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É analisada a experiência desenvolvida com grupos de mães que freqüentam o Ambulatório de Pediatria do Instituto da Criança - Professor Pedro de Alcantara do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, orientando-as na higiene dentária infantil. A experiência demonstrou que, somente a partir de uma educação contínua às mães, haverá uma redução sensível do índice de cárie dentária na população brasileira.

Objectives: To evaluate the genotoxic risk to hairdressers exposed daily to chemical substances such as hair dyes, waving and straightening preparations and manicurists products by the Comet assay test (single-cell gel electrophoresis). Methods: The Comet assay was performed on blood samples from 69 female hairdressers (36.4 ± 10.7 years old) currently employed in 21 different beauty institutes in São Paulo, Brazil, and on 55 female control blood donors (32.6 ± 10.0 years old) from the São Paulo University Clinical Hospital blood bank. All the control subjects had occupations other than hairdresser. Comet assays were performed by evaluating 100 blood lymphocytes per individual and graded by visual score according to comet tail length. Results: The hairdressers showed a higher frequency of DNA damage revealed by Comet Score (159.8 ± 71) when compared to the control group (125.4 ± 64.1), and the difference was statistically significant by the Students t-test (P = 0.005). Multiple regression analysis showed that in addition to the hairdressers profession, tobacco use contributed to the higher frequency of cells with comets (P  Conclusions: The observed DNA damage could be associated with the hairdressers occupational environment, where different chemicals are chronically manipulated and inhaled. Considering that this profession in many countries, including Brazil, is not officially regulated, more attention should focus on these professionals not only by legislative bodies but also by multidisciplinary teams able to develop and implement risk prevention and control strategies for chemical, physical and biological agents to which hairdressers are exposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background There are occupational risks inherent to the activities of professional hairdressers, which are not frequently studied, and therefore not considered in the formulation of health policies for this group. Aims To verify the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMDs) in hairdressers through symptom reports, to characterize the most frequently affected anatomical parts and to identify and analyse risk factors of WRMDs in hairdressing. Methods A cross-sectional epidemiological study of 220 hairdressers from beauty parlours in São Paulo (Brazil) was carried out. Each hairdresser completed a self-administered questionnaire which included information on socio-demographic characteristics, working conditions and health-related musculoskeletal system complaints. Ergonomic analyses were also performed in six parlours. Results The prevalence of WRMDs was 71%. Risk factors were associated with psychosocial factors and factors related to discomfort and work fatigue such as lack of acknowledgement of work and uncomfortable posture at work [odds ratio (OR) = 3.54; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.51–8.30], not feeling comfortable with body/neck/shoulders while working (OR = 2.78; 95% CI 1.40–5.54) and having >15 years of professional activity (OR = 3.04; 95% CI 1.17–7.91). Conclusion Occupational risk factors associated with the development of WRMDs in hairdressers are related to biomechanical, organizational and psychosocial work factors. The high prevalence of WRMDs found highlights the importance of disseminating recommendations for prevention of symptoms with regards to the provision of suitable furniture, equipment and work tools, environmental conditions, size of workplace, work organization and psychosocial work factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]