Search

Peltier cells are commonly used in low-power cooling applications, such as automotive refrigerators and electronics temperature regulation systems. These applications are typically low-energy in nature. There is currently a growing emphasis on energy conservation and waste heat utilization in the energy industry. This paper explores the possibility of improving the heating or cooling coefficient of performance (COP) of Peltier cells through intelligent serial and parallel connections. The purpose of this work is to raise the question of whether it would be possible to reconsider the concept of harnessing the "energy" potential of Peltier cells. The utilized model is in line with the current state of the art, and the case study is based on parameters measured on a commercially available Peltier cell. The resulting COP, when considering current materials, remains inferior to the COP of compressor-based heat pumps. For low-power devices, it can represent a technically and economically comparable solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To enhance the resilience of power distribution networks against extreme natural disasters, this article introduces a robust fault recovery strategy for multi-source, flexible interconnected power distribution networks, particularly under scenarios of extreme disasters. Initially, the comprehensive risk of system failure due to ice load on distribution lines and poles is fully considered, and a model for the overall failure rate of lines is constructed. This model addresses the diverse failure scenarios triggered by various meteorological conditions. Through the use of information entropy, typical extreme disaster failure scenarios are identified, and lines with high failure rates underthese scenarios are determined. Subsequently, a box-type interval model is developed to represent the uncertainty in the output of distributed generation (DG), and on this basis, a robust fault recovery model for multi-source power distribution networks interconnected through soft open points (SOPs) is established, and use the Column and Constraint Generation (C&CG) algorithm to solve the problem. Finally, the fault recovery model and strategy proposed are validated through an illustrative example based on a modified IEEE 33-node interconnected system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 is likely to be the 2020s' deadliest pandemic according to the World Health Organization (WHO). There have been more than 3.7 million confirmed deaths after 15 months spread. Besides the loss of human lives, COVID-19 has other unfavorable impacts on society, education, and the economy. Due to successive lockdowns and the continuous quarantines, the demands on power resources have reduced. Therefore, there is a need to investigate the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on electricity prices (EP). In this paper, a set of six economic factors that are affected by COVID-19 and affect EP are considered. These factors were fed into a functional link artificial neural network (FLANN) to model the relationships between them and the EP. An empirical equation was formulated to help decision makers and strategic developers in the electricity markets come up with more appropriate plans. Italy, the Czech Republic, and China were used as case studies in this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Present-day electricity grids are equipped with sophisticated devices that allow to meet various grid code requirements. These include reactive and active power controls to ensure robust functioning of the grid. Robust operation of the electricity grid entails favourable voltage and frequency profile adjustments that can be achieved through reactive and active power controls. This study presents the synchronous condenser capability of providing voltage regulation and reactive power output, and the active power possibility path of a type-3 wind machine for dynamic state conditions and voltage stability issues. Simulations carried out in the MATLAB/Simulink environment prove the efficiency of the proposed methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A medium-voltage (MV) wind production system is proposed in this paper. The system applies a medium-voltage permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) as well as MV interconnection and distribution networks. The simulation scheme of an existing commercial electric-power system (Case A) and a proposed wind farm with a gearless PMSG insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) power electronics converter scheme (Case B) is compared. The analyses carried out in MATLAB/Simulink environment shows an enhanced voltage profile and reduced power losses, thus, efficiency in installed IGBT power electronics devices in the wind farm. The resulting wind energy transformation scheme is a simple and controllable medium voltage application since it is not restrained by the IGBT power electronics voltage source converter (VSC) arrangement. Active and reactive power control is made possible with the aid of the gearless PMSG IGBT power converters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electric vehicle (EV) technology has lately attained a considerable market share. For sustainability, reliability and efficiency of the electric-power distribution grid, this technology have need of the development and implementation of smart charging techniques. With the fast progress of Electric Vehicles (EVs), large-scale charging demand will tremendously affect existing electric-power distribution grid. Hence, the inevitability for a smart charging regime. This review article briefly talk about the various types of electric vehicles. It discusses the grid, smart grid and their relationship with the electric vehicle. A review case of emissions from EVs have been presented. It outlined some proven smart charging techniques by different authors utilizing diverse tools for the electric vehicle. Thereafter, based on the techniques outlined attempts were made to explain the influence of smart EV battery charging management on the distribution grid. From the foregoing, the authors reached the conclusion that the fair share of coal as electrical energy resource should be minimized in order to reduce carbon dioxide emission from EVs. Furthermore, the various electric vehicle smart charging techniques investigated reveal a promising future for smart charging integrated electric-power distribution grid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electric power sector in countries suffering from crises and wars such as Syria, Iraq, Yemen, Libya, etc., is among the most affected infrastructures. Since this sector plays a vital role in the economic growth and in improving people's quality of life, the post-crisis reconstruction of this sector must take into account the requirements and concepts of sustainable development (SD) in addition to technical and economic considerations. This article discusses the role that renewable energy sources (RES) can play in achieving SD in the post-crisis reconstruction phase of the Syrian Electric Power Sector (SEPS) as a case study. Based on the available data, the study period was chosen from 2005 to 2017 and divided into two periods. In the first period (2005–2010), which is the pre-crisis period, the structure of the SEPS and its main characteristics were described while the adoption of RES solutions and SD concepts were investigated. In the second period (2011–2017), the crisis period, the satiation of the SEPS and impact of the crisis were evaluated. The challenges that faced the adoption of SD concepts and RES solution were also addressed at this stage. Based on analysis and comparison of the available data, several scenarios were discussed to evaluate the role of RES in achieving SD in the post-crisis reconstruction phase of the SEPS. EnergyPLAN software was used for the techno and socio-economic evaluation of these scenarios. Our results emphasize the importance of the adoption of RES solutions in the reconstruction phase, as these can help promote SD concepts (reducing greenhouse gas emissions, protecting the environment, increasing energy efficiency, creating jobs, etc.) and securing the electric supply of the SEPS while enhancing its stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increased penetration of renewable energy sources in the electrical grid, due to the rapid increase of power demand and the need of diverse energy sources, has made distributed generation (DG) units an essential part of the modern electrical grid. The integration of many DG units in smart grids requires control and coordination between them, and the grid to maximize the benefits of the DG units. Smart grids and modern electronic devices require high standards of power quality, especially voltage quality. In this paper, a new methodology is presented to improve the voltage quality and power factor in smart grids. This method depends on using voltage variation and admittance values as inputs of a controller that controls the reactive power generation in all DG units. The results show that the controller is efficient in improving the voltage quality and power factor. Real data from an electrical network have been used in the simulation model in MATLAB Simulink to test the new approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Installing a synchronous condenser (SC) onto an electricity grid can assist in the areas of reactive power needs, short-circuit strength, and, consequently, system inertia and guarantees better dynamic voltage recovery. This paper summarizes the practical potential of the synchronous condenser coordinated in an electric-power network with participating wind plants to supply reactive power compensation and injection of active power at their point of common coupling; it provides a systematic assessment method for simulating and analyzing the anticipated effects of the synchronous condenser on a power network with participating wind plants. A 33-kV power line has been used as a case study. The results indicate that the effect of the adopted synchronous condenser solution model in the MATLAB/Simulink environment provides reactive power, enhances voltage stability, and minimizes power losses, while the wind power plants provide active power support with given practical grid rules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrical energy is one of the most important daily needs. Shortage of energy can be very dangerous for any society. This can affect the standard of living and quality of life of the people and even endanger the lives of those in hospitals, and so forth. Developed countries do not face such risks in general because they have well organized electrical systems and high energy security. The developing countries are faced daily with electric system collapses, especially in the case of wars, where many parts of the electrical grid in the country can be damaged and fuel transmission lines for generators cut off. Urban areas in developing countries should have a strategic plan to deal with any unexpected occurrence of energy shortages using any available renewable energy sources. City of Latakia is located in the region which has been suffering from the consequences of war for more than six years. The fact that a high number of migrants from other cities have come to Latakia along with a lack of fuel makes the energy shortage in the city worse. An emergency system could use the cheapest available renewable energy sources in addition to few big portable generators to provide an acceptable energy supply for the most needed requirements of daily life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]