Search

Ilhame Anwar,1 Aissatou Faye,1 Jessica Pereira Gonçalves,1 Laélia Briand Madrid,1 Gwenaëlle Maradan,2 Laurence Lalanne,3,4,* Marie Jauffret-Roustide,5– 7,* Marc Auriacombe,8– 10,* Perrine Roux1 1Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Marseille, France; 2ORS PACA, Observatoire régional de la santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur, Marseille, France; 3INSERM 1114, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, 67000, France; 4Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, 67000, France; 5CERMES3 (Inserm U988/UMR CNRS 8211/EHESS/Paris Descartes University), Paris, France; 6British Columbia Center on Substance Use, Vancouver, Canada; 7Baldy Center on Law and Social Policy, Buffalo University, New York, NY, USA; 8Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; 9Addiction Team (Laboratoire de psychiatrie)/SANPSY, CNRS USR 3413, Bordeaux, France; 10Pôle Addictologie, CH Charles Perrens and CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Ilhame Anwar, Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé et Traitement de l’Information Médicale (SESSTIM), Faculté des sciences médicales et paramédicales, 27 Bd Jean Moulin 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, Marseille, France, Email ilhame.anwar@inserm.frPurpose: Injection drug use is strongly associated with stigmatization by loved ones, healthcare providers, and society in general. This stigmatization can have negative consequences on the health of people who inject drugs (PWID) and limit their access to care. Women who inject drugs face greater stigma than men because of gendered social norms and the intersectional effect between gender and drug use identities. For this analysis, we aimed to study discrimination - which is closely linked to stigmatization - experienced by PWID, considering the intersectionality between drug use discrimination and gender discrimination in the French context.Methods: We used data from the COSINUS cohort study, conducted between June 2016 and May 2019 in four French cities. We selected 427 of the 665 PWID who regularly injected drugs enrolled in COSINUS, at three months of follow-up, and performed multivariable logistic regression to identify factors associated with self-reported drug use discrimination.Results: Women comprised 20.6% of the study sample. Sixty-nine percent of the participants declared drug use discrimination and 15% gender discrimination. In the multivariable regression analysis, PWID who had hurried injection out of fear of being seen were almost twice as likely to have experienced drug use discrimination (OR [95% CI]: 1.77 [1.15, 2.74], p = 0.010). Likewise, women experiencing gender discrimination were almost three times as likely to have experienced drug use discrimination (OR [95% CI]: 2.84 [1.07,7.56], p=0.037).Conclusion: Women who inject drugs experienced gender and drug use intersectional discrimination. This could be a reason for the low attendance rates of women in healthcare settings. In addition, discrimination negatively impacted injection drug use practices (eg, hurried injection), particularly for people with unstable housing who injected in public spaces. We recommend introducing adapted services in healthcare facilities for women who inject drugs, and creating a favorable social and physical environment for all PWID in order to improve their health and access to care.Keywords: gender, injection drug use, intersectionality, discrimination

This paper explores the perspectives of different urban actors regarding public participation in the context of the increasing incorporation of digital technologies and urban platforms. The study is based on three workshops with local governance actors, six semi-structured interviews with academics in the fields of public participation and digital technologies and a citizen survey with 260 respondents. The results provide multi-perspective insights into the challenges of participatory processes and are synthesized into three contributions: (i) guidelines for effective public participation, including factors that encourage or discourage citizen engagement; (ii) guidelines for designing participatory platforms, highlighting specific features that promote digital engagement (i.e. social media, gamification and user-friendly interfaces), and (iii) a typology of digital participation platforms to connect the diverse needs of actor groups with the various possibilities provided by new technologies. The guidelines provide concrete recommendations to support both urban practitioners and interface designers in designing participatory strategies and platforms, respectively. Recognizing that there is no-one-size-fits-all platform, the typology provides a framework for the assessment and further development of digital platforms for public participation. This article is part of the theme issue 'Co-creating the future: participatory cities and digital governance'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate how and to what extent there are differences in the photosynthetic plasticity of trees in response to different light environments, six species from three successional groups (late successional, mid‐successional, and pioneers) were exposed to three different light environments [deep shade – DS (5% full sunlight – FS), moderate shade – MS (35% FS) and full sunlight – FS].Maximum net photosynthesis (Amax), leaf N partitioning, stomatal, mesophile, and biochemical limitations (SL, ML, and BL, respectively), carboxylation velocity (Vcmax), and electron transport (Jmax) rates, and the state of photosynthetic induction (IS) were evaluated.Higher values of Amax, Vcmax, and Jmax in FS were observed for pioneer species, which invested the largest amount of leaf N in Rubisco. The lower IS for pioneer species reveals its reduced ability to take advantage of sunflecks. In general, the main photosynthetic limitations are diffusive, with SL and ML having equal importance under FS, and ML decreasing along with irradiance. The leaf traits, which are more determinant of the photosynthetic process, respond independently in relation to the successional group, especially with low light availability.An effective partitioning of leaf N between photosynthetic and structural components played a crucial role in the acclimation process and determined the increase or decrease of photosynthesis in response to the light conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil salinization is a significant abiotic factor threatening agricultural production, while the low availability of phosphorus (P) in plants is another worldwide limitation. Approximately 95-99% of the P in soil is unavailable to plants. Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) transform insoluble phosphates into soluble forms that plants can utilize. The application of PSB can replace or partially reduce the use of P fertilizers. Therefore, selecting bacteria with high solubilization capacity from extreme environments, such as saline soils, becomes crucial. This study aimed to identify twenty-nine bacterial strains from the rhizosphere of Salicornia fruticosa by sequencing the 16S rDNA gene, evaluate their development in increasing concentrations of NaCl, classify them according to their salinity response, and determine their P solubilization capability. The bacteria were cultivated in nutrient agar medium with NaCl concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 30%. The phosphate solubilization capacity of the bacteria was evaluated in angar and broth National Botanical Research Institute (NBRIP) media supplemented with calcium phosphate (CaHPO4) and aluminum phosphate (AlPO4), and increased with 3% NaCl. All bacterial strains were classified as halotolerant and identified to the genera Bacillus, Enterobacter, Halomonas, Kushneria, Oceanobacillus, Pantoea, Pseudomonas, and Staphylococcus, with only one isolate was not identified. The isolates with the highest ability to solubilize phosphorus from CaHPO4 in the liquid medium were Kushneria sp. (SS102) and Enterobacter sp. (SS186), with 989.53 and 956.37 mg·Kg-1 P content and final pH of 4.1 and 3.9, respectively. For the solubilization of AlPO4, the most effective isolates were Bacillus sp. (SS89) and Oceanobacillus sp. (SS94), which raised soluble P by 61.10 and 45.82 mg·Kg-1 and final pH of 2.9 and 3.6, respectively. These bacteria demonstrated promising results in in vitro P solubilization and can present potential for the development of bioinput. Further analyses, involving different phosphate sources and the composition of produced organic acids, will be conducted to contribute to a comprehensive understanding of their applications in sustainable agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]