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The paper features the results of a study of beads from 1st–5th century Tarasovo burial ground on the Middle Kama, studied in 1980–1997 by the expedition of the Udmurt State University under the supervision of R.D. Goldina. The beads were found in 644 (34.3 %) out of 1,880 burials excavated at the site. A collection of 19,552 beads was analysed by E.V. Goldina in terms of their morphological features, and then classified into 13 groups, 35 subgroups, and 175 types, and compiled in a catalogue. Seventeen chronological groups of the burials were distinguished by the authors based on the typological division the beads and analogies revealed to the beads and accompanying burial artefacts.

The article discusses Human herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), a life-long infection spread by oral contact, infects a majority of adults globally. Phylogeographic clustering of sampled diversity into European, pan-Eurasian, and African groups has suggested the virus codiverged with human migrations out of Africa, although a much younger origin has also been proposed.