12 results on '"Fair Trade certification"'
Search Results
2. Money Well Spent? Operations, Mainstreaming, and Fairness of Fair Trade.
- Author
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Lim, Michael K., Mak, Ho‐Yin, and Park, Seung Jae
- Subjects
TRADE shows ,FAIR trade goods ,SOCIAL impact ,CHARITIES ,FAIRNESS - Abstract
We examine the operations, fairness, and social implications of fair trade certified products. We consider the market for fair trade certified products, which may serve as a substitute to a regular product. A fair trade organization chooses standards for the certification, namely, the (unit) premium and minimum fraction of fair trade raw materials, to maximize the total premium transferred to farmers. We analyze the operations of various stakeholders in the fair trade value chain, as well as the role and social welfare of fair trade organizations with different philosophies. We characterize the firms' entry decision in the fair trade market as well as the resulting market equilibrium. Furthermore, we examine the impact of mainstreaming, i.e., whether to allow large‐scale plantations (often owned by large corporates) to be eligible for fair trade certification or not, which is one of the most discussed topics in the fair trade movement. We also identify the welfare allocation among various stakeholders in the value chain under different certification policies, and thereby address the fairness issue of the fair trade market as well as its resulting social welfare implications. Finally, we obtain a number of policy insights and suggestions to support this nascent marketplace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Willingness to pay for environmentally linked clothing at an event: visibility, environmental certification, and level of environmental concern.
- Author
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Dodds, Rachel, Pitts, Robert E., and Smith, Wayne W.
- Subjects
WILLINGNESS to pay ,CLOTHING & dress -- Environmental aspects ,ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis ,SUSTAINABLE development ,CERTIFICATION - Abstract
Apparel and the attributes they portray have an opportunity to influence the willingness to pay (WTP) of those who purchase them. While there have been a number of studies examining WTP, few examine purchases in a festival setting. The goal of this study was to explore participants’ WTP for apparel based on a more external motivation (visible environmental message) and/or an internal motivation (environmentally sustainable certification) at a festival. A total of 427 structured surveys were administered at a folk music festival in Canada. The study examined two differing approaches to product design for environmentally linked apparel: a message visible on the outside of the garment vs. an environmental certification inside the garment. A contingent valuation methodology was used to measure WTP and analysis conducted with Repeated Measures ANOVA. Results indicate that both product designs significantly increased WTP for the t-shirt as described. Implications of this study suggest that an enhanced understanding of the factors influencing attendee’s WTP for apparel attributes can lead to better meeting the wants of attendees, more sales and higher margins on sales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Do Fair Trade Labels Bias Consumers’ Perceptions of Food Products? A Comparison Between a Central Location Test and Home-Use Test
- Author
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Joachim J. Schouteten, Xavier Gellynck, and Hendrik Slabbinck
- Subjects
Agriculture and Food Sciences ,Location test ,Monitoring ,030309 nutrition & dietetics ,Supply chain ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Geography, Planning and Development ,label ,halo ,emotion ,TJ807-830 ,Context (language use) ,sensory ,willingness-to-pay ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,TD194-195 ,Renewable energy sources ,Fair Trade certification ,03 medical and health sciences ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Willingness to pay ,Perception ,GE1-350 ,Renewable Energy ,media_common ,Planning and Development ,0303 health sciences ,Sustainability and the Environment ,Geography ,Policy and Law ,Environmental effects of industries and plants ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,consumer ,Advertising ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,040401 food science ,Popularity ,Management ,Product (business) ,Environmental sciences ,Fair trade ,sustainable ,business ,acceptance - Abstract
Consumers are paying more and more attention to ethical and social criteria during grocery shopping. As a result, Fair Trade products which are certified to address global supply chain issues (e.g., forced labor, working conditions, fair pay), are gaining popularity. However, it is unclear to which extent Fair Trade labels might influence how consumers perceive such labelled food products. The aim of this research was to examine the potential effect of Fair Trade labels on several measurements (overall liking, sensory profiling, emotions, willingness-to-pay and kCal estimations). Furthermore, tests were carried out at a sensory lab and at home to examine if the evaluation context might impact the label effect. In total, 179 consumers participated in this study of which 90 carried out the test in the sensory test facilities (central location test—CLT) and 89 at home (home-use-test—HUT). Participants evaluated three pairs of food products (nuts, juice and chocolate) of which one was labelled as conventional and the other one as Fair Trade. However, participants were each time evaluating the same Fair Trade product. Results showed that the Fair Trade label increased the overall liking. For the juice and chocolate, a higher willingness-to-pay was found when the product was labelled as ‘Fair Trade’ while no effect of the label was established for the nuts. The Fair Trade label did not affect the kcal estimation of the samples. The Fair Trade label had a rather limited influence on the sensory and emotional profiling of the food products. Furthermore, the results of the CLT and HUT were highly similar indicating that the evaluation context has little impact on the labelling effect.
- Published
- 2021
5. Geographical Indications in Latin America Value Chains: A “branding from below” strategy or a mechanism excluding the poorest?
- Author
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Mancini, Maria Cecilia
- Subjects
VALUE chains ,GLOBALIZATION ,INTERNATIONAL markets ,BUSINESS enterprises ,RURAL development ,CERTIFICATION ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
Abstract: Participation in Global Value Chains or International Value Chains dominated by industries and retailers from the developed world may allow the enterprises of developing countries access to the international market, but at the same time may give rise to difficulties for them. For lower income players, standing up to dominant players may involve developing strategies based on product certification driven, for instance, by growing consumer demand for organic products, Fair Trade products or products bearing a link with the culture and the history of the place of production. Geographical Indications (GIs) may thus represent an opportunity for developing countries to move into lucrative niche markets. Nevertheless, I argue that GI schemes embedded in Global or International Value Chains and implemented as a product differentiation strategy in developing countries may support the technical and economic development of some rural areas but at the same time they can contribute to the exclusion of farmers in more marginalised areas from the benefits of the initiative. There are two parts in the study. The first provides the theoretical framework on GIs and other certification schemes run in Latin American countries involved in Global Value Chains. The second part is a case study on cheese-dairy Value Chains in Nicaragua and a GI initiative for a Nicaraguan cheese, Queso Chontaleño (QC), embedded in an International Value Chain. The findings of the research constitute a warning to policy makers dealing with GIs in Latin American countries: when traditional Value Chains tend to be isolated and lacking independent governance mechanisms, GIs, like other types of certification, can become factors of increased marginalization, unless they are supported by adequate rural policies and legislation as well as a concerted transfer of knowledge. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. INCENTIVES TO FAIR TRADE CERTIFICATION: THE CASE OF ORANGE PRODUCTION IN THE STATE OF PARANÁ, BRAZIL.
- Author
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Schiavi Bánkuti, Sandra Mara, Istvan Bánkuti, Ferenc, and Machado Bouroullec, Melise Dantas
- Subjects
UNFAIR competition ,ORANGE industry - Abstract
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- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Smallholders do not Eat Certificates
- Author
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Pieter Glasbergen, ICIS, and RS: FSE ICIS
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,Agricultural commodity ,FARMERS WELFARE ,AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION ,IMPACT ,050204 development studies ,Context (language use) ,Certification ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Coffee ,SUSTAINABLE PALM OIL ,INDONESIA ,Empirical research ,0502 economics and business ,Palm oil ,Agricultural productivity ,Marketing ,commodities ,Value chain ,FAIR TRADE CERTIFICATION ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,ComputingMilieux_THECOMPUTINGPROFESSION ,Sustainability standards ,05 social sciences ,Sustainability certification ,COFFEE CERTIFICATION ,MULTI-STAKEHOLDER GOVERNANCE ,Sustainability ,GLOBAL VALUE CHAINS ,Business ,Sustainable production of agricultural ,STANDARDS - Abstract
Voluntary standards and certification schemes aim to play an important role in the creation of a more sustainable production of agricultural commodities in the South. In this paper, we contend that most studies on the sustainability of these certifications take the objectives of voluntary standard-setting and certifying arrangements as the reference point, thereby implicitly accepting a problem definition that is not necessarily aligned with the needs, interests and preferences of the smallholder producers in a developing context. Based on the results of a four years research project on coffee and palm oil smallholders and certifications in Indonesia, this paper questions the transformative capacity of the standards and certifications regarding a more sustainable agricultural production. This capacity is located at the interface of the global demands, which are channeled down from the top of the value chain, and the local context where local producers take their decisions. Based on the empirical research it is argued that voluntary standards and certifications pave the way for a more sustainable agricultural production, but are not necessarily the right way forward to a more systemic change.
- Published
- 2018
8. Impact of different livelihood strategies on welfare of smallholder farmers : case studies from India, Kenya and Tanzania
- Author
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Khatri Karki, Sabina
- Subjects
dietary diversity ,Smallholders ,coffee ,Kaffee ,India ,Kleinbauern ,Ernährungsvielfalt ,fair trade certification ,Tanzania ,Ernährungssicherheit ,Dewey Decimal Classification::300 | Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie::330 | Wirtschaft ,Fair Trade-Zertifizierung ,ddc:330 ,production diversity ,African Indigenous vegetable farmers ,Indien ,Lebensmittelstandards ,Bauern für indigenes afrikanisches Gemüse ,Kenia ,Tansania ,technical efficiency ,food security ,food standards ,Kenya ,Produktionsvielfalt ,technische Effizienz - Abstract
In Entwicklungsländern spielt der Agrarsektor eine wichtige Rolle für die nationale Wirtschaft und Ernährungssicherheit, für die Produktion heimischer Güter, für den Handel und die Beschäftigung. Kleinbäuerliche Landwirtschaft dominiert den Sektor und stellt den Großteil der landwirtschaftlichen Erzeugnisse her. Diese Kleinbauern sind konfrontiert mit verschiedenen Herausforderungen wie geringer Produktivität, volatilen Marktpreisen, Unterernährung, Nahrungsunsicherheit und Armut. Deshalb können Innovationen, die sich auf Produktivitätssteigerung beziehen oder in Richtung alternative Märkte wirken oder die Produktion diversifizieren, u.a., den Kleinbauern helfen sich mit den genannten Herausforderungen auseinanderzusetzen. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist das übergeordnete Ziel dieser Thesis die Rolle verschiedener Strategien zur Existenzsicherung in Bezug auf die Wohlfahrt (Einkommen und Ernährungssicherheit) von Bauern in Indien, Kenia und Tansania zu verstehen. Genauer gesagt, sind die Ziele folgende: a) die Entscheidung der Bauern zur Teilnahme an „Fair Trade“-Zertifizierung zu analysieren und den Einfluss der Teilnahme auf Wohlfahrt in Form von Einkommen der Kleinproduzenten in Indien, b) die Verknüpfung von Standards mit der heimischen Nahrungsmittelwertschöpfungskette in Subsahara-Afrika mit dem Fallbeispiel Kenia zu beschreiben, c) die Determinanten der technischen Effizienz zu identifizieren und ihren Einfluss auf verschiedene Dimensionen der Ernährungssicherheit in Kenia zu analysieren, d) die Beziehung zwischen Produktions- und Ernährungsvielfalt in ländlichen und stadtnahen Gebieten Kenias zu bewerten, und e) die Beziehung zwischen Produktions- und Nahrungsvielfalt zu vergleichen mithilfe von Fallstudien aus Kenia und Tansania. Die Fallstudien basieren auf in 2014 erhobenen Querschnittsdaten aus Kenia und Tansania und Paneldaten aus Indien, erhoben in 2010 und 2011. Kapitel 2 und 3 beziehen sich auf „Fair Trade“-Zertifizierung und Nahrungsmittelstandards in Indien und Kenia. In Kapitel 2 wird die Entscheidung der Produzenten, an der Zertifizierung für fair gehandelten Kaffee teilzunehmen, und der Einkommenseffekt durch die Teilnahme an dieser analysiert. Auf Basis der Paneldaten und unter Verwendung der „Endogenous Switching“- bzw. der quantilen Regressionsmethoden bestätigen die Ergebnisse einen positiven Effekt von Fairer-Handel-Zertifizierung auf das Einkommen der Bauern vor allem im unteren Einkommensquantil. Kapitel 3 beschreibt basierend auf Literaturrecherche die Rolle von Standards in der heimischen Nahrungsmittelwertschöpfungskette in Subsahara-Afrika mit dem Fallbeispiel Kenia. Es befindet, dass der Fokus privater Standards hauptsächlich auf dem heimischen Markt liegt, obwohl sowohl private als auch staatliche Standards in der untersuchten Region eingeführt wurden. Privatstandards sind insbesondere im Gemüsesektor durch die Supermärkte verbreitet und beziehen sich meist auf Qualitätsattribute des Produktes. Der Einfluss technischer Effizienz auf die Dimensionen der Ernährungssicherheit (Verfügbarkeit, Zugang, Verwertung und Stabilität) der auf indigenes afrikanisches Gemüse spezialisierten Bauern wird in Kapitel 4 mithilfe eines „Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier model“ und „propensity score matching“ untersucht. Die Ergebnisse weisen auf eine hohe Streuung technischer Effizienz unter den Produzenten des indigenen afrikanischen Gemüses hin. Durch eine bessere Nutzung verfügbarer Ressourcen bei gegebenem Technologiestand, könnte die technische Effizienz der Produzenten gesteigert werden. Eine höhere technische Effizienz bedeutet einen höheren Ernährungsstatus, wie die positiven Effekte der technischen Effizienz auf die Dimensionen der Ernährungssicherheit Verfügbarkeit, Zugang und Verwertung zeigen. Kapitel 5 und 6 beziehen sich auf die Rolle der Produktionsvielfalt auf die Ernährungsvielfalt der Kleinbauern. Die Assoziation zwischen Produktions- und Ernährungsvielfalt wird in Kapitel 5 mithilfe verschiedener Marktkontexte, wie den ländlichen und den stadtnahen Gebieten Kenias, bewertet. Während ländliche Haushalte eine größere Produktionsvielfalt als stadtnahe Haushalte aufweisen, ist ihre Ernährungsvielfalt jedoch geringer im Vergleich zu stadtnahen Haushalten. Die Ergebnisse der Poisson- und der negativen binomialen Regression deuten auf eine positive Verbindung zwischen Produktions- und Ernährungsvielfalt im ländlichen Kontext. Resultate des „continuous treatment”-Ansatzes lassen erkennen, dass ein höheres Level der Produktionsvielfalt mit einem höheren Level der Ernährungsvielfalt assoziiert ist. Kapitel 6 ist ein vergleichendes Papier über die Assoziation zwischen Produktions- und Ernährungsvielfalt zwischen Kenia und Tansania. Die deskriptive Analyse zeigt signifikante Unterschiede in Bezug auf die Produktions- und Ernährungsvielfalt zwischen den Ländern auf. Kenianische Bauern stehen für eine höhere Produktions- sowie Ernährungsvielfalt als tansanische Bauern. In beiden Ländern zeigt sich eine positive und signifikante Verbindung zwischen Produktions- und Ernährungsvielfalt. Dieser Einfluss ist in beiden Ländern jedoch signifikanter in Regionen mit geringerem Marktzugang. Über die Produktionsvielfalt hinaus spielen die Märkte also auch eine wichtige Rolle zur Unterstützung der Ernährungsvielfalt der Haushalte.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Do Fair Trade Labels Bias Consumers' Perceptions of Food Products? A Comparison between a Central Location Test and Home-Use Test.
- Author
-
Schouteten, Joachim J., Gellynck, Xavier, Slabbinck, Hendrik, and Bazzani, Claudia
- Abstract
Consumers are paying more and more attention to ethical and social criteria during grocery shopping. As a result, Fair Trade products which are certified to address global supply chain issues (e.g., forced labor, working conditions, fair pay), are gaining popularity. However, it is unclear to which extent Fair Trade labels might influence how consumers perceive such labelled food products. The aim of this research was to examine the potential effect of Fair Trade labels on several measurements (overall liking, sensory profiling, emotions, willingness-to-pay and kCal estimations). Furthermore, tests were carried out at a sensory lab and at home to examine if the evaluation context might impact the label effect. In total, 179 consumers participated in this study of which 90 carried out the test in the sensory test facilities (central location test—CLT) and 89 at home (home-use-test—HUT). Participants evaluated three pairs of food products (nuts, juice and chocolate) of which one was labelled as conventional and the other one as Fair Trade. However, participants were each time evaluating the same Fair Trade product. Results showed that the Fair Trade label increased the overall liking. For the juice and chocolate, a higher willingness-to-pay was found when the product was labelled as 'Fair Trade' while no effect of the label was established for the nuts. The Fair Trade label did not affect the kcal estimation of the samples. The Fair Trade label had a rather limited influence on the sensory and emotional profiling of the food products. Furthermore, the results of the CLT and HUT were highly similar indicating that the evaluation context has little impact on the labelling effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Do private sustainability standards contribute to income growth and poverty alleviation? A comparison of different coffee certification schemes in Ethiopia
- Author
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Fikadu Mitiku, Yann de Mey, Miet Maertens, and Jan Nyssen
- Subjects
IMPACT ,050204 development studies ,Geography, Planning and Development ,lcsh:TJ807-830 ,WASS ,Certification ,Agricultural economics ,poverty impact ,Economics ,DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES ,FAIR TRADE CERTIFICATION ,Coffee certification ,FAIRTRADE COFFEE ,lcsh:Environmental sciences ,media_common ,lcsh:GE1-350 ,Public economics ,lcsh:Environmental effects of industries and plants ,05 social sciences ,Organic coffee ,private standards ,sustainability standards ,global value chains ,coffee certification ,Ethiopia ,PROPENSITY SCORE ,Global value chains ,050202 agricultural economics & policy ,Poverty impact ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Bedrijfseconomie ,lcsh:Renewable energy sources ,Developing country ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,NORTHERN NICARAGUA ,Business Economics ,0502 economics and business ,Private standards ,FOOD STANDARDS ,COOPERATIVES ,Poverty ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Sustainability standards ,ORGANIC COFFEE ,Environmental studies ,lcsh:TD194-195 ,Earth and Environmental Sciences ,Sustainability ,Survey data collection ,RURAL LIVELIHOODS ,Welfare - Abstract
Private sustainability standards are increasingly important in food trade with developing countries, but the implications for smallholder farmers are still poorly understood. We analyze the implications of different coffee certification schemes in Ethiopia using cross-sectional survey data, and regression and propensity-score-matching techniques. We find that: Rainforest Alliance (RA) and double Fairtrade-Organic (FT-Org) certifications are associated with higher incomes and reduced poverty, mainly because of higher prices; Fairtrade (FT) certification hardly affects welfare; and Organic (Org) certification reduces incomes, chiefly due to lower yields. Cooperative heterogeneity importantly shapes these results. Results imply that private standards may not always deliver what they promise to consumers.
- Published
- 2017
11. Fair Trade Certification Handbook : Small Producers’ Organizations of Fresh Fruit
- Author
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Ruiz Diaz, Clara Elisa Juanita Camila
- Subjects
agricultural management ,fair trade certification ,small producers’ organization ,Sustainable Development ,Colombia - Abstract
fair trade is a business model approach that pretends to enhance the access to progress opportunities for rural populations through an empowering framework that supports small producers’ organizations and encourages investment decisions that improve welfare and sustainable development in their own communities. The values and practices underlying fair-trading emphasize a greater sensitivity on the conditions of small growers. The model integrates good agricultural practices, environmental stewardship, organizational transparency, empowerment, participative democracy, economic incentives and technology transfer in an alternative trade framework with the specific purpose of improving the income of rural producers of agricultural goods in developing countries. The most distinctive mechanism fair trade models use to improve the income of these producers is the direct payment of a minimum sales price to the farmer, which is at least equal to the market price. In exchange for this price security, the farmer commits to environmentally sound and socially responsible production practices. The main objective of this document is to provide a model for a handbook for small producers and organizations in Colombia interested in fair trade certification schemes. The paper collects relevant information for producers and organizations starting from an introduction of the fair trade system and the different labeling alternatives available in the market. It also provides general information about the background of the rural population in Colombia, useful for other audiences like researchers, and project leaders. In addition to explaining how the world’s leading fair trade labeling organization works and the procedure to obtain a certificate from them, the paper suggests screening and organizational-fitness tests intended to help interested producers and organizations to identify the suitability of the system to their own needs and detect internal strengths and weaknesses in relation to the specific certification requirements. The core of the document is a detailed analysis and compilation of the relevant compliance criteria producers and organizations must meet in order to become certificate holders and retain the certificate successfully. The standards set by the labeling body chosen for this work are paired to the compliance requirements of the respective auditing organization, local legal demands and practical guidance for compliance. The analysis is based on fair trade certification case studies, literature review and interviews with fair trade certified producers and experienced certification consultants in Colombia. Relevant local legislation and further informative documents for applicants are included in the Annexes. Its productive and demographic structure makes of fair trade schemes a relevant model for Colombia, a net producer and exporter of agricultural products. Production and trade patterns in Colombia, in combination with relentless land ownership concentration and inequality call for the implementation of alternative strategies with the potential of improving income in the short term; and strengthening capacity building, enhancing negotiation power of small farmers’ organizations and developing their skills for agro-business management in the long term.
- Published
- 2012
12. Consumer and fair trade in Australia and France: from comprehension to adoption…
- Author
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Fair Trade International Symposium 2012 Liverpool, UK 2 - 4 April 2012, Sirieix, Lucie, Heaslip, John Matthew, Sharp, Anne, and Nenycz-Thiel, Magda
- Subjects
fair trade certification ,globally ethical labels ,consumer choice behaviour - Abstract
This paper examines the on-pack adoption and associated consumer comprehension of the Fairtrade certification in the context of Australia. In Australia, Fairtrade certification has seen rapid growth in its on-pack adoption on consumer goods. In 2010 sales of Fairtrade certified goods in Australia and New Zealand reached over $AU120 million. However, the region has been slower to adopt the Fairtrade label compared to countries in Europe such as France and the UK. The aim of this paper is to examine consumers’ developing knowledge structures and the claimed effect on purchase intentions of the Fairtrade certification in Australia and to compare and contrast these results against recent research findings from a study in France.
- Published
- 2012
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