and again currently limited primarily by the signal processing electronics—thus providing a correspondingly enhanced dynamic range by several orders of magnitude compared with previous panoramic photon counting detectors. The measured charge output from the device is highly linear with photon energy resulting in an optical photon detection system with intrinsic spectral resolution, related to the critical temperature of the junction material and, in the current device, providing a limiting spectral resolution of about 50 nm. It is realistic in the future to envisage that these devices could be packaged into arrays, with the resulting system characteristics offering advantages over detectors based on semiconductors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1997
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16. The Jupiter icy moons explorer (JUICE): Complementarity of the payload in addressing the mission science objectives (abstract)

Author

Grasset, O., Altobelli, N., Barabash, S., Bruzzone, L., Dougherty, M., Erd, C., Fletcher, L., Gare, P., Gladstone, R., Gurvits, L., Hartogh, P., Hussmann, H., Jaumann, R., Iess, L., Langevin, Y., Palumbo, P., Piccioni, G., Titov, D., and Wahlund, J.E.

Abstract

This presentation will give a status of the JUICE mission in the end of the definition phase, its science scenario, and the observation strategies that are foreseen with a strong emphasis on the complemen-tarity of the suite of instruments. To summarize, the instrument suite on-board JUICE will allow the inte-gration of datasets into a comprehensive multisensor / multitemporal / multiresolution view maximizing the scientific return of the data. This will be demonstrated using six examples that are briefly described in this abstract.

Published
2014

17. Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE): Science Objectives, Mission and Instruments (abstract)

Author

Gurvits, L., Plaut, J.J., Barabash, S., Bruzzone, L., Dougherty, M., Erd, C., Fletcher, L., Gladstone, R., Grasset, O., Hartogh, P., Hussmann, H., Iess, L., Jaumann, R., Langevin, Y., Palumbo, P., Piccioni, G., Titov, D., and Wahlund, J.E.

Subjects
Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Physics::Geophysics
Abstract

The JUpiter ICy Moons Explorer (JUICE) is a European Space Agency mission that will fly by and observe the Galilean satellites Europa, Ganymede and Callisto, characterize the Jovian system in a lengthy Jupiter-orbit phase, and ultimately orbit Ganymede for in-depth studies of habitability, evolution and the local environment [1].

Published
2014

18. Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE): Science Objectives, Mission and Instruments

Author

Plaut, S., Barabash, S., Bruzzone, L., Dougherty, M. K., Erd, C., Fletcher, L., Gladstone, R., Grasset, O., Gurvits, L., Hartogh, Paul, Hussmann, H., Iess, L., Jaumann, R., Langevin, Y., Palumbo, P., Piccioni, G., Titov, D.V., and Wahlund, J.-E.

Subjects
Planetengeologie, Juice, planetary missions, Planetengeodäsie
Published
2014

19. JUICE:complementarity of the payload in adressing the mission science objectives

Author

Titov, D.V., Barabash, S., Bruzzone, L., Dougherty, M. K., Erd, C., Fletcher, L., Gare, Philippe, Gladstone, R., Grasset, O., Gurvits, L., Hartogh, P., Hussmann, H., Iess, L., Jaumann, R., Langevin, Y., Palumbo, P., Piccioni, G., and Wahlund, J.-E.

Subjects
Planetengeologie, Planetengeodäsie, JUICE
Published
2014

20. Review of Exchange Processes on Ganymede in View of Its Planetary Protection Categorisation

Author

Grasset, Olivier, Bunce, E., Coustenis, Athéna, Dougherty, Michele K., Erd, C., Hussmann, Hauke, Jaumann, Ralf, Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga, Henry, Florence, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Leicester, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Planétologie du LESIA, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Imperial College London, Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), and Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR)

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], [PHYS.ASTR] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience; The outer planet satellites are a rich and diverse set of planetary bodies, with great relevance to astrobiological studies, satisfying a number or all of the prerequisites for habitability. Some of them show evidence for organic chemistry in their atmospheres, surfaces or interiors. Many of the satellites, including the smallest, thus contain organic material. In addition, the largest satellites are believed to hide global-scale oceans within. During the earlier Galileo mission, strong evidence for the presence of an internal ocean was obtained at Europa. Since then, the evidence has accumulated for such sub-surface liquid water oceans to exist not only on Europa but also on the two other icy Galilean satellites, Ganymede, and Callisto.

Published
2013

21. JUpiter ICy moons Explorer (JUICE): An ESA L-Class Mission Candidate to the Jupiter System

Author

Dougherty, Michele K., Grasset, Olivier, Erd, C., Titov, Dmitry V., Bunce, E., Coustenis, Athéna, Blanc, Michel, Coates, A. J., Drossart, Pierre, Fletcher, Lyndsay, Hussmann, Hauke, Jaumann, Ralf, Krupp, Norbert, Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga, Tortora, P., Tosi, Federico, van Hoolst, Tim, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Planétologie du LESIA, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2012

22. Titan Saturn System Mission Instrumentation

Author

Coustenis, Athéna, Lunine, Jonathan I., Reh, Kim R., Lebreton, Jean-Pierre, Erd, C., Beauchamp, Patricia, Matson, Dennis L., Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Planétologie du LESIA, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience; The Titan Saturn System Mission (TSSM), another future mission proposed for Titan's exploration, includes an orbiter and two in situ elements: a hot-air balloon and a lake lander. The instrumentation of those two elements will be presented.

Published
2012

23. JUpiter ICy Moons Explorer (JUICE): The ESA L1 Mission to the Jupiter System

Author

Dougherty, Michele K., Grasset, Olivier, Erd, C., Titov, Dmitry V., Bunce, E., Coustenis, Athéna, Blanc, Michel, Coates, A. J., Drossart, Pierre, Fletcher, Lyndsay, Hussmann, Hauke, Jaumann, Ralf, Krupp, Norbert, Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga, Tortora, P., Tosi, Federico, van Hoolst, Tim, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Planétologie du LESIA, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2012

24. Jupiter Icy moons Explorer (JUICE): An ESA L-Class mission cadidate to the Jupiter system

Author

Dougherty, M. K., Grasset, O., Erd, C., Titov, D., Bunce, E., Coustenis, A., Blanc, M., Coates, A., Drossart, P., Fletcher, L., Hussmann, H., Jaumann, Ralf, Krupp, N., Prieto-Ballesteros, O., Tortora, P., Tosi, F., and Van Hoolst, T.

Subjects
Planetengeologie, icy moons, Jupiter, Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, JUICE
Abstract

The discovery of four large moons orbiting around Jupiter by Galileo Galilei four hundred years ago spurred the Copernican Revolution and forever changed our view of the Solar System and universe. Today, Jupiter is seen as the archetype for giant planets in our Solar System as well as for the numerous giant planets known to orbit other stars. In many respects, and in all their complexities, Jupiter and its diverse satellites form a mini-Solar System. By investigating this system, and thereby unravelling the history of its evolution, from initial formation of the planet to the development of its satellite system, we will gain a general understanding of how gas giant planets and their satellite systems form and evolve and of how our Solar System works.

Published
2012

25. JUICE (JUpiter ICy moon Explorer): a European-led mission to the Jupiter system

Author

M.K., Dougherty, Grasset, O., Bunce, E., Coustenis, A., D.V., Titov, Erd, C., Blanc, M., A.J., Coates, Coradini, A., Drossart, P., Fletcher, L., Hussmann, H., Jaumann, R., Krupp, N., Prieto-Ballesteros, O., Tortora, P., Tosi, F., Hoolst T., Van, J.-P., Lebreton, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Planétologie du LESIA, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
Missionen, Jupiter, Jupitermonde, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2011

26. EJSM-Laplace : exploring the emergence of habitable worlds around gas giants

Author

Dougherty, M., Grasset, O., Bunce, E., Coustenis, A., J.-P., Lebreton, Titov, D., Erd, C., Al., Et, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences
Published
2011

27. SMART-1 Impact Ground-based campaign

Author

Ehrenfreund, P., Foing, B. H., Veillet, C., Wooden, D., Gurvits, L., Cook, A. C., Koschny, D., Biver, N., Buckley, D., Ortiz, J. L., Di Martino, M., Dantowitz, R., Cooke, B., Reddy, V., Wood, M., Vennes, S., Albert, L., Sugita, S., Kasuga, T., Meech, K., Tokunaga, A., Lucey, P., Krots, A., Palle, E., Montanes, P., Trigo-Rodriguez, J., Cremonese, G., Barbieri, C., Ferri, F., Mangano, V., Bhandari, N., Chandrasekhar, T., Kawano, N., Matsumoto, K., Taylor, C., Hanslmeyer, A., Vaubaillon, J., Schultz, R., Erd, C., Gondoin, P., Levasseur-Regourd, A.-C., Khodachenko, M., Rucker, H., Burchell, M., Cole, M., Svedhem, H., Rossi, A., Colaprete, T., Goldstein, D., Schultz, P. H., Alkalai, L., Banerdt, B., Kato, M., Graham, F., Ball, A., Taylor, E., Baldwin, E., Berezhnoy, A., Lammer, H., Talevi, M., Landeau-Constantin, J., Weyhe, B. v., Ansari, S., Lawton, C., Lebreton, J. P., Friedman, L., Betts, B., Buoso, M., Williams, S., Cirou, A., David, L., Sanguy, O., Burke, J. D., Maley, P. D., de Morais, V. M., Marchis, F., Munoz, J. M. H., and Dighay, J.-L.

Abstract

Based on predictions of impact magnitude and cloud ejecta dynamics, we organized a SMART-1 ground-based observation campaign to perform coordinated measurements of the impact. Results from the coordinated multi-site campaign will be discussed.

Published
2007

28. SMART-1 Impact Campaign: Predictions, Observations, LCROSS Implications

Author

Foing, Bernard H., Frew, D., Almeida, A., Sarkarati, M., Volp, J., Racca, G., Camino, O., Schoenmaker, J., Schwehm, G., Josset, Jean-Luc, Beauvivre, Stéphane, Sodnik, Zoran, Cerroni, Priscilla, Barucci, Maria Antonella, Grande, M., Keller, Horst Uwe, Nathues, A., Muinonen, Karri, Ehrenfreund, Pascale, Wood, M., Vennes, S., Meech, Karen J., Taylor, C., Hanslmeyer, A., Vaubaillon, Jérémie, Khodachenko, Maxim L., Rucker, Helmut O., Leibundgut, B., Hainaut, Olivier, Gondoin, Philippe, Ortiz, José Luiz, Schultz, R., Erd, C., Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Planétologie du LESIA, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2006

29. A Mission to Explore the Pioneer Anomaly

Author

The Pioneer Explorer Collaboration, Dittus, H., Turyshev, S. G., L��mmerzahl, C., Theil, S., Foerstner, R., Johann, U., Ertmer, W., Rasel, E., Dachwald, B., Seboldt, W., Hehl, F. W., Kiefer, C., Blome, H. -J., Kunz, J., Giulini, D., Bingham, R., Kent, B., Sumner, T. J., Bertolami, O., P��ramos, J., Rosales, J. L., Christophe, B., Foulon, B., Touboul, P., Bouyer, P., Reynaud, S., Brillet, A., Bondu, F., Samain, E., de Matos, C. J., Erd, C., Grenouilleau, J. C., Izzo, D., Rathke, A., Anderson, J. D., Asmar, S. W., Lau, E. L., Nieto, M. M., Mashhoon, B., Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab [Châtillon], ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique / Optique atomique, Laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique (LCFIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Jussieu)), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Relativiste Théories Expériences Métrologie Instrumentation Signaux (ARTEMIS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ), NASA-California Institute of Technology ( CALTECH ), ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab ( Chatillon ), ONERA, Laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique ( LCFIO ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut d'Optique Graduate School ( IOGS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut d'Optique Graduate School ( IOGS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel ( LKB (Jussieu) ), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris ( FRDPENS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Astrophysique Relativiste Théories Expériences Métrologie Instrumentation Signaux ( ARTEMIS ), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis ( UNS ), Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Los Alamos National Laboratory ( LANL ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, [ PHYS.GRQC ] Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc]
Abstract

The Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft yielded the most precise navigation in deep space to date. These spacecraft had exceptional acceleration sensitivity. However, analysis of their radio-metric tracking data has consistently indicated that at heliocentric distances of $\sim 20-70$ astronomical units, the orbit determinations indicated the presence of a small, anomalous, Doppler frequency drift. The drift is a blue-shift, uniformly changing with a rate of $\sim(5.99 \pm 0.01)\times 10^{-9}$ Hz/s, which can be interpreted as a constant sunward acceleration of each particular spacecraft of $a_P = (8.74 \pm 1.33)\times 10^{-10} {\rm m/s^2}$. This signal has become known as the Pioneer anomaly. The inability to explain the anomalous behavior of the Pioneers with conventional physics has contributed to growing discussion about its origin. There is now an increasing number of proposals that attempt to explain the anomaly outside conventional physics. This progress emphasizes the need for a new experiment to explore the detected signal. Furthermore, the recent extensive efforts led to the conclusion that only a dedicated experiment could ultimately determine the nature of the found signal. We discuss the Pioneer anomaly and present the next steps towards an understanding of its origin. We specifically focus on the development of a mission to explore the Pioneer Anomaly in a dedicated experiment conducted in deep space., 8 pages, 9 figures; invited talk given at the 2005 ESLAB Symposium "Trends in Space Science and Cosmic Vision 2020", 19-21 April 2005, ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands

Published
2004

30. Fundamental Physics with the Laser Astrometric Test Of Relativity

Author

LATOR Collaboration, Turyshev, S. G., Dittus, H., Shao, M., Nordtvedt, Jr., K. L., Laemmerzahl, C., Theil, S., Ertmer, W., Rasel, E., Foerstner, R., Johann, U., Klioner, S., Soffel, M., Dachwald, B., Seboldt, W., Perlick, V., Sandford, M. C. W., Bingham, R., Kent, B., Sumner, T. J., Bertolami, O., Paramos, J., Christophe, B., Foulon, B., Touboul, P., Bouyer, P., Damour, T., Reynaud, S., Salomon, C., Brillet, A., Bondu, F., Mangin, J. -F., Samain, E., Erd, C., Grenouilleau, J. C., Izzo, D., Rathke, A., Asmar, S. W., Colavita, M., Gursel, Y., Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab [Châtillon], ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique / Optique atomique, Laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique (LCFIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut des Hautes Etudes Scientifiques (IHES), IHES, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Jussieu)), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Lhomond)), Astrophysique Relativiste Théories Expériences Métrologie Instrumentation Signaux (ARTEMIS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ), NASA-California Institute of Technology ( CALTECH ), ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab ( Chatillon ), ONERA, Laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique ( LCFIO ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut d'Optique Graduate School ( IOGS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut d'Optique Graduate School ( IOGS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut des Hautes Etudes Scientifiques ( IHES ), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel ( LKB (Jussieu) ), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris ( FRDPENS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel ( LKB (Lhomond) ), Astrophysique Relativiste Théories Expériences Métrologie Instrumentation Signaux ( ARTEMIS ), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis ( UNS ), Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques (IHES), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics::Space Physics, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, [ PHYS.GRQC ] Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc]
Abstract

The Laser Astrometric Test Of Relativity (LATOR) is a joint European-U.S. Michelson-Morley-type experiment designed to test the pure tensor metric nature of gravitation - a fundamental postulate of Einstein's theory of general relativity. By using a combination of independent time-series of highly accurate gravitational deflection of light in the immediate proximity to the Sun, along with measurements of the Shapiro time delay on interplanetary scales (to a precision respectively better than 0.1 picoradians and 1 cm), LATOR will significantly improve our knowledge of relativistic gravity. The primary mission objective is to i) measure the key post-Newtonian Eddington parameter \gamma with accuracy of a part in 10^9. (1-\gamma) is a direct measure for presence of a new interaction in gravitational theory, and, in its search, LATOR goes a factor 30,000 beyond the present best result, Cassini's 2003 test. The mission will also provide: ii) first measurement of gravity's non-linear effects on light to ~0.01% accuracy; including both the Eddington \beta parameter and also the spatial metric's 2nd order potential contribution (never measured before); iii) direct measurement of the solar quadrupole moment J2 (currently unavailable) to accuracy of a part in 200 of its expected size; iv) direct measurement of the "frame-dragging" effect on light by the Sun's gravitomagnetic field, to 1% accuracy. LATOR's primary measurement pushes to unprecedented accuracy the search for cosmologically relevant scalar-tensor theories of gravity by looking for a remnant scalar field in today's solar system. We discuss the mission design of this proposed experiment., Comment: 8 pages, 9 figures; invited talk given at the 2005 ESLAB Symposium "Trends in Space Science and Cosmic Vision 2020," 19-21 April 2005, ESTEC, Noodrwijk, The Netherlands

Published
2004

31. Performance and results of the reflection grating spectrometers onboard XMM-Newton

Author

den Herder, J.W., Brinkman, A.C., Kahn, S.M., Branduardi-Raymont, G., Audard, M., Behar, E., Blustin, A., den Boggende, A.J., Cottam, J., Erd, C., Gabriel, C., Guedel, M., van der Heyden, K., Kaastra, J.S., Kinkhabwala, A., Leutenegger, M.A., Mewe, R., Paerels, F., Raassen, A.J.J., Peterson, J.R., Pollock, A., Rasmussen, A.P., Sako, M., Santos-Lleo, M., Steenbrugge, K.C., Tamura, T., de Vries, C.P., Trümper, J.E., Tananbaum, H.D., and High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI)

Published
2003

32. The GENIE nulling experiment

Author

Absil, Olivier, Gondoin, Philippe, den Hartog, Roland H., Erd, C., Fridlund, Malcolm C., Rando, Nicola, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Astronomie du LESIA, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2002

33. Candidate VLTI Configurations for the GENIE Nulling Experiment

Author

Absil, Olivier, Gondoin, Philippe, Erd, C., Fridlund, Malcolm C., den Hartog, Roland H., Labadie, Lucas, Rando, Nicola, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Astronomie du LESIA, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2002

34. The Darwin Ground-based European Nulling Interferometry Experiment

Author

Gondoin, Philippe, Absil, Olivier, Fridlund, Malcolm C., Erd, C., den Hartog, Roland H., Rando, Nicola, Glindemann, Andreas, Koehler, Bertrand, Wilhelm, Rainer C., Karlsson, Anders L., Labadie, Lucas, Mann, Ingrid, Peacock, Anthony J., Richichi, Andrea, Sodnik, Zoran, Tarenghi, Massimo, Volonte, Sergio, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Astronomie du LESIA, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2002

35. The Darwin-GENIE Experiment: An ESA-ESO Partnership

Author

Gondoin, Philippe, Absil, Olivier, Erd, C., Fridlund, Malcolm C., den Hartog, Roland H., Rando, Nicola, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Astronomie du LESIA, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2002

36. Stellar Coronae with XMM-Newton RGS II: X-ray Variability

Author

Audard, M., Gudel, M., Den Boggende, Aj, Brinkman, Ac, Den Herder, Jw, Kaastra, Js, Mewe, R., Raassen, Ajj, Vries, C., Behar, E., Cottam, J., Kahn, Sm, Paerels, Fbs, Peterson, Jm, Rasmussen, Ap, Sako, M., Branduardi-Raymont, G., Sakelliou, I., Erd, C., Giacconi, R., Serio, S., Stella, L., and Low Energy Astrophysics (API, FNWI)

Published
2001

37. Stellar Coronae with \textit{XMM-Newton} RGS. II. X-ray Variability

Author

Audard, M., Guedel, M., Boggende, A. J. den, Brinkman, A. C., Herder, J. W. den, Kaastra, J. S., Mewe, R., Raassen, A. J. J., de Vries, C., Behar, E., Cottam, J., Kahn, S. M., Paerels, F. B. S., Peterson, J. M., Rasmussen, A. P., Sako, M., Branduardi-Raymont, G., Sakelliou, I., and Erd, C.

Subjects
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Physics::Space Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

First results from high-resolution coronal spectroscopy of flares with the Reflection Grating Spectrometers on board the \textit{XMM-Newton} satellite are reviewed. Rotational modulation in the X-ray light curve of HR 1099 is discussed. Results from time-dependent spectroscopy of flares in the active stars HR 1099, AB Dor, YY Gem are also presented. Variations in the shape of the emission measure distributions, in the abundances and in the average density of the cool plasma are discussed., To appear in Proc. of "X-ray astronomy 2000",(Palermo Sep. 2000), Eds. R. Giacconi, L. Stella, S. Serio, ASP Conf. Series, in press

Published
2000

38. Stellar Coronae with \textit{XMM-Newton} RGS. I. Coronal Structure

Author

Guedel, M., Audard, M., Boggende, A. J. den, Brinkman, A. C., Herder, J. W. den, Kaastra, J. S., Mewe, R., Raassen, A. J. J., de Vries, C., Behar, E., Cottam, J., Kahn, S. M., Paerels, F. B. S., Peterson, J. M., Rasmussen, A. P., Sako, M., Branduardi-Raymont, G., Sakelliou, I., and Erd, C.

Subjects
Astrophysics (astro-ph), Physics::Space Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

First results from high-resolution coronal spectroscopy with the {\it XMM-Newton} Reflection Grating Spectrometers (RGS) are reviewed. Five stellar systems (HR 1099, Capella, Procyon, YY Gem, AB Dor) have been observed. The emphasis of the present paper is on overall coronal structure. Elemental abundances in {\it active stars} are found to be `anomalous' in the sense that they tend to increase with increasing First Ionization Potential (FIP - i.e., signifying an inverse FIP effect). Coronal densities are measured at levels of a few times $10^{10}$ cm$^{-3}$ for cooler plasma, although there are indications for very high densities in the hotter plasma components., To appear in Proc. of "X-ray astronomy 2000",(Palermo Sep. 2000), Eds. R. Giacconi, L. Stella, S. Serio, ASP Conf. Series, in press

Published
2000

42. Atmospheric Planetary Probes and Balloons in the Solar System.

Author

Coustenis, A, Atkinson, D, Balint, T, Beauchamp, P, Atreya, S, Lebreton, J-P, Lunine, J, Matson, D, Erd, C, Reh, K, Spilker, T R, Elliott, J, Hall, J, and Strange, N

Subjects
PLANETARY atmospheres, SPACE probes, PARACHUTE deployment, VENUS (Planet), TITAN (Satellite), MARTIAN exploration
Abstract

A primary motivation for in situ probe and balloon missions in the solar system is to progressively constrain models of its origin and evolution. Specifically, understanding the origin and evolution of multiple planetary atmospheres within our solar system would provide a basis for comparative studies that lead to a better understanding of the origin and evolution of our own solar system as well as extra-solar planetary systems. Hereafter, the authors discuss in situ exploration science drivers, mission architectures, and technologies associated with probes at Venus, the giant planets and Titan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2011
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43. Soft photon production in 450 GeV/c p-Be collisions.

Author

Antos, J., Beker, H., Brons, S., Bussmann, K., Dagan, S., Drees, A., Erd, C., Esten, M., Fabjan, C., Glässel, P., Goerlach, U., Hedberg, V., Lissauer, D., Mazzoni, M., McCubbin, N., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Olsen, L., Pfeiffer, A., and Ray, A.

Abstract

We have measured the inclusive p spectra of soft photons produced at central and backward rapidities in 450 GeV/c p-Be collisions down to 1 MeV/c in transverse momentum. In the region 1< p<20 MeV/c an excess of photons over those expected from hadronic decays is observed. This excess is comparable, within systematic errors, with estimates of direct photons produced via hadronic bremsstrahlung. An upper limit is derived on the presence of additional sources of direct photons at small transverse momentum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1993
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45. Hard X- and γ-ray measurements with a 3×3×2mm3 CdZnTe detector

Author

Owens, Alan, Buslaps, T., Erd, C., Graafsma, H., Lumb, D., and Welter, E.

Subjects
*SEMICONDUCTORS, *DETECTORS, *ELECTRIC conductivity, *SOLID state electronics
Abstract

Abstract: We report the results of a series of X- and γ-ray measurements on a , 2mm thick CdZnTe detector carried out at the HASYLAB and ESRF synchrotron radiation facilities. The detector energy response function was found to be linear over the energy range 10–100keV with an average rms non-linearity of 0.6%, consistent with statistics. Under full area illumination, the FWHM energy resolution was 270eV at 5.9keV and rises to 930eV at 59.54keV. Under pencil beam illumination, the measured energy resolution at 10keV was 310eV FWHM and rises to ∼1000eV at 100keV. At 60keV the resolution was found to be ∼30% lower than that measured under uniform illumination, indicating a degree of non-uniform crystallinity and stoichiometry in the bulk. For energies <50keV, the measured energy-loss spectra show symmetric photopeaks, becoming increasing tailed at higher energies due to hole trapping. Using risetime discrimination (RTD) to filter out events due to holes, it was found that the shape of the photopeaks could be substantially improved at high energies, albeit at the expense of photopeak efficiency. In fact, the relative number of counts in photopeak, dropped from ∼90% at 10keV to ∼15% at 100keV. The results show that a combination of low-noise front-end architecture and RTD leads to very good performances below, say, 100keV, but above this energy, other techniques (e.g., bi-parametric corrections or single carrier sensing techniques) need to be employed if spectrometric performance is to be maintained. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2006
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46. The search for worlds like our own.

Author

Fridlund M, Eiroa C, Henning T, Herbst T, Lammer H, Léger A, Liseau R, Paresce F, Penny A, Quirrenbach A, Röttgering H, Selsis F, White GJ, Absil O, Defrère D, Hanot C, Stam D, Schneider J, Tinetti G, Karlsson A, Gondoin P, den Hartog R, D'Arcio L, Stankov AM, Kilter M, Erd C, Beichman C, Coulter D, Danchi W, Devirian M, Johnston KJ, Lawson P, Lay OP, Lunine J, and Kaltenegger L

Subjects
Humans, Time Factors, Atmosphere, Life, Planets, Research Design, Solar System
Abstract

The direct detection of Earth-like exoplanets orbiting nearby stars and the characterization of such planets-particularly, their evolution, their atmospheres, and their ability to host life-constitute a significant problem. The quest for other worlds as abodes of life has been one of mankind's great questions for several millennia. For instance, as stated by Epicurus approximately 300 BC: "Other worlds, with plants and other living things, some of them similar and some of them different from ours, must exist." Demokritos from Abdera (460-370 BC), the man who invented the concept of indivisible small parts-atoms-also held the belief that other worlds exist around the stars and that some of these worlds may be inhabited by life-forms. The idea of the plurality of worlds and of life on them has since been held by scientists like Johannes Kepler and William Herschel, among many others. Here, one must also mention Giordano Bruno. Born in 1548, Bruno studied in France and came into contact with the teachings of Nicolas Copernicus. He wrote the book De l'Infinito, Universo e Mondi in 1584, in which he claimed that the Universe was infinite, that it contained an infinite amount of worlds like Earth, and that these worlds were inhabited by intelligent beings. At the time, this was extremely controversial, and eventually Bruno was arrested by the church and burned at the stake in Rome in 1600, as a heretic, for promoting this and other equally confrontational issues (though it is unclear exactly which idea was the one that ultimately brought him to his end). In all the aforementioned cases, the opinions and results were arrived at through reasoning-not by experiment. We have only recently acquired the technological capability to observe planets orbiting stars other than 6 our Sun; acquisition of this capability has been a remarkable feat of our time. We show in this introduction to the Habitability Primer that mankind is at the dawning of an age when, by way of the scientific method and 21(st)-century technology, we will be able to answer this fascinating controversial issue that has persisted for at least 2500 years.

Published
2010
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