40 results on '"Funnell-Harris, Deanna"'
Search Results
2. Deleterious mutations predicted in the sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Maturity (Ma) and Dwarf (Dw) genes from whole-genome resequencing
- Author
-
Grant, Nathan P., Toy, John J., Funnell-Harris, Deanna L., and Sattler, Scott E.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Association of dhurrin levels and post-flowering non-senescence with resistance to stalk rot pathogens in Sorghum bicolor
- Author
-
Funnell-Harris, Deanna L., Sattler, Scott E., O’Neill, Patrick M., Toy, John J., Bernhardson, Lois F., Kilts, Mark R., and Khasin, Maya
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Field Evaluation of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Lines that Overexpress Two Monolignol-Related Genes that Alter Cell Wall Composition
- Author
-
Tetreault, Hannah M., O’Neill, Pat, Toy, John, Gries, Tammy, Funnell-Harris, Deanna L., and Sattler, Scott E.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Pathogen and drought stress affect cell wall and phytohormone signaling to shape host responses in a sorghum COMT bmr12 mutant
- Author
-
Khasin, Maya, Bernhardson, Lois F., O’Neill, Patrick M., Palmer, Nathan A., Scully, Erin D., Sattler, Scott E., and Funnell-Harris, Deanna L.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Effects of fungicide chemical class, fungicide application timing, and environment on Fusarium head blight in winter wheat
- Author
-
Bolanos-Carriel, Carlos, Wegulo, Stephen N., Baenziger, P. Stephen, Funnell-Harris, Deanna, Hallen-Adams, Heather E., and Eskridge, Kent M.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Overexpression of ferulate 5-hydroxylase increases syringyl units in Sorghum bicolor
- Author
-
Tetreault, Hannah M., Gries, Tammy, Palmer, Nathan A., Funnell-Harris, Deanna L., Sato, Shirley, Ge, Zhengxiang, Sarath, Gautam, and Sattler, Scott E.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Registration of WGC002 spring wheat containing wild grass‐derived Fusarium head blight resistance gene Fhb7The2.
- Author
-
Cai, Xiwen, Danilova, Tatiana, Charif, Ahmed, Wang, Fang, Zhang, Wei, Zhang, Mingyi, Ren, Shuangfeng, Zhu, Xianwen, Zhong, Shaobin, Dykes, Linda, Fiedler, Jason, Xu, Steven, Frels, Katherine, Wegulo, Stephen, Boehm, Jeffrey, and Funnell‐Harris, Deanna
- Subjects
WHEAT breeding ,AGRICULTURE ,WINTER wheat ,GREENHOUSE plants ,WHEAT ,FUSARIUM ,POLYMERASE chain reaction ,WHEAT diseases & pests - Abstract
The USDA‐ARS and North Dakota State University Agricultural Experiment Station jointly released the Fusarium head blight (FHB)‐resistant spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm WGC002 (Reg. no. GP‐1089, PI 702949) in May 2023. WGC002 is a wheat‐Thinopyrum elongatum 7B‐7E translocation line, designated 7BS·7BL‐7EL, with the wheat chromosome 7BL terminal region replaced by the homoeologous counterpart of the Th. elongatum chromosome 7EL that contains the novel FHB resistance gene Fhb7The2. WGC002 was developed from the Chinese Spring (CS) wheat‐Th. elongatum disomic substitution line DS 7E(7B) using our genomics‐enabled chromosome engineering pipeline. The pedigree of WGC002 is DS 7E(7B)/2*CS ph1b mutant//DS 7E(7B). WGC002 has consistently exhibited resistance to FHB in inoculations of greenhouse grown plants. WGC002 does not contain the yellow flour pigment gene in the Fhb7The2 haplotype present on the terminal 7EL segment of the 7BS·7BL‐7EL translocation and has not exhibited any obvious linkage drag on the 7EL segment. Therefore, WGC002 is ready for immediate use in wheat breeding. One sequence‐tagged site (STS) and two polymerase chain reaction allelic competitive extension markers were developed specifically for Fhb7The2 and validated in different wheat genotypes. They are highly diagnostic for Fhb7The2 and extremely useful in marker‐assisted introgression of Fhb7The2 in wheat breeding. In summary, WGC002 is a new wild grass‐derived FHB‐resistant spring wheat germplasm with diagnostic DNA markers available to conduct marker‐assisted selection of Fhb7The2, that will enhance and diversify FHB resistance of wheat. Core Ideas: We developed an FHB‐resistant wheat germplasm, WGC002, which contains the wild grass‐derived resistance gene Fhb7The2.Fhb7The2 was incorporated into wheat through a 7B‐7E translocation by chromosome engineering. The chromosome 7E segment containing Fhb7The2 does not carry the gene for yellow flour pigment in WGC002.We developed the STS and PACE markers specific for Fhb7The2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Response of sorghum stalk pathogens to brown midrib plants and soluble phenolic extracts from near isogenic lines
- Author
-
Funnell-Harris, Deanna L., O’Neill, Patrick M., Sattler, Scott E., Gries, Tammy, Berhow, Mark A., and Pedersen, Jeffrey F.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Field damage of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) with reduced lignin levels by naturally occurring insect pests and pathogens
- Author
-
Dowd, Patrick F., Funnell-Harris, Deanna L., and Sattler, Scott E.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Response of sorghum lines carrying recently identified brown midrib (bmr) mutations to stalk rot pathogens and water deficit.
- Author
-
Funnell‐Harris, Deanna L., Sattler, Scott E., Toy, John J., O'Neill, Patrick M., and Bernhardson, Lois F.
- Subjects
- *
SORGHUM , *GENETIC mutation , *BIOMASS chemicals , *MACROPHOMINA phaseolina , *FLAVONOIDS , *CHARCOAL , *GRAIN yields , *GREEN infrastructure - Abstract
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is drought‐tolerant and has diverse germplasm for food, feed, forage and bioenergy. However, stalk diseases reduce quality and yield of biomass and grain, especially under drought. Previously, brown midrib (bmr) mutations in monolignol biosynthesis were shown to reduce lignin content and alter composition but were not more susceptible to stalk diseases than wild‐type lines. Recently characterized bmr mutations were shown to affect flavonoid biosynthesis (chalcone isomerase; bmr30‐1) or 1‐carbon metabolism (folylpolyglutamate synthase; bmr19‐1107, bmr19‐1168 and bmr19‐1937). Two other mutations, bmr29‐1 and bmr31‐1, have not yet been characterized. The six mutations were incorporated into elite genetic backgrounds (RTx430, BTx623 and BWheatland) to develop near‐isogenic lines containing each mutation. Using peduncle inoculations with Fusarium thapsinum and F. proliferatum (Fusarium stalk rot) and Macrophomina phaseolina (charcoal rot) under well‐watered conditions, most bmr lines were at least as resistant as the corresponding wild type, except for RTx430 bmr19‐1937 that had significantly longer mean lesion lengths when inoculated with M. phaseolina. Based on significantly reduced lesion lengths following inoculations with F. proliferatum and F. thapsinum, respectively, bmr29‐1 and bmr31‐1 lines were screened using basal stalk inoculations under well‐watered and water‐deficit conditions. The bmr lines were at least as resistant as the corresponding wild‐type lines. Wild‐type BTx623 was highly susceptible to M. phaseolina under water deficit, but near‐isogenic bmr29‐1 and bmr31‐1 lines had significantly shorter mean lesion lengths. Incorporation of these mutations can increase resistance to stalk pathogens in cultivar and hybrid development for feed, bioenergy and production of biomass‐based green chemicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Soil and root populations of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. associated with seedlings and field-grown plants are affected by sorghum genotype
- Author
-
Funnell-Harris, Deanna L., Pedersen, Jeffrey F., and Sattler, Scott E.
- Published
- 2010
13. A Nonsense Mutation in a Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase Gene Is Responsible for the Sorghum Brown Midrib6 Phenotype
- Author
-
Sattler, Scott E., Saathoff, Aaron J., Haas, Eric J., Palmer, Nathan A., Funnell-Harris, Deanna L., Sarath, Gautam, and Pedersen, Jeffrey F.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Effect of sorghum seedlings, and previous crop, on soil fluorescent Pseudomonas spp.
- Author
-
Funnell-Harris, Deanna L., Pedersen, Jeffrey F., and Marx, David B.
- Published
- 2008
15. Overexpression of SbMyb60 impacts phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and alters secondary cell wall composition in Sorghum bicolor
- Author
-
Scully, Erin D., Gries, Tammy, Sarath, Gautam, Palmer, Nathan A., Baird, Lisa, Serapiglia, Michelle J., Dien, Bruce S., Boateng, Akwasi A., Ge, Zhengxiang, Funnell-Harris, Deanna L., Twigg, Paul, Clemente, Thomas E., and Sattler, Scott E.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Characterization of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. associated with roots and soil of two sorghum genotypes
- Author
-
Funnell-Harris, Deanna L., Sattler, Scott E., and Pedersen, Jeffrey F.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Tri5 gene expression analysis during postharvest storage of wheat grain from field plots treated with a triazole and a strobilurin fungicide
- Author
-
Bolanos-Carriel, Carlos, Wegulo, Stephen N., Baenziger, P. Stephen, Eskridge, Kent M., Funnell-Harris, Deanna, McMaster, Nicole J., Schmale, David G. III, Hallen-Adams, Heather E., and School of Plant and Environmental Sciences
- Subjects
triazole ,Fusarium head blight ,wheat ,deoxynivalenol ,gene expression ,food and beverages ,trichodiene synthase ,strobilurin - Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) and the associated mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) negatively impact the wheat industry worldwide. In North America, FHB is mainly caused by Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto. The purpose of this study was to evaluate, under storage conditions, the expression of the DON biosynthetic gene trichodiene synthase (Tri5) of F. graminearum in grain of hard red winter wheat cultivars 'Overley' (FHB-susceptible) and 'Overland' (moderately resistant to FHB) from field plots treated or untreated with the triazole fungicide Prosaro and the strobilurin fungicide Headline. Infected grain was stored and periodically sampled to determine gene expression by qRT-PCR analysis. The F. graminearum housekeeping gene GAPDH was consistently detected, indicative of metabolically active fungi, and Tri5 detection was significantly higher in 'Overley' compared with 'Overland'. Tri5 gene expression and DON concentrations showed little to no correlation; consequently, Tri5 expression levels did not accurately predict DON concentrations. The strobilurin did not significantly reduce Tri5 gene expression compared with untreated wheat. In the triazole treatment, a significant reduction in the relative expression of Tri5 was detected after 120 days, as well as a downregulation of Tri5 from 60 to 120 days of storage in 'Overley'. In grain from strobilurin-treated plots of both cultivars, the expression of Tri5 increased from 0 to 30 days after tempering. Genetic expression of Tri5 that is necessary for the production of DON can increase during storage of high-moisture grain. Fusarium fungi can persist in wheat kernels for several months postharvest and may actively produce toxin during this period. U.S. Department of AgricultureUnited States Department of Agriculture (USDA); Secretariat of Higher Education, Science, Technology and Innovation of Ecuador; Nebraska Wheat Board; U.S. Wheat and Barley Scab InitiativeUnited States Department of Agriculture (USDA) [59-0790-7-080, 422288, 422533]; Hatch Multistate Research Capacity Funding Program [1006715] This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture; The Secretariat of Higher Education, Science, Technology and Innovation of Ecuador; Nebraska Wheat Board; U.S. Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative [59-0790-7-080; #422288; #422533]; Hatch Multistate Research Capacity Funding Program [1006715]. Public domain – authored by a U.S. government employee
- Published
- 2020
18. Improved Sugar Conversion and Ethanol Yield for Forage Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) Lines with Reduced Lignin Contents
- Author
-
Dien, Bruce S., Sarath, Gautam, Pedersen, Jeffrey F., Sattler, Scott E., Chen, Han, Funnell-Harris, Deanna L., Nichols, Nancy N., and Cotta, Michael A.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. The Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Brown Midrib 30 Gene Encodes a Chalcone Isomerase Required for Cell Wall Lignification.
- Author
-
Tetreault, Hannah M., Gries, Tammy, Liu, Sarah, Toy, John, Xin, Zhanguo, Vermerris, Wilfred, Ralph, John, Funnell-Harris, Deanna L., and Sattler, Scott E.
- Subjects
SORGHUM ,CHALCONE ,ISOMERASES ,ANTHOCYANINS ,LIGNIFICATION ,PETIOLES ,PHENYLPROPANOIDS - Abstract
In sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and other C
4 grasses, brown midrib (bmr) mutants have long been associated with plants impaired in their ability to synthesize lignin. The brown midrib 30 (Bmr30) gene, identified using a bulk segregant analysis and next-generation sequencing, was determined to encode a chalcone isomerase (CHI). Two independent mutations within this gene confirmed that loss of its function was responsible for the brown leaf midrib phenotype and reduced lignin concentration. Loss of the Bmr30 gene function, as shown by histochemical staining of leaf midrib and stalk sections, resulted in altered cell wall composition. In the bmr30 mutants, CHI activity was drastically reduced, and the accumulation of total flavonoids and total anthocyanins was impaired, which is consistent with its function in flavonoid biosynthesis. The level of the flavone lignin monomer tricin was reduced 20-fold in the stem relative to wild type, and to undetectable levels in the leaf tissue of the mutants. The bmr30 mutant, therefore, harbors a mutation in a phenylpropanoid biosynthetic gene that is key to the interconnection between flavonoids and monolignols, both of which are utilized for lignin synthesis in the grasses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Effects of field-applied fungicides, grain moisture, and time on deoxynivalenol during postharvest storage of winter wheat grain.
- Author
-
Bolanos-Carriel, Carlos, Wegulo, Stephen N., Hallen-Adams, Heather, Baenziger, P. Stephen, Eskridge, Kent M., Funnell-Harris, Deanna, McMaster, Niki, and Schmale III, David G.
- Subjects
WINTER grain ,GRAIN ,MOISTURE ,WINTER wheat ,HUMIDITY ,FUNGICIDES ,POSTHARVEST losses of crops ,GRAIN storage - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Plant Science is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Overexpression of the Sorghum bicolor SbCCoAOMT alters cell wall associated hydroxycinnamoyl groups.
- Author
-
Tetreault, Hannah M., Scully, Erin D., Gries, Tammy, Palmer, Nathan A., Funnell-Harris, Deanna L., Baird, Lisa, Seravalli, Javier, Dien, Bruce S., Sarath, Gautam, Clemente, Thomas E., and Sattler, Scott E.
- Subjects
SORGHUM ,CINNAMOYL compounds ,PLANT cell walls ,FEEDSTOCK ,BIOMASS energy - Abstract
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is a drought tolerant crop, which is being developed as a bioenergy feedstock. The monolignol biosynthesis pathway is a major focus for altering the abundance and composition of lignin. Caffeoyl coenzyme-A O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT) is an S-adenosyl methionine (SAM)-dependent O-methyltransferase that methylates caffeoyl-CoA to generate feruloyl-CoA, an intermediate required for the biosynthesis of both G- and S-lignin. SbCCoAOMT was overexpressed to assess the impact of increasing the amount of this enzyme on biomass composition. SbCCoAOMT overexpression increased both soluble and cell wall-bound (esterified) ferulic and sinapic acids, however lignin concentration and its composition (S/G ratio) remained unaffected. This increased deposition of hydroxycinnamic acids in these lines led to an increase in total energy content of the stover. In stalk and leaf midribs, the increased histochemical staining and autofluorescence in the cell walls of the SbCCoAOMT overexpression lines also indicate increased phenolic deposition within cell walls, which is consistent with the chemical analyses of soluble and wall-bound hydroxycinnamic acids. The growth and development of overexpression lines were similar to wild-type plants. Likewise, RNA-seq and metabolite profiling showed that global gene expression and metabolite levels in overexpression lines were also relatively similar to wild-type plants. Our results demonstrate that SbCCoAOMT overexpression significantly altered cell wall composition through increases in cell wall associated hydroxycinnamic acids without altering lignin concentration or affecting plant growth and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Overexpression of SbMyb60 in Sorghum bicolor impacts both primary and secondary metabolism.
- Author
-
Scully, Erin D., Gries, Tammy, Palmer, Nathan A., Sarath, Gautam, Funnell‐Harris, Deanna L., Baird, Lisa, Twigg, Paul, Seravalli, Javier, Clemente, Thomas E., and Sattler, Scott E.
- Subjects
GENETIC overexpression ,TRANSCRIPTION factors ,BIOSYNTHESIS ,SORGHUM ,SORGHUM genetics - Abstract
Few transcription factors have been identified in C
4 grasses that either positively or negatively regulate monolignol biosynthesis., Previously, the overexpression of SbMyb60 in sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor) has been shown to induce monolignol biosynthesis, which leads to elevated lignin deposition and altered cell wall composition. To determine how SbMyb60 overexpression impacts other metabolic pathways, RNA-Seq and metabolite profiling were performed on stalks and leaves., 35S::SbMyb60 was associated with the transcriptional activation of genes involved in aromatic amino acid, S-adenosyl methionine ( SAM) and folate biosynthetic pathways. The high coexpression values between SbMyb60 and genes assigned to these pathways indicate that SbMyb60 may directly induce their expression. In addition, 35S::SbMyb60 altered the expression of genes involved in nitrogen (N) assimilation and carbon (C) metabolism, which may redirect C and N towards monolignol biosynthesis. Genes linked to UDP-sugar biosynthesis and cellulose synthesis were also induced, which is consistent with the observed increase in cellulose deposition in the internodes of 35S::SbMyb60 plants. However, SbMyb60 showed low coexpression values with these genes and is not likely to be a direct regulator of cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis., These findings indicate that SbMyb60 can activate pathways beyond monolignol biosynthesis, including those that synthesize the substrates and cofactors required for lignin biosynthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Differences in Fusarium Species in brown midrib Sorghum and in Air Populations in Production Fields.
- Author
-
Funnell-Harris, Deanna L., Scully, Erin D., Sattler, Scott E., French, Roy C., O'Neill, Patrick M., and Pedersen, Jeffrey F.
- Subjects
- *
SORGHUM diseases & pests , *FUSARIUM diseases of plants , *SORGHUM farming - Abstract
Several Fusarium spp. cause sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) grain mold, resulting in deterioration and mycotoxin production in the field and during storage. Fungal isolates from the air (2005 to 2006) and from leaves and grain from wild-type and brown midrib (bmr)-6 and bmr!2 plants (2002 to 2003) were collected from two locations. Compared with the wild type, bmr plants have reduced lignin content, altered cell wall composition, and different levels of phenolic intermediates. Multilocus maximumlikelihood analysis identified two Fusarium thapsinum operational taxonomic units (OTU). One was identified at greater frequency in grain and leaves of bmr and wild-type plants but was infrequently detected in air. Nine F. graminearum OTU were identified: one was detected at low levels in grain and leaves while the rest were only detected in air. Wright's F statistic (Fst) indicated that Fusarium air populations differentiated between locations during crop anthesis but did not differ during vegetative growth, grain development, and maturity. FST also indicated that Fusarium populations from wild-type grain were differentiated from those in bmr6 or bmrl2 grain at one location but, at the second location, populations from wild-type and bmr6 grain were more similar. Thus, impairing monolignol biosynthesis substantially effected Fusarium populations but environment had a strong influence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Response of Sweet Sorghum Lines to Stalk Pathogens Fusarium thapsinum and Macrophomina phaseolina.
- Author
-
Funnell-Harris, Deanna L., O'Neill, Patrick M., Sattler, Scott E., and Yerka, Melinda K.
- Subjects
- *
SORGO , *BIOMASS energy , *BIOLOGICAL assay , *QUALITY , *FUNGI - Abstract
Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) has potential for bioenergy. It is adapted to a variety of U.S. locations and the extracted juice can be directly fennented into ethanol. However, little research on fungal stalk rots, diseases that pose serious constraints for yield and quality of juice and biomass, has been reported. A greenhouse bioassay was designed to assess charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina) and Fusarium stalk rot (Fusarium thapsinum) in plants at maturity, the developmental stage at which these diseases are manifested. Multiple plantings of a susceptible grain line. RTx430, were used as a control for variation in flowering times among sweet sorghum lines. Lesion length measurements in inoculated peduncles were used to quantify disease severity. Sweet sorghum lines 'Rio' and 'M81E' exhibited resistance to F. thapsinum and M. phaseolina, respectively; and, in contrast, 'Colman' sorghum exhibited susceptibility to both pathogens. Lesion development over time in Colman was monitored. These results will enhance molecular and biochemical analyses of responses to pathogens, and breeding stalk-rot-resistant sweet sorghum lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Characterization of novel Brown midrib 6 mutations affecting lignin biosynthesis in sorghum.
- Author
-
Scully, Erin D., Gries, Tammy, Funnell‐Harris, Deanna L., Xin, Zhanguo, Kovacs, Frank A., Vermerris, Wilfred, and Sattler, Scott E.
- Subjects
PLANT mutation ,CROP yields ,SORGHUM ,LIGNINS ,BIOSYNTHESIS ,LIGNOCELLULOSE ,PLANT biomass ,FORAGE plant quality - Abstract
The presence of lignin reduces the quality of lignocellulosic biomass for forage materials and feedstock for biofuels. In C4 grasses, the brown midrib phenotype has been linked to mutations to genes in the monolignol biosynthesis pathway. For example, the Bmr6 gene in sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor) has been previously shown to encode cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), which catalyzes the final step of the monolignol biosynthesis pathway. Mutations in this gene have been shown to reduce the abundance of lignin, enhance digestibility, and improve saccharification efficiencies and ethanol yields. Nine sorghum lines harboring five different bmr6 alleles were identified in an EMS-mutagenized TILLING population. DNA sequencing of Bmr6 revealed that the majority of the mutations impacted evolutionarily conserved amino acids while three-dimensional structural modeling predicted that all of these alleles interfered with the enzyme's ability to bind with its NADPH cofactor. All of the new alleles reduced in vitro CAD activity levels and enhanced glucose yields following saccharification. Further, many of these lines were associated with higher reductions in acid detergent lignin compared to lines harboring the previously characterized bmr6-ref allele. These bmr6 lines represent new breeding tools for manipulating biomass composition to enhance forage and feedstock quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Effect of waxy (Low Amylose) on Fungal Infection of Sorghum Grain.
- Author
-
Funnell-Harris, Deanna L., Sattler, Scott E., O'Neill, Patrick M., Eskridge, Kent M., and Pedersen, Jeffrey F.
- Subjects
- *
AMYLOSE , *MYCOSES , *SORGHUM research , *AMYLOPECTIN , *GRAIN research - Abstract
Loss of function mutations in waxy, encoding granule bound starch synthase (GBSS) that synthesizes amylose, results in starch granules containing mostly amylopectin. Low amylose grain with altered starch properties has increased usability for feed, food, and grain-based ethanol. In sorghum, two classes of waxy (wx) alleles had been characterized for absence or presence of GBSS: wxa (GBSS-) and wxb (GBSS+, with reduced activity). Field-grown grain of wild-type; waxy; GBSS-; and waxy, GBSS+ plant introduction accessions were screened for fungal infection. Overall, results showed that waxy grains were not more susceptible than wild-type. GBSS- and wild-type grain had similar infection levels. However, height was a factor with waxy, GBSS+ lines: short accessions (wxb allele) were more susceptible than tall accessions (undescribed allele). In greenhouse experiments, grain from accessions and near-isogenic wxa, wxb, and wildtype lines were inoculated with Altemaria sp., Fusarium thapsinum, and Curvularia sorghina to analyze germination and seedling fitness. As a group, waxy lines were not more susceptible to these pathogens than wildtype, supporting field evaluations. After C. sorghina and F. thapsinum inoculations most waxy and wild-type lines had reduced emergence, survival, and seedling weights. These results are valuable for developing waxy hybrids with resistance to grain-infecting fungi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Response of Fusarium thapsinum to Sorghum brown midrib Lines and to Phenolic Metabolites.
- Author
-
Funnell-Harris, Deanna L., Sattler, Scott E., and Pedersen, Jeffrey F.
- Subjects
- *
BIOMASS energy , *SORGHUM breeding , *SORGHUM diseases & pests , *FUSARIUM diseases of plants , *PHYTOALEXINS , *PLANT phenols - Abstract
Sorghum lines were bred for reduced lignin for cellulosic bioenergy uses, through the incorporation of brown midrib (bmr)6 or -12 into two backgrounds (RTx430 and Wheatland) as either single or double- mutant lines. When these lines were assessed for resistance to Fusarium thapsinum stalk rot, a cause of lodging, they were as re-sistant to F. thapsinum as the near-isogenic wild type. Peduncles of newly identified bmr lines from an ethyl-methanesulfonate-mutagen-ized population, inoculated with F. thapsinum, were as resistant as the wild-type line, BTx623. One bmr line (1107) had significantly smaller mean lesion lengths than BTx623, suggesting that a mutation is associated with reduced susceptibility. Growing F. thapsinum on medium with ferulic, vanillic, sinapic, syringic, and caffeic acids (phenolic compounds derived from the lignin pathway and elevated in different bmr lines) indicated that F. thapsinum was tolerant to these compounds. When eight other sorghum fungi were tested for response to the presence of these compounds, ferulic acid inhibited these fungi. Most of the phenolics inhibited F. verticillioides and F. proliferation. Accumulation of phenolic metabolites in bmr plants may inhibit growth of some sorghum pathogens, while other factors such as aromatic phytoalexins or salicylic acid may be involved in resistance to F. thapsinum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Modifying lignin to improve bioenergy feedstocks: strengthening the barrier against pathogens?
- Author
-
Sattler, Scott E. and Funnell-Harris, Deanna L.
- Subjects
PHYTOPATHOGENIC microorganisms ,LIGNINS ,BIOMASS energy ,FEEDSTOCK ,PLANT cell walls ,VASCULAR plants ,POLYSACCHARIDES - Abstract
Lignin is a ubiquitous polymer present in cell walls of all vascular plants, where it rigidifies and strengthens the cell wall structure through covalent cross-linkages to cell wall polysaccharides. The presence of lignin makes the cell wall recalcitrant to conversion into fermentable sugars for bioenergy uses.Therefore, reducing lignin content and modifying its linkages have become major targets for bioenergy feedstock development through either biotechnology or traditional plant breeding. In addition, lignin synthesis has long been implicated as an important plant defense mechanism against pathogens, because lignin synthesis is often induced at the site of pathogen attack. This article explores the impact of lignin modifications on the susceptibility of a range of plant species to their associated pathogens, and the implications for development of feedstocks for the second-generation biofuels industry. Surprisingly, there are some instances where plants modified in lignin synthesis may display increased resistance to associated pathogens, which is explored in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Isolation and characterization of the grain mold fungi Cochliobolus and Alternaria spp. from sorghum using semiselective media and DNA sequence analyses.
- Author
-
Funnell-Harris, Deanna L., Prom, Louis K., and Pedersen, Jeffrey F.
- Subjects
- *
SORGHUM , *COCHLIOBOLUS , *ALTERNARIA , *NUCLEOTIDE sequence , *PEPTONES - Abstract
Mold diseases, caused by fungal complexes including Alternaria, Cochliobolus, and Fusarium species, limit sorghum grain production. Media were tested by plating Fusarium thapsinum, Alternaria sp., and Curvularia lunata, individually and competitively. Dichloran chloramphenicol rose bengal (DRBC) and modified V8 juice (ModV8) agars, found to be useful, were compared with commonly used agar media, dichloran chloramphenicol peptone (DCPA) and pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB). Radial growth, starting with mycelia or single-conidia and hyphal tips, demonstrated an effect of media. For isolation of grain fungi, DRBC and ModV8 were similar or superior to DCPA and PCNB. When seedlings were inoculated with conidia of C. lunata, Alternaria sp., F. thapsinum, or mixtures, the percentage of root infection ranged from 28% to 77%. For mixed inoculations, shoot weights, lesion lengths, and percentage of root infections were similar to F. thapsinum inoculations; most colonies recovered from roots were F. thapsinum. For Alternaria grain isolates, 5 morphological types, including Alternaria alternata, were distinguished by colony morphologies and conidial dimensions. Sequence analysis using a portion of the endo-polygalacturonase gene was able to further distinguish isolates. Cochliobolus isolates were identified morphologically as C. lunata, Curvularia sorghina, and Bipolaris sorghicola. Multiple molecular genotypes were apparent from rRNA internal transcribed spacer region sequences from Cochliobolus grain isolates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Presence of Fusarium spp. in Air and Soil Associated with Sorghum Fields.
- Author
-
Funnell-Harris, Deanna L. and Pedersen, Jeffrey F.
- Subjects
- *
FUSARIUM , *SORGHUM , *BIOMASS energy , *FUNGAL spores , *GIBBERELLA fujikuroi , *PATHOGENIC fungi - Abstract
Sorghum grain, valuable for feed, food, and bioenergy, can be colonized by several Fusarium spp.; therefore, it was of interest to identify possible sources of conidia. Analysis of air and soil samples provided evidence for the presence of propagules from Fusariurn genotypes that may cause grain infections. Soil population estimates of members of the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex, that includes sorghum pathogens and other Fusariurn spp., suggested that adequate inoculum for systemic infections was present. Conidia in air samples within two sorghum fields were collected by passive trapping for 2 years. Subsampled Fusarium isolates indicated that numbers of G. fujikuroi increased from anthesis through maturity, which coincides with grain development stages vulnerable to Fusarium spp. Genotyping using translation elongation factor 1-α gene sequences revealed that spore trap isolates included members of G. fujikuroi that are sorghum pathogcns: Fusarium (hapsinuin, F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. andiyazi. Also detected were F. graminearum, F. subglutinans, and several F. incarnatum-F. equiseti species complex haplotypes that colonize sorghum asymptomatically. All commonly found grain colonizers were detected from air samples in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Alteration in Lignin Biosynthesis Restricts Growth of Fusarium spp. in Brown Midrib Sorghum.
- Author
-
Funnell-Harris, Deanna L., Pedersen, Jeffrey F., and Sattler, Scott E.
- Subjects
- *
LIGNINS , *BIOSYNTHESIS , *FUSARIUM , *PLANT diseases , *EPIDEMIOLOGY , *ECOLOGY - Abstract
To improve sorghum for bioenergy and forage uses, brown midrib (bmr)6 and -12 near-isogenic genotypes were developed in different sorghum backgrounds. The bmr6 and bmr12 grain had significantly reduced colonization by members of the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex compared with the wild type, as detected on two semiselective media. Fusarium spp. were identified using sequence analysis of a portion of the translation elongation factor (TEF) 1-α gene. The pathogens Fusarium thetpsinum, F. proliferatum, and F. verticillioides, G. fujikuroi members, were commonly recovered. Other frequently isolated Fusarium spp. likely colonize sorghum asymptomatically. The χ² analyses showed that the ratios of Fusarium spp. colonizing bmr12 grain were significantly different from the wild type, indicating that bmr12 affects colonization by Fusarium spp. One F. incarnatum-F. equiseti species complex (FIESC) genotype, commonly isolated from wild-type and bmr6 grain, was not detected in bmr12 grain. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that this FIESC genotype represents a previously unreported TEF haplotype. When peduncles of wild-type and near-isogenic bmr plants were inoculated with F. thapsinum, F. verticillioide, or Alternaria alternata, the resulting mean lesion lengths were significantly reduced relative to the wild type in one or both bmr mutants. This indicates that impairing lignin biosynthesis results in reduced colonization by Fusarium spp. and A. alternata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Brown midrib mutations and their importance to the utilization of maize, sorghum, and pearl millet lignocellulosic tissues
- Author
-
Sattler, Scott E., Funnell-Harris, Deanna L., and Pedersen, Jeffrey F.
- Subjects
- *
PLANT mutation , *SORGHUM , *PEARL millet , *CORN , *LIGNOCELLULOSE , *DEHYDROGENASES , *TRANSFERASES , *BIOMASS energy - Abstract
Abstract: Brown midrib mutants have been isolated in maize (Zea mays), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) arising by either spontaneous or chemical mutagenesis. The characteristic brown coloration of the leaf mid veins is associated with reduced lignin content and altered lignin composition, traits useful to improve forage digestibility for livestock. Brown midrib phenotype is correlated with two homologous loci in maize (bm1 and bm3) and sorghum (bmr6 and bmr12), which encode cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) and a caffeic O-methyl transferase (COMT). These enzymes are involved in the last two steps of monolignol biosynthesis. In maize, bm phenotype is associated with increased livestock digestibility, but at the cost of significantly reduced forage and grain yields. In sorghum, yield reductions were apparent in near isogenic lines, but were ameliorated through construction of hybrids that maintain reduced lignin content and increased digestibility. Near-isogenic sorghum brown midrib lines and hybrids are dispelling old beliefs that brown midrib mutants are significantly more susceptible to plant pathogen attack and to lodging than their non-brown midrib counterparts. Brown midrib mutants from new chemically mutagenized populations hold promise of identifying a non-redundant set of genes involved in lignification of grasses. In addition, early reports indicate brown midrib mutants significantly increase conversion rate in the lignocellulosic bioenergy process. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Inoculation strategies to assess biological interactions between Fusarium and Alternaria species infecting sorghum.
- Author
-
Funnell-Harris, Deanna L. and Pedersen, Jeffrey F.
- Subjects
- *
PLANT inoculation , *FUSARIUM , *ALTERNARIA , *SORGHUM research , *GENOTYPE-environment interaction , *BIOLOGICAL assay - Abstract
The article reports on a study of inoculation strategies to evaluate biological interactions and genotypes between Fusarium and Alternaria species which infect sorghum. It examined four inoculation bioassays namely wound-inoculation, spray inoculation, seed inoculation, and seedling inoculation. It founds out that the four bioassays can provide information about individual fungal isolates associated with sorghum or plant materials.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Phenylpropanoids Following Wounding and Infection of Sweet Sorghum Lines Differing in Responses to Stalk Pathogens.
- Author
-
Khasin, Maya, Bernhardson, Lois F., O'Neill, Patrick M., Palmer, Nathan A., Scully, Erin D., Sattler, Scott E., Sarath, Gautam, and Funnell-Harris, Deanna L.
- Subjects
- *
SORGO , *PHENYLPROPANOIDS , *WOUND infections , *SORGHUM , *SYRINGIC acid , *CAFFEIC acid - Abstract
Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) lines M81-E and Colman were previously shown to differ in responses to Fusarium thapsinum and Macrophomina phaseolina, stalk rot pathogens that can reduce the yields and quality of biomass and extracted sugars. Inoculated tissues were compared for transcriptomic, phenolic metabolite, and enzymatic activity during disease development 3 and 13 days after inoculation (DAI). At 13 DAI, M81-E had shorter mean lesion lengths than Colman when inoculated with either pathogen. Transcripts encoding monolignol biosynthetic and modification enzymes were associated with transcriptional wound (control) responses of both lines at 3 DAI. Monolignol biosynthetic genes were differentially coexpressed with transcriptional activator SbMyb76 in all Colman inoculations, but only following M. phaseolina inoculation in M81-E, suggesting that SbMyb76 is associated with lignin biosynthesis during pathogen responses. In control inoculations, defense-related genes were expressed at higher levels in M81 -E than Colman. Line, treatment, and timepoint differences observed in phenolic metabolite and enzyme activities did not account for observed differences in lesions. However, generalized additive models were able to relate metabolites, but not enzyme activities, to lesion length for quantitatively modeling disease progression: in M81 -E, but not Colman, sinapic acid levels positively predicted lesion length at 3 DAI when cell wall-bound syringic acid was low, soluble caffeic acid was high, and lactic acid was high, suggesting that sinapic acid may contribute to responses at 3 DAI. These results provide potential gene targets for development of sweet sorghum varieties with increased stalk rot resistance to ensure biomass and sugar quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Responses of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) constitutively expressing four different monolignol biosynthetic genes to Fusarium head blight caused by Fusarium graminearum .
- Author
-
Funnell-Harris DL, Sattler SE, Dill-Macky R, Wegulo SN, Duray ZT, O'Neill PM, Gries T, Masterson SD, Graybosch RA, and Mitchell RB
- Abstract
The Fusarium head blight (FHB) pathogen Fusarium graminearum produces the trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) and reduces wheat yield and grain quality. Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotype CB037 was transformed with constitutive expression (CE) constructs containing sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. (Moench)) genes encoding monolignol biosynthetic enzymes, caffeoyl-Coenzyme A (CoA) 3-O-methyltransferase (SbCCoAOMT), 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (Sb4CL), or coumaroyl shikimate 3-hydroxylase (SbC3'H), or monolignol pathway transcriptional activator, SbMyb60. Spring wheats were screened for Type I (resistance to initial infection, using spray inoculations) and Type II (resistance to spread within the spike, using single floret inoculations) resistances in the field (spray) and greenhouse (spray and single floret). Following field inoculations, disease index, percent Fusarium damaged kernels (FDK), and DON measurements of CE plants were similar to or greater than CB037. For greenhouse inoculations, the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) and FDK were determined. Following screens, focus was placed on two each, SbC3'H and SbCCoAOMT CE lines because of trends towards decreased AUDPC and FDK observed following single floret inoculations. These four lines were as susceptible as CB037 following spray inoculations. However, single floret inoculations showed that these CE lines had significantly reduced AUDPC (P<0.01) and FDK (P≤0.02) compared with CB037, indicating improved Type II resistance. None of these CE lines had increased acid detergent lignin, as compared with CB037, indicating that lignin concentration may not be a major factor in FHB resistance. The SbC3'H and SbCCoAOMT CE lines are valuable for investigating phenylpropanoid-based resistance to FHB.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Effects of Altering Three Steps of Monolignol Biosynthesis on Sorghum Responses to Stalk Pathogens and Water Deficit.
- Author
-
Funnell-Harris DL, Sattler SE, O'Neill PM, Gries T, Ge Z, and Nersesian N
- Subjects
- Edible Grain, Mutation, Sorghum genetics, Sorghum microbiology, Ascomycota
- Abstract
The drought-resilient crop sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) is grown worldwide for multiple uses, including forage or potential lignocellulosic bioenergy feedstock. A major impediment to biomass yield and quality are the pathogens Fusarium thapsinum and Macrophomina phaseolina , which cause Fusarium stalk rot and charcoal rot, respectively. These fungi are more virulent with abiotic stresses such as drought. Monolignol biosynthesis plays a critical role in plant defense. The genes Brown midrib ( Bmr ) 6 , Bmr12 , and Bmr2 encode the monolignol biosynthesis enzymes cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, caffeic acid O -methyltransferase, and 4-coumarate:CoA ligase, respectively. Plant stalks from lines overexpressing these genes and containing bmr mutations were screened for pathogen responses with controlled adequate or deficit watering. Additionally, near-isogenic bmr12 and wild-type lines in five backgrounds were screened for response to F. thapsinum with adequate and deficit watering. All mutant and overexpression lines were no more susceptible than corresponding wild-type under both watering conditions. The bmr2 and bmr12 lines, near-isogenic to wild-type, had significantly shorter mean lesion lengths (were more resistant) than RTx430 wild-type when inoculated with F. thapsinum under water deficit. Additionally, bmr2 plants grown under water deficit had significantly smaller mean lesions when inoculated with M. phaseolina than under adequate-water conditions. When well-watered, bmr12 in cultivar Wheatland and one of two Bmr2 overexpression lines in RTx430 had shorter mean lesion lengths than corresponding wild-type lines. This research demonstrates that modifying monolignol biosynthesis for increased usability may not impair plant defenses but can even enhance resistance to stalk pathogens under drought conditions., Competing Interests: The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Response of Sorghum Enhanced in Monolignol Biosynthesis to Stalk Rot Pathogens.
- Author
-
Funnell-Harris DL, Sattler SE, O'Neill PM, Gries T, Tetreault HM, and Clemente TE
- Subjects
- Genes, Plant genetics, Ascomycota physiology, Fusarium physiology, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Lignin biosynthesis, Lignin genetics, Sorghum genetics, Sorghum microbiology
- Abstract
To increase phenylpropanoid constituents and energy content in the versatile C
4 grass sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench), sorghum genes for proteins related to monolignol biosynthesis were overexpressed: SbMyb60 (transcriptional activator), SbPAL (phenylalanine ammonia lyase), SbCCoAOMT (caffeoyl coenzyme A [CoA] 3- O -methyltransferase), Bmr2 (4-coumarate:CoA ligase), and SbC3H (coumaroyl shikimate 3-hydroxylase). Overexpression lines were evaluated for responses to stalk pathogens under greenhouse and field conditions. Greenhouse-grown plants were inoculated with Fusarium thapsinum (Fusarium stalk rot) and Macrophomina phaseolina (charcoal rot), which cause yield-reducing diseases. F. thapsinum -inoculated overexpression plants had mean lesion lengths not significantly different than wild-type, except for significantly smaller lesions on two of three SbMyb60 and one of two SbCCoAOMT lines. M. phaseolina -inoculated overexpression lines had lesions not significantly different from wild-type except one SbPAL line (of two lines studied) with mean lesion lengths significantly larger. Field-grown SbMyb60 and SbCCoAOMT overexpression plants were inoculated with F. thapsinum . Mean lesions of SbMyb60 lines were similar to wild-type, but one SbCCoAOMT had larger lesions, whereas the other line was not significantly different than wild-type. Because overexpression of SbMyb60 , Bmr2 , or SbC3H may not render sorghum more susceptible to stalk rots, these lines may provide sources for development of sorghum with increased phenylpropanoid concentrations.- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Amylose-Free (" waxy ") Wheat Colonization by Fusarium spp. and Response to Fusarium Head Blight.
- Author
-
Funnell-Harris DL, Graybosch RA, O'Neill PM, Duray ZT, and Wegulo SN
- Subjects
- Amylose, Disease Resistance physiology, Plant Diseases microbiology, Fusarium enzymology, Fusarium physiology, Triticum microbiology
- Abstract
Hexaploid waxy wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) has null mutations in Wx genes and grain lacking amylose with increased digestibility and usability for specialty foods. The waxy cultivar Mattern is susceptible to Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum species complex, which produces the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON). In experiment 1, conducted during low natural FHB, grain from waxy breeding lines, Mattern, and wild-type breeding lines and cultivars were assessed for Fusarium infection and DON concentration. Nine Fusarium species and species complexes were detected from internally infected (disinfested) grain; F. graminearum infections were not different between waxy and wild-type. Surface- and internally infected grain (nondisinfested) had greater numbers of Fusarium isolates across waxy versus wild-type, but F. graminearum -like infections were similar; however, DON levels were higher in waxy . In experiment 2, conducted during a timely epidemic, disease severity, Fusarium -damaged kernels (FDK), and DON were assessed for waxy breeding lines, Mattern, and wild-type cultivars. Disease severity and FDK were not significantly different from wild-type, but DON was higher in waxy than wild-type lines. Across both experiments, waxy breeding lines, Plant Introductions 677876 and 677877, responded similarly to FHB as moderately resistant wild-type cultivar Overland, showing promise for breeding advanced waxy cultivars with reduced FHB susceptibility.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Characterization of novel Sorghum brown midrib mutants from an EMS-mutagenized population.
- Author
-
Sattler SE, Saballos A, Xin Z, Funnell-Harris DL, Vermerris W, and Pedersen JF
- Subjects
- Alleles, Ethyl Methanesulfonate, Genes, Plant, Lignin genetics, Lignin biosynthesis, Mutation, Sorghum genetics
- Abstract
Reducing lignin concentration in lignocellulosic biomass can increase forage digestibility for ruminant livestock and saccharification yields of biomass for bioenergy. In sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) and several other C4 grasses, brown midrib (bmr) mutants have been shown to reduce lignin concentration. Putative bmr mutants isolated from an EMS-mutagenized population were characterized and classified based on their leaf midrib phenotype and allelism tests with the previously described sorghum bmr mutants bmr2, bmr6, and bmr12. These tests resulted in the identification of additional alleles of bmr2, bmr6, and bmr12, and, in addition, six bmr mutants were identified that were not allelic to these previously described loci. Further allelism testing among these six bmr mutants showed that they represented four novel bmr loci. Based on this study, the number of bmr loci uncovered in sorghum has doubled. The impact of these lines on agronomic traits and lignocellulosic composition was assessed in a 2-yr field study. Overall, most of the identified bmr lines showed reduced lignin concentration of their biomass relative to wild-type (WT). Effects of the six new bmr mutants on enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulosic materials were determined, but the amount of glucose released from the stover was similar to WT in all cases. Like bmr2, bmr6, and bmr12, these mutants may affect monolignol biosynthesis and may be useful for bioenergy and forage improvement when stacked together or in combination with the three previously described bmr alleles., (Copyright © 2014 Sattler et al.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Efficacy of singular and stacked brown midrib 6 and 12 in the modification of lignocellulose and grain chemistry.
- Author
-
Sattler SE, Funnell-Harris DL, and Pedersen JF
- Subjects
- Edible Grain genetics, Plant Proteins genetics, Plant Proteins metabolism, Plants, Genetically Modified genetics, Sorghum genetics, Edible Grain chemistry, Lignin analysis, Plants, Genetically Modified chemistry, Sorghum chemistry
- Abstract
In sorghum, brown midrib (bmr) 6 and 12 impair the last two steps of monolignol synthesis. bmr genes were introduced into grain sorghum to improve the digestibility of lignocellulosic tissues for grazing or bioenergy uses following grain harvest. Near-isogenic grain sorghum hybrids (AWheatland x RTx430) were developed containing bmr6, bmr12, and the bmr6 bmr12 double mutant (stacked), and their impacts were assessed in a two-year field study. The bmr genes did not significantly impact grain or lignocellulosic tissue yield. Lignocellulosic tissue from bmr6, bmr12, and stacked hybrids had reduced lignin content and increased in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) compared to those of the wild type (WT). The lignin content of the stacked lignocellulosic tissue was further reduced compared to that of bmr6 or bmr12. Surprisingly, bmr12 modestly increased carbohydrates in lignocellulosic tissue, and bmr6 increased fiber and lignin content in grain. These data indicate that bmr6 and bmr12 have broader effects on plant composition than merely lignin content, which has promising implications for both livestock utilization and bioenergy conversion.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.