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This study describes students' critical thinking skills in learning science on simple machines. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative. The subjects in this study were 34 students from one of the public junior high schools in Surabaya. The data collection method used is a test of critical thinking skills. The essay question sheet consists of five critical thinking skills indicators: interpretation, analysis, inference, evaluation, and explanation. The study's results showed that the average percentage of students' critical thinking skills indicators was 20%. The percentage results indicate that the critical thinking skills of one of the public junior high schools in Surabaya are classified as very poor with the standard reference assessment criteria.

This study aims to analyze the factors of the use of the kenjōgo 謙譲語 honorification used by the Prime Minister of Japan with the theory of tachiba 立場 by Yasuko Obana. The object of the study used was the Instagram status of two Japanese Prime Ministers. They had served, especially during the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, Shinzo Abe and Suga Yoshihide. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative, aimed at describing the circumstances that occur in the object of study. The covid 19 pandemic gives the Prime Minister in Japan a great responsibility to make policies that can ensure the safety of the people. Social media such as Instagram is one of the media in conveying policies by prioritizing appropriate language to show a role that matches his identity, namely as prime minister. The results showed that the delivery of policies towards covid-19 countermeasures through Instagram by the Prime Minister of Japan using keigo 敬語, especially kenjōgo 謙譲語 based on the identity of the role (yakuwari, 役割) by giving distance (kyori, 距離) as a sign of respect to the Instagram followers of the Prime Minister of Japan, namely the Japanese people and strengthening the arguments presented through Instagram status. Keywords : Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Jepang Japanese Education Journal kenjogo yakuwari japanese linguistic Japanese studies

This study is aimed at describing kiai’s leadership behaviours and identifying educational system organized by Pesantren Shuffah Hizbullah Al-Fatah in Cileungsi Bogor. This is a qualitative study with three techniques of data collection that are observation, interview, and document study. The results of the study show that revivalist kiai can be generally defined as a model of pesantren leadership which is not only to foster students’ personality, but also to form the cadres of new Islamic generation who have commitment to uphold Islamic values in daily life. The leadership conception of revivalist kiai is in line with the role model implemented by Rasulullah SAW during his leadership in Madinah. The existence of Pesantren Shuffah Hizbullah Al-Fatah is transformation of pesantren model which has been developed for centuries on Java Island. Educational model in Shuffah Hizbullah Al-Fatah is combination of formal, nonformal, and informal educational models that is community-based with mosque as the central. This pesantren has a special characteristic which is successful in involving various components of muslim communities to become the students.