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In Australia, surveillance data establish that there are higher rates of late HIV diagnoses among heterosexual migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa and new HIV diagnoses among gay and bisexual men (GBM) from Southeast and Northeast Asia and Latin America. Together, these groups are identified as priority migrant communities in current efforts to eliminate HIV transmissions. HIV health literacy is recognised as a key means of improving access to services and health outcomes. This qualitative paper explores critical HIV health literacy among priority migrant communities in Queensland, Australia. To foreground community voices, peer researchers from priority migrant communities participated in the project design, data collection and analysis, with 20 interviews completed. The findings demonstrate how participants' engagement with HIV health information and services is highly relational and situated within the framework of sexual health and wellbeing. Participants strategically selected where to seek information and who they trusted to help them appraise this information. They further demonstrated reflective capacities in identifying the contextual barriers that inhibit the development of their HIV health literacy. The findings highlight the need for HIV health promotion strategies that embrace a sex positive approach, promote cultural change, and involve collaboration with general practitioners (GPs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Young people from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds experience barriers accessing sexual and reproductive health (SRH) information and care. This systematic review, utilising a pre-determined protocol, performed according to PRISMA guidelines, explored SRH knowledge, attitudes and information sources for young (16–24 years) culturally and linguistically diverse background people living in Australia, to gain understanding of their sexual health literacy. CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed and Scopus were systematically searched with inclusion criteria applied to 216 articles. After title and abstract screening, backward/forward searching, and full-text review of 58 articles, 13 articles from eight studies were identified. Thematic analysis, guided by core constructs from cultural care theory, identified three themes: (1) SRH knowledge varied by topic but was generally low; (2) young people's attitudes and beliefs were influenced by family and culture; however, 'silence' was the main barrier to sexual health literacy; and (3) Access to SRH information was limited. To attain sexual health literacy and equitable access to culturally-congruent and responsive SRH information and care, there is a need for theory-informed strategies and policies that address the diverse social, cultural and structural factors affecting young culturally and linguistically diverse background people, especially the 'silence' or lack of open SRH communication they experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Access to distributed energy has brought a greater impact on the system. By analyzing the flexibility of the distribution network itself, considering the evaluation indicators of the three dimensions of effect, degree and service, this paper designs a flexible reliability evaluation index system for the distribution network, using principal component analysis and multi-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation thoughts, a flexible reliability model was established, and calculation examples were analyzed, which is helpful to provide guidance for the development of regional distribution networks.

The evaluation of equipment asset performance level of regional distribution network is an important link. As the equipment assets of the regional distribution network are affected by many factors, the performance level is low. Based on this, this paper considers 11 influencing factors from the two dimensions of cost input impact and performance output impact, establishes a model of the interpretation structure of the equipment asset performance level of the regional distribution network, and conducts detailed analysis and discussion. The results show that more attention needs to be paid to key factors such as the emission reduction rate of coal-to-electricity projects, annual conventional power grid construction investment costs, coal-to-electricity project investment, annual conventional grid operation and maintenance costs, and electricity sales revenue, which will help improve the performance level of equipment assets in the regional distribution network.

As the input ratio of regional distribution network increases year by year, higher requirements are put forward for high quality and high reliability of power consumption. Under this background, this paper involves 11 evaluation indexes from three dimensions of reliability, economy and environmental protection, and designs the evaluation index system of investment effect of regional distribution network. The multiattribute AHP-TOPSIS-entropy weight combination evaluation method for the investment effect of regional distribution networks is constructed. And select distribution network A, B, C area for example analysis, the results show that the n-1 pass rate, power supply reliability, power consumption growth and emission reduction of clean energy generation are positively correlated with the investment effect of regional distribution network.

Background: Migrants are underrepresented in population health surveys. Offering translated survey instruments has been shown to increase migrant representation. While 'team translation' represents current best practice, there are relatively few published examples describing how it has been implemented. The purpose of this paper is to document the process, results and lessons from a project to translate an English-language sexual health and blood-borne virus survey into Khmer, Karen, Vietnamese and Traditional Chinese. Methods: The approach to translation was based on the TRAPD (Translation, Review, Adjudication, Pretesting, and Documentation) model. The English-language survey was sent to two accredited, independent translators. At least one bilingual person was chosen to review and compare the translations and preferred translations were selected through consensus. Agreed translations were pretested with small samples of individuals fluent in the survey language and further revisions made. Results: Of the 51 survey questions, only nine resulted in identical independent translations in at least one language. Material differences between the translations related to: (1) the translation of technical terms and medical terminology (e.g. HIV); (2) variations in dialect; and (3) differences in cultural understandings of survey concepts (e.g. committed relationships). Conclusion: Survey translation is time-consuming and costly and, as a result, deviations from TRAPD 'best practice' occurred. It is not possible to determine whether closer adherence to TRAPD 'best practice' would have improved the quality of the resulting translations. However, our study does demonstrate that even adaptations of the TRAPD method can identify issues that may not have been apparent had non-team-based or single-round translation approaches been adopted. Given the dearth of clear empirical evidence about the most accurate and feasible method of undertaking translations, we encourage future researchers to follow our example of making translation data publicly available to enhance transparency and enable critical appraisal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International students within Australia are disproportionately affected by adverse sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcomes. Chinese international students represent the majority of international students in Australia, and a large proportion of students in other high-income countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom, making them an important priority group. However, the SRH issues of this priority group have received little attention from international researchers. This review provides an overview of global studies surrounding the SRH knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of Chinese international students studying abroad. Ten articles were deemed relevant and findings from both the qualitative and quantitative data synthesis were categorised into six codes: (1) knowledge; (2) sources of information; (3) attitudes; (4) behaviours; (5) barriers; and (6) recommendations. The findings provide valuable understanding to inform the development of targeted, culturally sensitive and inclusive health promotion initiatives and policies. It is recommended that further research is conducted in this field to reduce evident health disparities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

University students usually consist of young people from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, and a group recognised as being at increased risk of STI. This study found lower levels of STI knowledge and STI testing among international students and to a lesser extent, domestic overseas-born students, compared with domestic Australian-born students. International students exhibited lower risk sexual behaviour but were more likely to have had a HIV test than domestic students. This diversity in sexual health knowledge, sexual health services utilisation and sexual experience indicates the need for a variety of public health approaches to improve sexual health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Byline: Dongxiao Niu, Zhihong Gu Energy, especially the electricity, is the basis of a country's economic development. It is of great significance for a country to develop the economy. Meanwhile, this also can illustrate the mechanism and change trend of electricity consumption. This paper regards the intensity of electricity consumption as the research object and uses it to study the quantitative relationship between electricity and economy. Mainly considering the structural factor and efficiency factor, this paper divided the change of electricity consumption intensity into structure share and efficiency share and put forward their calculating method, then used the statistical data from 1995 to 2007 of Beijing to calculate the structure share and efficiency share in the change of electricity consumption intensity and analysed the impact of economic structure adjustment and efficiency improvement on it. The result shows that the development of industrial structure and improvement of electricity utilisation efficiency are two major factors which could promote the decline of the electricity consumption intensity, based on it, some suggestions for making the industry's development plan and further study of the relationship between electricity and economy were given.

In this article, a new route for conversion of camptothecin to 7-ethylcamptothecin and 7-propylcamptothecin is described. Compared with previous reports, the reaction time of the new synthetic route was greatly shortened to 30 min, and the products were obtained in high yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: More research and policy action are needed to improve migrant health in areas such as sexual health and blood-borne viruses (SHBBV). While Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice Surveys (KAPS) can inform planning, there are no SHBBV KAPS suitable for use across culturally and linguistically diverse contexts. This study pretests one instrument among people born in Sub-Saharan Africa, South-East and North-East Asia living in Australia., Methods: Employees of multicultural organisations were trained to collect data over three rounds using a hybrid qualitative pretesting method. Two researchers independently coded data. Researchers made revisions to survey items after each round. Responses to feedback questions in the final survey were analysed., Results: Sixty-two participants pretested the survey. Issues were identified in all three rounds of pretesting. Of the 77 final survey respondents who responded to a survey experience question, 21% agreed and 3% strongly agreed with the statement 'I found it hard to understand some questions/words'., Conclusion: It is essential to pretest SHBBV surveys in migrant contexts. We offer the following pretesting guidance: (1) large samples are needed in heterogeneous populations; (2) intersectionality must be considered; (3) it may be necessary to pretest English language surveys in the participants' first language; (4) bilingual/bicultural workers must be adequately trained to collect data; (5) results need to be interpreted in the context of other factors, including ethics and research aims; and (6) pretesting should occur over multiple rounds., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Hepatitis B is a significant public health challenge within some subpopulations in Australia, including Chinese and Vietnamese migrants. There has been limited research on hepatitis B knowledge and actions in these communities. The authors conducted a self-administered survey among 442 Chinese and 433 Vietnamese in Brisbane. Generally, the knowledge is best described as "moderate." One in 2 could not identify the sexual transmission risk and less than one third knew that sharing foods or drinks did not spread the disease. The majority of Vietnamese (80%) and 60% of Chinese respondents indicated prior testing. Vaccination was reported in 60% of the Vietnamese and in 52% of the Chinese. Knowledge was better among Chinese people who had been tested and vaccinated compared with those who were nontested and nonvaccinated. Only 3.5% of the Chinese, but 11.6% of the Vietnamese, indicated having a positive test result hepatitis B virus. This study helps identify strategies for programs targeting both communities and practitioners.