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2. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in women.

Author

Gray, M. P., Vogel, B., Mehran, R., Leopold, J. A., and Figtree, G. A.

Subjects
CARDIOVASCULAR diseases, PREVENTIVE medicine, SMALL for gestational age, MYOCARDIAL ischemia, CORONARY disease
Abstract

Ischemic heart disease is the primary cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in both men and women. Strategies targeting traditional modifiable risk factors are essential – including hypertension, smoking, dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus – particularly for atherosclerosis, but additionally for stroke, heart failure and some arrhythmias. However, challenges related to education, screening and equitable access to effective preventative therapies persist, and are particularly problematic for women around the globe and those from lower socioeconomic groups. The association of female-specific risk factors (e.g. premature menopause, gestational hypertension, small for gestational age births) with CVD provides a potential window for targeted prevention strategies. However, further evidence for specific effective screening and interventions is urgently required. In addition to population-level factors involved in increasing the risk of suffering a CVD event, efforts are leveraging the enormous potential of blood-based 'omics', improved imaging biomarkers and increasingly complex bioinformatic analytic approaches to strive toward more personalized early disease detection and personalized preventative therapies. These novel tactics may be particularly relevant for women in whom traditional risk factors perform poorly. Here we discuss established and emerging approaches for improving risk assessment, early disease detection and effective preventative strategies to reduce the mammoth burden of CVD in women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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7. National Survey of Rapid Access Chest Pain Clinics in Australia

Author

Cho, K., Kozor, R., Thiagalingam, A., Biasi, A., Lennox-Bradley, W., Mooney, J., Indraratna, P., Pitney, M., Chetty, R., Ihdayhid, A., Hamilton-Craig, C., French, J., Favretti, J., Thomas, A., Davies, A., Black, A., Zoumberis, C., Al-Fiadh, A., Lowe, H., Kwan, T., Leow, K., Scott, P., Kangaharan, N., Baumann, A., Spiro, J., Kalathil, S., Evans, G., Van, Gaal W., Filipopoulos, B., Chapman, N., Reid, C., Figtree, G., Hillis, G., Jennings, G., and Chow, C.

Published
2024
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16. Biofabrication of advancedin vitro3D models to study ischaemic and doxorubicin-induced myocardial damage

Author

Sharma, P, Liu Chung Ming, C, Wang, X, Bienvenu, LA, Beck, D, Figtree, G, Boyle, A, and Gentile, C

Subjects
Doxorubicin, Myocardium, Myocardial Infarction, Humans, 0903 Biomedical Engineering, 1004 Medical Biotechnology, 1099 Other Technology, Heart, Myocytes, Cardiac, RNA, Messenger, Cardiotoxicity
Abstract

Current preclinicalin vitroandin vivomodels of cardiac injury typical of myocardial infarction (MI, or heart attack) and drug induced cardiotoxicity mimic only a few aspects of these complex scenarios. This leads to a poor translation of findings from the bench to the bedside. In this study, we biofabricated for the first time advancedin vitromodels of MI and doxorubicin (DOX) induced injury by exposing cardiac spheroids (CSs) to pathophysiological changes in oxygen (O2) levels or DOX treatment. Then, contractile function and cell death was analyzed in CSs in control verses I/R and DOX CSs. For a deeper dig into cell death analysis, 3D rendering analyses and mRNA level changes of cardiac damage-related genes were compared in control verses I/R and DOX CSs. Overall,in vitroCSs recapitulated major features typical of thein vivoMI and drug induced cardiac damages, such as adapting intracellular alterations to O2concentration changes and incubation with cardiotoxic drug, mimicking the contraction frequency and fractional shortening and changes in mRNA expression levels for genes regulating sarcomere structure, calcium transport, cell cycle, cardiac remodelling and signal transduction. Taken together, our study supports the use of I/R and DOX CSs as advancedin vitromodels to study MI and DOX-induced cardiac damge by recapitulating their complexin vivoscenario.

Published
2022

22. Considerations for the Bioengineering of Advanced Cardiac In Vitro Models of Myocardial Infarction

Author

Sharma, P, Wang, X, Ming, CLC, Vettori, L, Figtree, G, Boyle, A, and Gentile, C

Subjects
Disease Models, Animal, Myocardium, Bioprinting, Myocardial Infarction, Animals, Humans, Bioengineering, Myocardial Reperfusion Injury, Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Abstract

Despite the latest advances in cardiovascular biology and medicine, myocardial infarction (MI) remains one of the major causes of deaths worldwide. While reperfusion of the myocardium is critical to limit the ischemic damage typical of a MI event, it causes detrimental morphological and functional changes known as "reperfusion injury." This complex scenario is poorly represented in currently available models of ischemia/reperfusion injury, leading to a poor translation of findings from the bench to the bedside. However, more recent bioengineered in vitro models of the human heart represent more clinically relevant tools to prevent and treat MI in patients. These include 3D cultures of cardiac cells, the use of patient-derived stem cells, and 3D bioprinting technology. This review aims at highlighting the major features typical of a heart attack while comparing current in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models. This information has the potential to further guide in developing novel advanced in vitro cardiac models of ischemia/reperfusion injury. It may pave the way for the generation of advanced pathophysiological cardiac models with the potential to develop personalized therapies.

Published
2021

37. Canagliflozin and heart failure in Type 2 diabetes mellitus: results from the CANVAS Program (Canagliflozin Cardiovascular Assessment Study)

Author

Rådholm, K, Figtree, G, Perkovic, V, Solomon, SD, Mahaffey, KW, De Zeeuw, D, Fulcher, G, Barrett, TD, Shaw, W, Desai, M, Matthews, DR, and Neal, B

Subjects
1117 Public Health And Health Services, Cardiovascular System & Hematology, type 2 diabetes mellitus, randomized trial, heart failure, SGLT2 inhibitor, 1103 Clinical Sciences, canagliflozin, 1102 Cardiovascular Medicine And Haematology
Abstract

BACKGROUND : Canagliflozin is a sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor that reduces the risk of cardiovascular events. We report the effects on heart failure and cardiovascular death overall, in those with and without a baseline history of heart failure, and in other participant subgroups. METHODS : The CANVAS Program (Canagliflozin Cardiovascular Assessment Study) enrolled 10 142 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus and high cardiovascular risk. Participants were randomly assigned to canagliflozin or placebo and followed for a mean of 188 weeks. The primary end point for these analyses was adjudicated cardiovascular death or hospitalized heart failure. RESULTS : Participants with a history of heart failure at baseline (14.4%) were more frequently women, white, and hypertensive and had a history of prior cardiovascular disease (all P0.130), except for a possibly reduced absolute rate of events attributable to osmotic diuresis among those with a prior history of heart failure (P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS : In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease, canagliflozin reduced the risk of cardiovascular death or hospitalized heart failure across a broad range of different patient subgroups. Benefits may be greater in those with a history of heart failure at baseline. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION : URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifiers: NCT01032629 and NCT01989754.

Published
2018

38. Versatile Fabrication Approach of Conductive Hydrogels via Copolymerization with Vinyl Monomers

Author

Jiang, L, Gentile, C, Lauto, A, Cui, C, Song, Y, Romeo, T, Silva, SM, Tang, O, Sharma, P, Figtree, G, Gooding, JJ, and Mawad, D

Subjects
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, 03 Chemical Sciences, 09 Engineering
Abstract

Functionalized poly(ethylene dioxythiophene) (f-PEDOT) was copolymerized with two vinyl monomers of different hydrophilicity, acrylic acid and hydroxyethyl methacrylate, to produce electroconductive hydrogels with a range of physical and electronic properties. These hydrogels not only possessed tailored physical properties, such as swelling ratios and mechanical properties, but also displayed electroactivity dependent on the chemical composition of the network. Raman spectroscopy indicated that the functional PEDOT in the hydrogels is in an oxidized form, most likely accounting for the good electrochemical response of the hydrogels observed in physiological buffer. In vitro cell studies showed that cardiac cells respond differently when seeded on hydrogel substrates with different compositions. This study presents a facile approach for the fabrication of electroconductive hydrogels with a range of properties, paving the way for scaffolds that can meet the requirements of different electroresponsive tissues.

Published
2017

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