Search

Abstract Background In addition to the other uses for macroalgae, since the 1970s, there has been interest in using macroalgae as a source of biofuels, due to the high rates of productivity and intrinsic advantages over other biofuel crops such as not requiring land use or significant freshwater input. A wide range of conversion processes exist but anaerobic digestion was one of the first demonstrated and is still a widely proposed conversion pathway. To be economically viable and scalable within Europe, the industry will need to be based on a small number of fast growing, high-yielding European macroalgae species. There is a wide body of scientific work on the conversion of seaweeds to biofuel via anaerobic digestion. Main text These studies demonstrate that the efficiency of this conversion pathway is highly variable between species, processing techniques, composition and digestor conditions. In this paper, we review this body of work specifically linking it to candidate species for European macroalgae bio-energy cultivation with the aim to promote the future development of the European macroalgal cultivation sector and allow for a better alignment with the requirements for biofuel production from macroalgae. Conclusions Overall, anaerobic digestion of seaweed offers opportunities for large-scale energy production which avoids some of the issues that have faced previous generations of biofuels, but there are a number of key challenges to overcome to ensure wider adoption and economic viability. (1) Optimising the biomass production to ensure an economic and uniform feedstock with the composition optimised to increase desirable characteristics such as sugar content and the carbon and nitrogen ratio and to reduce inhibitory factors such as halogenated secondary metabolites, sulphur and heavy metals. (2) Improving conversion rates through co-digestion, pre-treatments and tailored microbial communities, using scalable and economically feasible technology. (3) Developing tailored microbial communities capable of utilising the diverse polysaccharides in seaweed feedstock and being tolerant of the saline conditions associated with them. Addressing these issues will deliver significant benefits towards the development of a bio-energy industry based on the anaerobic digestion of cultured seaweeds.

BackgroundThere is limited insight into the current disease burden and everyday clinical management of moderate-to- severe AD in Poland, Czechia, Russia, and Turkiye. Therefore, this study aimed to get information-driven insights regarding the current disease burden and clinical management of patients with moderate-to-severe AD with common and differentiating aspects of the patient journey and establish a consensus.MethodsIn this modified 2-round Delphi panel, 133 questions were asked in total to 27 dermatologists. A consensus was achieved when 70% of the panel members strongly agreed or agreed (or strongly disagreed or disagreed) with an item. Statements with

IntroductionThe role of upadacitinib in the management of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis seems promising, but more data on its efficacy and safety are needed. This study endeavors to assess the practical impact and safety of upadacitinib in patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis. The study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of upadacitinib in the treatment of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis, focusing on analyzing patient responses to the treatment.MethodsIn this study, adult patients diagnosed with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis received upadacitinib at daily doses of 15 mg or 30 mg, as prescribed by their attending physicians. The therapeutic efficacy of upadacitinib was meticulously assessed using established clinical metrics. Simultaneously, a comprehensive safety assessment was conducted through monthly monitoring, including the evaluation of potential effects of upadacitinib intake on hepatic function, lipid profile, and hematopoiesis using the pertinent laboratory tests.ResultsSixteen participants were enrolled in the study. At 1month follow-up, there was a significant reduction in the mean Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) score to 18.8 points, which further increased to 24 points at the 4-month mark. Additionally, 9 participants (56%) demonstrated an EASI-50 response after 1 month of treatment, with this response increasing to 9 participants (90%) after 4 months. Furthermore, enhanced therapeutic responses were observed at 4 months, with 6 patients (38%) achieving an EASI-75 response at 1month and 8 patients (80%) achieving this milestone at the 4-month follow-up. This study highlights the potential of upadacitinib as an effective treatment option for moderate to severe atopic dermatitis. While it demonstrates improved symptom management, close monitoring for potential adverse events, particularly infections and the known risks of Janus kinase inhibitors, is essential. Further research is essential to determine the long-term safety and efficacy of upadacitinib.

There are several models for predicting remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) a year after bariatric surgery — DiaRem, ABSD, IMS, etc. However, these models cannot be used to predict the early normalization of glycemia (within a few months after surgery). These models also do not include the assessment of insulin resistance (IR).AIM. To assess the effect of insulin resistance on the development of remission of T2D after bariatric surgery.METHODS: The study included 42 patients with T2D and severe obesity, who underwent bariatric surgery. Baseline assessment included hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp test (with the determination of the M-index (mg/kg/min), and evaluation of HOMA-IR index. Glycemia normalization was determined by self-monitoring ( 1.876 mg/kg/min can be used to predict the glycemia normalization early after bariatric surgery.

Background: There are gaps in our understanding of the epidemiology of atopic dermatitis (AD) in adults. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and severity of AD in adults from countries/regions within Asia, Eurasia, Latin America, Middle East, and Russia. Methods: This international, web-based survey was performed in Argentina, Brazil, China, Colombia, Egypt, Hong Kong, Israel, Malaysia, Mexico, Russia, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, and United Arab Emirates. Questionnaires were sent to adult members of online respondent panels for determination of AD and assessment of severity. A diagnosis of AD required respondents to meet the modified United Kingdom (UK) Working Party criteria and to self-report they had a physician diagnosis of AD. Severity of AD was determined using Patient-Oriented Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis (PO-SCORAD), Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM), and Patient Global Assessment (PGA). Results: Among respondents by country/region the prevalence of AD ranged from 3.4% in Israel to 33.7% in Thailand. The prevalence was generally higher in females versus males. Severity varied by scale, although regardless of scale the proportion of respondents with mild and moderate disease was higher than severe disease. PGA consistently resulted in the lowest proportion of severe AD (range 2.4% China – 10.8% Turkey) relative to PO-SCORAD (range 13.4% China – 41.6% KSA) and POEM (range 5.1% China – 16.6% Israel). Conclusions: This survey highlights the importance of AD in adults, with high prevalence and high morbidity among respondents and emphasizes that AD is not just a disease of childhood—there is disease persistence and chronicity in adults.

A dense concentration of old-growth forest and a wet, cold climate promote mineral weathering and leaching in coastal temperate rainforest soils. Our objective was to assess soil development and soil organic carbon (SOC) distribution across 18 soil profiles in remote, upland terrain of southeast Alaska where pedon data are sparse. We made soil morphological observations, collected samples, and completed laboratory analyses to measure SOC content, pH, and particle size distribution. The survey of upland backslope soils included north- and south-facing hillslopes derived from three lithologies (slate, metavolcanic, and phyllite). The soils across all sites were very gravelly (51.8 ± 20.4% coarse fragments), acidic (mineral soil pH 4.85 ± 0.45), and moderately deep (96.56 ± 37.80 cm); thin, broken E horizons were underlain by thick, carbon-rich spodic horizons. Soil development was relatively consistent as demonstrated by the Profile Development Index with values from 15 to 26 and Podzolization Index values spanning 8 to 14. A mean pedon SOC stock of 198.02 ± 81.42 Mg C ha−1 (n = 18) was calculated using data collected for all upland organic and mineral soils from our work. The accumulation of SOC was similar among soils formed from contrasting lithologies with averages of 182 ± 15.70 Mg C ha−1 for slate, 188 ± 53.80 Mg C ha−1 for metavolcanic, and 218 ± 124 Mg C ha−1 for phyllite. Our work contributes to soil morphological observations, laboratory data, and SOC stock estimates required to better constrain and model pedogenic processes and SOC stock in remote forests where data sets are limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantifying soil redistribution rates, including both erosion and deposition, is critical for understanding erosion processes, landscape evolution, land management strategies, and the carbon cycle. In the Northeast Pacific coastal temperate rainforest, the interaction of perhumid climate and dense coniferous forest tends to form Spodosols which are soils characterized by a subsurface accumulation of organic matter and iron and aluminum oxides, across a range of contrasting lithologies. Deep Spodosols are frequently found on steep backslopes (up to 60%) of colluvial deposits, where shallower soils would typically be expected. We hypothesized that deep Spodosols in Southeast Alaska indicate slope stability, exhibiting negligible soil redistribution rates and stable surfaces regardless of the lithology. Our objective was to quantify soil redistribution rates for Spodosols formed on steep slopes across a range of lithologies in hilly and mountainous areas of Juneau, AK. We used 239+240Pu isotopes to quantify soil erosion and deposition rates in Spodosols formed on colluvial deposits from tonalite, slate, metavolcanic rock, and phyllite. 239+240Pu measurements revealed negligible soil redistribution rates for all studied pedons, ranging from erosion rates of 0.51 t/ha/year to deposition rates up to 0.43 t/ha/year. No difference was detected between the hill and mountain landforms, further supporting the idea that Spodosols could indicate slope stability over decadal timescales across the region. Understanding the resilience of Spodosols to erosion processes in varied lithologies and landforms on steep slopes is paramount for making informed decisions regarding sustainable land use, landslide risk mitigation, and effective carbon sequestration strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To assess the effect of the combined treatment method including preoperative denosumab therapy on the results of treatment of patients with giant cell tumors of the spine. Material and Methods. A single-center retrospective-prospective study of a series of clinical cases included 15 patients with giant cell tumors of vertebrae. The average follow-up period was 56 months. A total of 11 patients received denosumab therapy according to the following scheme: 120 mg subcutaneously on the 1st, 8th, 15th and 28th days of the first month and then once every 28 days. Surgical options included marginal resection, segmental resection, or en-bloc resection with or without spinal reconstruction/stabilization. In the case of locally advanced and inoperable disease, long-term therapy with denosumab was carried out until the disease progressed or seri- ous adverse events appeared. Results. Thoracic vertebrae were involved in 7 (46.6 %) of 15 cases, lumbar in 4 (26.7 %) and cervical in 4 (26.7 %). Local recurrence rate after surgery alone was 40 % (2/5), average time to recurrence onset was 4.5 months. No relapses were observed after combined treatment performed in four patients. Disease progression during long-term denosumab therapy for inoperable disease recurrence was not recorded (0/7). The average number of denosumab injections before surgery and during long-term therapy was 15 and 24 injections, respectively. Denosumab therapy allows reducing the duration of surgery and the volume of blood loss. Conclusion. Combined therapy of giant cell vertebral tumor allows to reduce the risk of recurrence of the disease, as well as to reduce surgery duration and blood loss. Long-term continuous therapy for inoperable cases allows achieving long-term stabilization of the effect. Due to the rarity of giant cell tumors of the spine, a further prospective recruitment of patients is required to study the efficacy and safety of combined therapies.

Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) of the pancreas is an extremely rare tumor, associated with favorable prognosis and long-term survival in patients with advanced disease. However, limited data exist on systemic therapy for such patients. Herein, we present a case of a young woman with a history of SPN, who progressed after multiple surgical resections and chemotherapy regimens. The immunohistochemistry (IHC) showed overexpression of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) in tumor tissue. The patient started to receive tamoxifen and showed a durable response to endocrine therapy.

PARP inhibitors have recently emerged as a maintenance treatment option for metastatic pancreatic cancer patients with germline BRCA mutations. However, the possibility of PARP-inhibitor use as a standalone-targeted therapy for patients with various homologous repair pathway alterations remains mostly undetermined. Here we report a clinical case of a 56-year-old woman with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma harboring a somatic PALB2 mutation. Following disease progression after 10 cycles of FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy and two cycles of second-line gemcitabine, she was switched to talazoparib and achieved a complete clinical response after 25 months of treatment. The patient remains alive without clinical or radiological signs of disease progression three years after the start of talazoparib with no targeted therapy-related toxicities. This case highlights the role of broad molecular profiling as a window of opportunity to achieve a durable response for selected pancreatic cancer patients while pinpointing our gaps in understanding the whole picture of management of these patients since a new puzzle element represented by PARP inhibitors was introduced to clinical practice.

Abstract Background This observational, retrospective effort across Europe, US, Australia, and Asia aimed to assess the activity of systemic therapies in EHE, an ultra‐rare sarcoma, marked by WWTR1‐CAMTA1 or YAP1‐TFE3 fusions. Methods Twenty sarcoma reference centres contributed data. Patients with advanced EHE diagnosed from 2000 onwards and treated with systemic therapies, were selected. Local pathologic review and molecular confirmation were required. Radiological response was retrospectively assessed by local investigators according to RECIST. Progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated by Kaplan‐Meier method. Results Overall, 73 patients were included; 21 had more than one treatment. Thirty‐three patients received anthracyclines regimens, achieving 1 (3%) partial response (PR), 25 (76%) stable disease (SD), 7 (21%) progressive disease (PD). The median (m‐) PFS and m‐OS were 5.5 and 14.3 months respectively. Eleven patients received paclitaxel, achieving 1 (9%) PR, 6 (55%) SD, 4 (36%) PD. The m‐PFS and m‐OS were 2.9 and 18.6 months, respectively. Twelve patients received pazopanib, achieving 3 (25%) SD, 9 (75%) PD. The m‐PFS and m‐OS were.2.9 and 8.5 months, respectively. Fifteen patients received INF‐α 2b, achieving 1 (7%) PR, 11 (73%) SD, 3 (20%) PD. The m‐PFS and m‐OS were 8.9 months and 64.3, respectively. Among 27 patients treated with other regimens, 1 PR (ifosfamide) and 9 SD (5 gemcitabine +docetaxel, 2 oral cyclophosphamide, 2 others) were reported. Conclusion Systemic therapies available for advanced sarcomas have limited activity in EHE. The identification of new active compounds, especially for rapidly progressive cases, is acutely needed.

Ewing sarcoma is a primitive neuroectodermal tumor which seldom presents with primary disease in people over age 40 and outside of the appendicular or axial skeleton. We examine a case of primary thoracic Ewing Sarcoma diagnosed initially by CT-guided biopsy in a woman at the age of 74 years. The disease progressed after initial combined modality therapy consisting of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgical resection, and adjuvant radiation therapy and two additional courses of multiagent chemotherapy. After relapse of her disease, subsequent second- and third-line systemic agents which included chemotherapy and targeted agents were given with disease stabilization achieved now over 30 months from initial diagnosis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a primary pulmonary Ewing sarcoma diagnosed in a patient greater than 70 years of age in whom multiple remissions have been achieved with tolerable toxicities.

Amidst the backdrop of contemporary conflicts and hostilities unfolding across various regions globally, the landscape of higher education is confronted with a myriad of novel challenges and prospects. War initiates the need for rapid and effective innovations in education to ensure access to learning in times of crisis. The objective of this article is to assess and scrutinize the application of modern technologies in higher education amid periods of conflict, focusing specifically on their influence on educational accessibility and quality within nations grappling with wartime circumstances. To achieve this goal, an analysis of scientific literature and publications was conducted. The conducted research revealed that the utilization of modern technologies in higher education during the war contributes to increasing the availability and quality of education. These technologies make it possible to provide distance learning using remote forms of communication and learning. The conclusions show, that the utilization of modern technologies in education is a key factor in ensuring continuous learning during war and conflict. These technologies allow efficient use of resources and provide a high-quality educational environment for students in difficult conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: IgE cross‐sensitization to major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 and pathogenesis‐related (PR10) plant food allergens is responsible for the pollen‐food allergy syndrome. Methods: We designed a recombinant protein, AB‐PreS, consisting of non‐allergenic peptides derived from the IgE‐binding sites of Bet v 1 and the cross‐reactive apple allergen, Mal d 1, fused to the PreS domain of HBV surface protein as immunological carrier. AB‐PreS was expressed in E. coli and purified by chromatography. The allergenic and inflammatory activity of AB‐PreS was tested using basophils and PBMCs from birch pollen allergic patients. The ability of antibodies induced by immunization of rabbits with AB‐PreS and birch pollen extract‐based vaccines to inhibit allergic patients IgE binding to Bet v 1 and Mal d 1 was assessed by ELISA. Results: IgE‐binding experiments and basophil activation test revealed the hypoallergenic nature of AB‐PreS. AB‐PreS induced lower T‐cell activation and inflammatory cytokine production in cultured PBMCs from allergic patients. IgG antibodies induced by five injections with AB‐PreS inhibited allergic patients' IgE binding to Bet v 1 and Mal d 1 better than did IgG induced by up to 30 injections of six licensed birch pollen allergen extract‐based vaccines. Additionally, immunization with AB‐PreS induced HBV‐specific antibodies potentially protecting from infection with HBV. Conclusion: The recombinant AB‐PreS‐based vaccine is hypoallergenic and superior over currently registered allergen extract‐based vaccines regarding the induction of blocking antibodies to Bet v 1 and Mal d 1 in animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is aimed at developing recommendations to improve the customs clearance of non-alcoholic products of domestic enterprises in the conditions of European integration. Factors of influence on customs clearance of non-alcoholic products have been analyzed, the main problems of customs clearance of non-alcoholic products of domestic enterprises have been identified and characterized. The relevance of improving customs clearance of non-alcoholic products of enterprises that actively carry out their foreign economic activities in the European Union is substantiated. Also the efficiency of the customs authorities’ activities concerning the entities of foreign economic activity in various sectors of the economy of Ukraine for 2015-2018 is analyzed; the main stages of customs clearance of non-alcoholic products of domestic enterprises are formed; the market for non-alcoholic products of Ukraine is analyzed; the main benefits of domestic enterprises acquiring the status of an authorized economic operator are characterized. The need for use by the foreign economic actors of the Framework Standards for The Simplification of Customs Procedures under the World Customs Organization is substantiated. Recommendations have been developed to improve the customs clearance of non-alcoholic products of domestic enterprises in the conditions of European integration by applying the recommended technology of registration of declarations by the type of «EA».

Plant adaptive strategies have been shaped during evolutionary development in the constant interaction with a plethora of environmental factors, including the presence of metals/metalloids in the environment. Among adaptive reactions against either the excess of trace elements or toxic doses of non-essential elements, their complexation with molecular endogenous ligands, including phenolics, has received increasing attention. Currently, the complexation of phenolics with metal(loid)s is a topic of intensive studies in different scientific fields. In spite of the numerous studies on their chelating capacity, the systemic analysis of phenolics as plant ligands has not been performed yet. Such a systematizing can be performed based on the modern approach of metallomics as an integral biometal science, which in turn has been differentiated into subgroups according to the nature of the bioligands. In this regard, the present review summarizes phenolics–metal(loid)s’ interactions using the metallomic approach. Experimental results on the chelating activity of representative compounds from different phenolic subgroups in vitro and in vivo are systematized. General properties of phenolic ligands and specific properties of anthocyanins are revealed. The novel concept of metallophenolomics is proposed, as a ligand-oriented subgroup of metallomics, which is an integrated approach to study phenolics–metal(loid)s’ complexations. The research subjects of metallophenolomics are outlined according to the methodology of metallomic studies, including mission-oriented biometal sciences (environmental sciences, food sciences and nutrition, medicine, cosmetology, coloration technologies, chemical sciences, material sciences, solar cell sciences). Metallophenolomics opens new prospects to unite multidisciplinary investigations of phenolic–metal(loid) interactions.

It was found that the modification of commercial activated carbon grades F400 and AS-CS with ferric oxide obtained from alumina production waste "red mud" allows increasing the sorption capacity of activated carbon grade F400 to 60.241 mg/g (2 times). At the same time, the maximum sorption capacity of activated carbon AS-CS increases almost 7 times. The content of Fe2O3 fixed in the structure of activated carbon reaches 9.14%. It has been established that the modification forms an additional number of phenolic groups on the surface of the material, which contributes to an increase in the anion exchange capacity of the sorption material by 2.55 times. The sorption material is effective for removing phosphorus compounds from water at the level of 88.1% and can be recommended for use in the treatment of industrial water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More than 30% of the world population suffers from allergy. Allergic individuals are characterized by the production of immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies against innocuous environmental allergens. Upon allergen recognition IgE mediates allergen-specific immediate and late-phase allergic inflammation in different organs. The identification of the disease-causing allergens by demonstrating the presence of allergen-specific IgE is the key to precision medicine in allergy because it allows tailoring different forms of prevention and treatment according to the sensitization profiles of individual allergic patients. More than 30 years ago molecular cloning started to accelerate the identification of the disease-causing allergen molecules and enabled their production as recombinant molecules. Based on recombinant allergen molecules, molecular allergy diagnosis was introduced into clinical practice and allowed dissecting the molecular sensitization profiles of allergic patients. In 2002 it was demonstrated that microarray technology allows assembling large numbers of allergen molecules on chips for the rapid serological testing of IgE sensitizations with small volumes of serum. Since then microarrayed allergens have revolutionized research and diagnosis in allergy, but several unmet needs remain. Here we show that detection of IgE- and IgG-reactivity to a panel of respiratory allergens microarrayed onto silicon elements is more sensitive than glass-based chips. We discuss the advantages of silicon-based allergen microarrays and how this technology will allow addressing hitherto unmet needs in microarray-based allergy diagnosis. Importantly, it described how the assembly of silicon microarray elements may create different microarray formats for suiting different diagnostic applications such as quick testing of single patients, medium scale testing and fully automated large scale testing.

Obesity is a high-risk factor for such comorbidities as cardiovascular disease, several types of cancer, and type 2 diabetes; however not all individuals with obesity have such complications. Approximately 20% of individuals with obesity are metabolically healthy. This study focused on differences between obese individuals with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D+ and T2D–, respectively) on the transcriptome level. Subjects included were 35 T2D– patients with obesity and 35 T2D+ patients with obesity with the same body mass index (BMI). The study was based on the transcription analysis of mRNA and microRNAs (miRs) by RNAseq. In the first step, we performed RNAseq of miRs, in the second step, we analyzed only those mRNA, which appeared targets for significant miRs from the first step. All RNAseq results were validated by qPCR. There were seven miRs differently expressed with adjusted p-value

Economic efficiency and commercial expediency of using the indirect coal liquefaction technology by the Fischer – Tropsch method are researched. The structure of investments for construction of a synthetic liquid fuels plant, as well as the structure of its self-cost, is analyzed. Based on the built econometric dependence, technical and investment characteristics of plants for indirect liquefaction of coal by the Fischer – Tropsch method have been calculated.

Background: The nature of epitopes on Bet v 1 recognized by natural IgG antibodies of birch pollen allergic patients and birch pollen‐exposed but non‐sensitized subjects has not been studied in detail. Objective: To investigate IgE and IgG recognition of Bet v 1 and to study the effects of natural Bet v 1‐specific IgG antibodies on IgE recognition of Bet v 1 and Bet v 1‐induced basophil activation. Methods: Sera from birch pollen allergic patients (BPA, n = 76), allergic patients without birch pollen allergy (NBPA, n = 40) and non‐allergic individuals (NA, n = 48) were tested for IgE, IgG as well as IgG1 and IgG4 reactivity to folded recombinant Bet v 1, two unfolded recombinant Bet v 1 fragments comprising the N‐terminal (F1) and C‐terminal half of Bet v 1 (F2) and unfolded peptides spanning the corresponding sequences of Bet v 1 and the apple allergen Mal d 1 by ELISA or micro‐array analysis. The ability of Bet v 1‐specific serum antibodies from non‐allergic subjects to inhibit allergic patients IgE or IgG binding to rBet v 1 or to unfolded Bet v 1‐derivatives was assessed by competition ELISAs. Furthermore, the ability of serum antibodies from allergic and non‐allergic subjects to modulate Bet v 1‐induced basophil activation was investigated using rat basophilic leukaemia cells expressing the human FcεRI which had been loaded with IgE from BPA patients. Results: IgE antibodies from BPA patients react almost exclusively with conformational epitopes whereas IgG, IgG1 and IgG4 antibodies from BPA, NBPA and NA subjects recognize mainly unfolded and sequential epitopes. IgG competition studies show that IgG specific for unfolded/sequential Bet v 1 epitopes is not inhibited by folded Bet v 1 and hence the latter seem to represent cryptic epitopes. IgG reactivity to Bet v 1 peptides did not correlate with IgG reactivity to the corresponding Mal d 1 peptides and therefore does not seem to be a result of primary sensitization to PR10 allergen‐containing food. Natural Bet v 1‐specific IgG antibodies inhibited IgE binding to Bet v 1 only poorly and could even enhance Bet v 1‐specific basophil activation. Conclusion: IgE and IgG antibodies from BPA patients and birch pollen‐exposed non‐sensitized subjects recognize different epitopes. These findings explain why natural allergen‐specific IgG do not protect against allergic symptoms and suggest that allergen‐specific IgE and IgG have different clonal origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis of the data of the domestic and foreign literature regarding the dynamics of narcotization among children and adolescents is carried out. It has been established that at present the growth rates of the use of psychoactive substances by minors far outstrip those of the adult population. It is also determined that in most cases "adult" drug addiction is formed in a teenage environment and therefore adolescents are a group of high-risk narcotization. Besides, new types of additions are constantly added: non-opioid analgetics, antidepressants, pharmacy products based on medicinal plants with stimulating or sedative properties, new means of perfumery and household chemicals, volatile organic compounds, etc. In this regard, in the clinical picture of drug intoxication, new variations of affective, psycho-organic and psychosomatic effects and complications are noted. In recent years, synthetic cannabinoids has rapidly gained "popularity" among young people that are successfully promoted by marketers. They are the part of the so-called designer drugs, appearing in the markets in the form of bath salts, flavors, fertilizers for indoor plants and "smoking mixtures" - spices. The publications of domestic and foreign authors give a lot of evidence of the ability of these substances not only to cause a state of intoxication, alienation, relaxation, but also leads to dependence on them with severe consequences for the psyche and all organism as a whole. Thus, the powerful anthropogenic damaging effect of designer drugs demonstrates concrete signals of a threat to health, demography and the economy of the society as a result of their use by the population.

The analysis of the data of the domestic and foreign literature regarding the dynamics of narcotization among children and adolescents is carried out. It has been established that at present the growth rates of the use of psychoactive substances by minors far outstrip those of the adult population. It is also determined that in most cases "adult" drug addiction is formed in a teenage environment and therefore adolescents are a group of high-risk narcotization. Besides, new types of additions are constantly added: non-opioid analgetics, antidepressants, pharmacy products based on medicinal plants with stimulating or sedative properties, new means of perfumery and household chemicals, volatile organic compounds, etc. In this regard, in the clinical picture of drug intoxication, new variations of affective, psycho-organic and psychosomatic effects and complications are noted. In recent years, synthetic cannabinoids has rapidly gained "popularity" among young people that are successfully promoted by marketers. They are the part of the so-called designer drugs, appearing in the markets in the form of bath salts, flavors, fertilizers for indoor plants and "smoking mixtures" - spices. The publications of domestic and foreign authors give a lot of evidence of the ability of these substances not only to cause a state of intoxication, alienation, relaxation, but also leads to dependence on them with severe consequences for the psyche and all organism as a whole. Thus, the powerful anthropogenic damaging effect of designer drugs demonstrates concrete signals of a threat to health, demography and the economy of the society as a result of their use by the population.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the mutual influence of pain syndrome and borderline psychiatric disorders depending on its intensity and tolerability in patients with coxarthrosis who need endoprosthetics. 76 patients with coxarthrosis aged from 25 to 68 who were hospitalized in the Department of Endoprosthetics at Mechnikov Regional Clinical Hospital in Dnipro City in the period from November 2015 to September 2016 were observed. For diagnosis of psychopathological disorders, and for evaluation of the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions, the following methods were used in our research: clinical and psychopathological (technique SCL-90-R), Tаylor anxiety scale, study of the type of attitude to the disease (LOBI), Dembo-Rubinstein self-esteem scale, Leonhard-Schmieschek questionnaire for assessment of accentuation of personality traits, the Luscher 8-colour test and the Toronto alexithymia scale (TAS). Severity of pain syndrome was assessed using a visual analogue scale of pain (VAS). Forms of borderline mental disorders were diagnosed in 51 patients with coxarthrosis, such as depressive disorder (F 32) – 19 (24.8%), neurasthenia (F 48) – 12 (16.2), anxiety and phobic disorders (F 40–41) – 14 (18.1%), and personality disorders (F 60.5, F 60.6, F 60.7) – 6 (7.6%). In 25 (33.3%) patients clinically-defined forms of mental disorders were identified. Leading syndromes in these disorders were depression – 19 (24.8%) patients, anxiety and phobic – 15 (20.0%), asthenic – 10 (12.4%), hypochondriacal – 7 (9.5%) patients. According to the results of the correlation analysis, a close correlation between the severity of pain syndrome and borderline mental disorders (r = 0.779) was established for patients in the preoperative stage. The average level of pain syndrome on the VAS scale in patients with borderline mental disorders was twice as high as in patients without these disorders (63.4 vs. 32.4 points), but it does not depend on the main psychopathological syndrome. The average level of pain on the VAS scale in patients with borderline mental disorders at the preoperative stage was twice as high as in patients without these disorders (63.4 vs 32.4 points), and after surgical intervention the level decreased only by 5.9 points or 9.3%. In patients with coxarthrosis with detected borderline mental disorders (51 people) the therapy had a complex character and was conducted both at the hospital stage for one month, and in the outpatient stage as "maintenance" therapy for 3 months or more. Therapy of the neurotic state with decompensation lasted on average 6 months. Treatment included psycho-educational and therapeutic arrangements (conversations, lectures, autotraining) and psychopharmatherapy (tranquilizers, antidepressants, antipsychotics in small and medium therapeutic doses). The conducting of simultaneous corrective measures for identified borderline mental disorders in patients of the main groups contributed to a significant reduction in the severity of pain within the six-month period of observation and moved them towards the level of the patients in the control group. Borderline mental disorders that take place in patients with chronic somatic diseases, which include, in particular, coxarthrosis, significantly amplify the severity of the condition, reduce the possibility of adaptation, and thus aggravate the course and the outcome of the main disease.

In article the program and target method in management of economy, its essence, the purposes, the principles, tasks is considered. The content of categories the investment program, the budgetary program, the target program is defined. The purpose, conditions and order of development of the state target programs are considered. Shortcomings of modern practice of development and deployment of target programs of Ukraine are investigated. The directions of increase of efficiency of distribution and use of the budgetary resources in the country are considered. The standard legislative base on development of target programs, on their control and an efficiency assessment is analysed. The positive moments and shortcomings of the domestic legislation of this sphere are defined. Theoretical development of scientists concerning indicators and criteria of productivity of the state target programs is analysed. General-theoretical methods of an assessment of efficiency of programs are allocated. Need of development of a technique of ranging of target programs on priority of their financing from the state budget, and also improvement of process of formation of the list of priority programs is proved.В статье рассмотрен программно-целевой метод в управлении экономикой, его сущность, цели, принципы, решаемые задачи. Определено содержание категорий инвестиционная программа, бюджетная программа, целевая программа. Рассмотрены цель, условия и порядок разработки государственных целевых программ. Исследованы недостатки современной практики разработки и внедрения целевых программ в Украине. Рассмотрены направления повышения эффективности распределения и использования бюджетных ресурсов в стране. Проанализирована нормативно-законодательная база по разработке целевых программ, их контролю и оценке эффективности, а также определены позитивные моменты и недостатки отечественного законодательства в этой сфере. Проанализированы теоретические разработки ученых относительно показателей и критериев результативности государственных целевых программ. Выделены общетеоретические методы оценки эффективности программ. Доказана необходимость разработки методики ранжирования целевых программ по приоритетности их финансирования из государственного бюджета и совершенствования процесса формирования перечня приоритетных программ.

In article the program and target method, as one of the most effective methods of implementation of expenses of budgets around the world is considered. Information on implementation of the state target programs in Ukraine is analysed. Considerable excess of number of the accepted target programs of financial opportunities of the state and regions is revealed. Need of development of a technique of ranging of target programs on priority of their financing from the state budget is proved. Criteria of such ranging are offered and methodical recommendations about ranging of target programs about priority of their financing from the state budget which can be used in practical work of legislative and executive bodies of the power when developing the draft of the budget the next fiscal year are developed.В статье рассмотрен программно-целевой метод, как один из наиболее действенных методов осуществления расходов бюджетов во всем мире. Проанализирована информация о реализации Государственных целевых программ в Украине и выявлено значительное превышение количества принятых целевых программ финансовых возможностей государства и регионов. Доказана необходимость разработки методики ранжирования целевых программ по приоритетности их финансирования из Государственного бюджета. Предложены критерии такого ранжирования и разработаны методические рекомендации по ранжированию целевых программ по приоритетности их финансирования из Государственного бюджета, которые могут быть использованы в практической работе законодательных и исполнительных органов власти при разработке проекта бюджета на следующий финансовый год.

The article considers trends in the labor market in the pre-crisis and crisis periods, are made predictions about the emergence of new jobs, vacancies, appointments and even professions in the postcrisis period, as well as, the processes of growth or decline in demand for certain specialists, depending on their level of qualification.